Understanding and responding to drug use: the role of qualitative research

358 Pages·2000·2 MB·English

by  Fountain, Jane

EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series No 4
T(EhMe CEDuDroAp)e awna sM soetn iutpo riinn gth Ce efnactree offo ar nD ersucgasla atinndg dDrruugg pArodbdliecmti oinn 15 5 Und Understanding and
to(hEneE CtEh)ue r Nosupobe aj3en0c 2tU /an9ti3 oE nuo ranon pd8e aaF nela blcerkvu eoalrf. y sE os1ut9anb9dl3 ias,n htdeh dce o bCmye pCnaotrruaebn lcbeie li cnRafeomgrumel aafttuiioollnny 17 A the erstan responding to
oanpder actoiomnpaal rianb l1e9 9in5f.o Irtms amtiaoinn gaot aEl uirso tpoe panro lveidveel ‘ocbojneccetirvnein, gre dliraubgles O-24-9 roledin drug use:
and drug addiction and their consequences’. 9-776 ofg a
-EN qnd
-C u the role of
The Centre’s tasks are divided into four categories: ar
le
is
• collecting and analysing existing data; tap
to
• improving data-comparison methods; ivn qualitative
ed
• disseminating data; and i
rn
• cooperating with European and international bodies esg
et
and organisations, and with non-EU countries. ao research
rc d
hr
u
The EMCDDA works exclusively in the field of information.
g

u
s
Located in Lisbon, the EMCDDA is one of 11 decentralised agencies e
:
set up by the European Union to carry out specialised technical or
scientific work. As such, the Centre is funded by the Community
budget but is autonomous in its operations.
EMCDDA
Scientific
Monograph
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 18 ISBN 92-9168-088-5 Series
(cid:1) ,!7IJ2J1-giaiih!
OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
4
L-2985 Luxembourg ›

EMCDDA Scientific Monograph Series No 4
Understanding and
responding to
drug use:
the role of
qualitative
research
PLANNING GROUP
Jane Fountain
Richard Hartnoll
Deborah Olszewski
Julian Vicente
SCIENTIFIC EDITOR
Jane Fountain
EDITORS
Gloria Greenwood
Kathy Robertson
Information on the EMCDDAcan be found on its website (http://www.emcdda.org).
Agreat deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000
ISBN 92-9168-088-5
© European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2000
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
PRINTEDONWHITECHLORINE-FREEPAPER
Contents
FOREWORD
Georges Estievenart 9
GENERALINTRODUCTION
Richard Hartnoll 13
Part I: The role of qualitative research
INTRODUCTION 19
CHAPTER 1
The multiple roles of qualitative research in understanding
and responding to illicit drug use
Tim Rhodes 21
Part II:
The impact of qualitative research on policy-making
INTRODUCTION 39
CHAPTER 2
The impact of qualitative research on policy-making: setting the scene
Virginia Berridge 41
CHAPTER 3
How qualitative research has influenced Dutch drug policy
Ton Cramer 49
Part III: New drug trends
INTRODUCTION 57
CHAPTER 4
New drug trends and qualitative research
Louisa Vingoe and the EMCDDAworkgroup on new drug trends 59
CHAPTER 5
Towards a trend theory
Michael Agar 67
3
Contents
CHAPTER 6
Antenna: a multi-method approach to assessing new drug trends
Dirk Korf and Ton Nabben 73
CHAPTER 7
An early recognition system for drug trends in Berlin
Reiner Domes and Ludwig Kraus 83
CHAPTER 8
Incorporating qualitative methods into a rapid audit
of new heroin outbreaks amongst British youth
Howard Parker 89
CHAPTER 9
Recreational life and ecstasy use
Amador Calafat and Paolo Stocco 93
Part IV: Risk behaviour
INTRODUCTION 101
CHAPTER 10
Qualitative research on the health risks associated with drug injecting:
needle and syringe sharing
Nuria Romo Aviles, Marina Barnard, Tim Rhodes,
Fabienne Hariga, Urban Weber, Anne Coppel and Jane Fountain 103
CHAPTER 11
Qualitative research and community-level responses to illicit drug use
Robert Power 109
Part V: Social exclusion
INTRODUCTION 117
CHAPTER 12
Social exclusion: an overview
Susanne MacGregor 119
CHAPTER 13
Using qualitative research to examine the nature of drug use
among minority ethnic communities in the UK
Kamlesh Patel 127
4
Contents
CHAPTER 14
Understanding the social exclusion–problem drug use nexus
Aileen O’Gorman 137
CHAPTER 15
Social peripheries and drugs:
an ethnographic study in psychotropic territories
Luís Fernandes 143
CHAPTER 16
Speed freaks, junkies and others — with drugs as companions
Bengt Svensson 149
CHAPTER 17
Problem drug use, social exclusion and social reintegration:
the client speaks
Julian Buchanan and Lee Young 155
Part VI: Drug markets
INTRODUCTION 165
CHAPTER 18
Exploring relationships between illicit drugs and crime:
qualitative research across the European Union
Howard Parker, Jane Fountain, Peter Blanken,
Uwe Kemmesies, Letizia Paoli and Karen Ellen Spannow 167
CHAPTER 19
Retail-level drug dealing in Rotterdam
Peter Blanken, Cas Barendregt and Linda Zuidmulder 175
CHAPTER 20
Illicit drug distribution organisation in France:
methodological experimentation at three levels of research
Michel Schiray 185
CHAPTER 21
Qualitative methodology at the edge:
assessing Italian Mafia groups’involvement in drug trafficking
Letizia Paoli 191
CHAPTER 22
Welfare, crime and networking: financing a drug habit
Karen Ellen Spannow 197
5
Contents
CHAPTER 23
Aqualitative view of drugs policing:
heroin markets in Greater Manchester, UK
Mark Gilman 203
Part VII: Drug services evaluation
INTRODUCTION 213
CHAPTER 24
Zebra watching in rural England:
the contribution of a qualitative process evaluation to
a new drug prevention project targeting young people
Neil Hunt 215
CHAPTER 25
Clients’perceptions of the structure and operational
characteristics of southern European syringe-
exchange programmes: Pesesud-1
Anna Rodés, Catherine Pérez and the Pesesud-1 working group 221
CHAPTER 26
Using qualitative research to inform social policy
on services for drug-using prostitutes/sex workers
Justin Kenrick 227
CHAPTER 27
Narratives of recovery from clients and staff in treatment organisations
Mats Hilte 233
CHAPTER 28
Treatment services for amphetamine users
Sam Wright and Hilary Klee 237
CHAPTER 29
Problem drug use in Poznań, Poland:
a qualitative approach to needs assessment
Janusz Sierosławski 243
6
Contents
Part VIII: Methodological issues
INTRODUCTION 251
CHAPTER 30
Evaluation: a ‘realistic’perspective
Mike Hough 253
CHAPTER 31
Grounded theory and computer-assisted analysis of qualitative data:
some proposals for the practice of qualitative research
Odd Lindberg 259
CHAPTER 32
How to reach the unknown: the snowball sampling technique
Uwe Kemmesies 265
CHAPTER 33
Engaging ‘difficult-to-reach’young people in a study of inner-city drug use
Paula Mayock 273
CHAPTER 34
Recruiting injecting drug users
Rhidian Hughes 279
CHAPTER 35
Aqualitative study of cocaine and crack use in Antwerp, Belgium:
some ethical issues
Tom Decorte 285
CHAPTER 36
Community fieldwork: bringing drug users into research action
Peter Blanken, Cas Barendregt and Linda Zuidmulder 291
Part IX:
Qualitative research within a global research agenda
INTRODUCTION 299
CHAPTER 37
Qualitative research on drug use in the European Union
Jane Fountain, Paul Griffiths and Richard Hartnoll 301
7
Contents
CHAPTER 38
Selling stories to the masses:
qualitative research and Australian drug policy
John Fitzgerald 309
CHAPTER 39
Qualitative research on drug abuse in the USA
Zili Sloboda 317
CHAPTER 40
Qualitative drug research in central and eastern Europe
Michael Stauffacher, Dagmar Hedrich,
Paul Griffiths and Janusz Sierosławski 325
GENERALCONCLUSIONS
Richard Hartnoll 335
CONTRIBUTORS 341
8