Triggering of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Implications for Prevention

432 Pages·1996·14.1 MB·English

by  Diane E. Bild

TRIGGERING OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Developments in
Cardiovascular Medicine
VOLUME 170
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Triggering of acute
coronary syndromes
Implications for prevention
Edited by
STEFAN N. WILLICH
Institute for Epidemiology, Social and Preventive Medicine,
Humboldt University ofB erlin, Klinikum Charite, Berlin, Germany
and
JAMES E. MULLER
Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Deaconess Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, U.S.A.
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Triggeri' g of "cute coronary syndromes: impl ications for prevention I
edited by Stefan N. Willich and James E. Muller
p. cm. -- (Developments in cardiovascular medicine; v. 170)
Inc I udes index.
1. Myocardial infarction. 2. Cardiac arrest. I. Muller. James
E. II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Coronary Disease--prevention & control. 2. Coronary
Disease--epidemiology. 3. Coronary Disease--physiopathology.
4. Risk Factors. 6. Willich. Stefan N. W1 DE997VME v.170 1996
WG 300 T828 19961
RC686.I6T76 1996
616. 1 '23--dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 96-21136
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7205-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1577-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1577-0
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporatcs
the publishing programmes of
D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr. W. Junk and MTP Press.
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In all other countries, sold and distributed
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Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1996 by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t editiion 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or
by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright
owners.
To Tonya and Kathleen
Table of contents
About the editors x
List of contributors Xl
Foreword by E. Braunwald xv
Introduction by S.N. Willich, J.E. Muller xvii
PART ONE: Epidemiology
1. Magnitude of cardiovascular disease: impact and prevention in
populations 1
Diane E. Bild & Lawrence Friedman
2. Secular trends and declining mortality rates from coronary
heart disease in the United States 15
Robert J. Goldberg
3. Circadian variation in the incidence of transient myocardial
ischemia 37
David Mulcahy & Henry Purcell
4. Circadian variation in the onset of myocardial infarction and
sudden cardiac death 53
James E. Muller & Stefan N. Willich
5. Triggering of myocardial infarction by physical activity,
emotional stress and sexual activity 71
Murray A. Mittleman
6. Physical activity, time of awakening, and other possible
triggers of sudden cardiac death
Stefan N. Willich & Hans-Richard Arntz 81
7. Subacute psychobiological factors predisposing to triggering of
coronary syndromes 95
Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
Vlll Contents
PART TWO: Physiology
8. The genetic contribution to the onset of acute coronary heart
disease 111
Fram;ois Cambien, Odette Poirier, Alun Evans, Dominique
Arveiler, Gerald Luc, lean-Pierre Cambou & Laurence Tiret
9. Hemostatic risk factors for cardiovascular disease 135
Praveen P. ladhav & Geoffrey H. Tofier
10. The imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis in coronary heart
disease and its relation to traditional risk factors 153
Kaj Winther, Steen Elkjrer Husted, Hans Krremmer Nielsen &
1 flJrn Dalsgaard Nielsen
11. Mechanisms contributing to the abrupt conversion from stable
to unstable angina and myocardial infarction 175
lames T. Willerson
12. Circadian fluctuation of fibrinolytic factors in blood.
Investigation, importance and clinical consequences 185
Felicita Andreotti & Alessandro Manzoli
13. The role of thrombosis in acute coronary heart disease 201
Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz & Valentin Fuster
14. The role of coronary vasomotor tone in coronary artery
disease 219
Arshed A. Quyyumi
PART THREE: Pathology
15. Models of the intracoronary pathogenesis of acute coronary
heart disease 237
loseph P. Jiang, Charles L. Feldman & Peter H. Stone
16. Some thoughts on the causes of coronary thrombosis in
atherosclerotic arteries and on the research necessary for their
future exploration 259
Paris Constantinides
17. Determinants of rupture of atherosclerotic coronary lesions 267
Pedro R. Moreno, Prediman K. Shah & Erling Falk
PART FOUR: Prevention
18. Primary prevention of triggering of coronary heart disease 285
Ira S. Ockene
Contents IX
19. Chronopharmacological aspects of coronary heart disease 295
Bjorn Lemmer & Klaus Witte
20. Pre hospital care of acute coronary heart disease 309
Hans-Richard Arntz, Richard Stern & Stefan N. Willich
21. Pharmacological and invasive therapy for acute myocardial
infarction 331
Rolf Schroder
22. The role of electrophysiology and pharmacotherapy in
prevention of factors triggering sudden cardiac death 347
Ralph Haberl, Peter Steinbigler & Gerhard Steinbeck
23. Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction: the roles of f3-
adrenergic blockers, calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitors, and aspirin 367
William H. Frishman
24. Gene therapy for the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque 395
Laurent J. Feldman & Jeffrey M. Isner
Index 413
About the editors
Stefan N. Willich is Chair of the Institute for Epidemiology, Social and
Preventive Medicine at Klinikum Charite, Humboldt University of Berlin. A
graduate from Munich University Medical School and Harvard School of
Public Health, Dr. Willich completed training in internal medicine, cardiology,
and epidemiology in Berlin and Boston. As part of his focus on clinical
epidemiology, Dr. Willich has developed the research field of triggering of
cardiovascular disease in Germany, following work with Dr. James Muller's
group in the mid 1980s.
James E. Muller is Chief of the Cardiovascular Division of Deaconess
Hospital, Harvard Medical School. A graduate of the University of Notre Dame
and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dr. Muller has been
engaged in research on the triggering of cardiovascular disease since 1985
when he and his colleagues reported the morning increase in onset of acute
myocardial infarction. He is a Co-Director of the Institute for Prevention of
Cardiovascular Disease that is conducting studies on the epidemiologic,
pathophysiologic and basic science aspects of triggering of disease onset.
List of contributors
FELICITA ANDREOTTI
Lecturer, Istituto di Cardiologia, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Policlinico Gemelli, Largo F. Vito, 1,1-00168 Rome, Italy
HANS-RICHARD ARNTZ
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin,
Free University Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
DIANEBILD
Medical Officer, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications,
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Federal Building, 7550 Wisconsin
Avenue, Room 212, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A.
EUGENE BRAUNWA LD
Professor, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115-6195,
U.S.A.
FRAN<;ms CAMBIEN
Professor, INSERM, SC7, 17, rue du Fer a Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
PARIS CONSTANTINIDES
Professor em., Department of Clinical Anatomy, UBC Medical School, 903-
540 Lonsdale, North Vancouver, BC, Canada V7M 2G7
ERLINGFALK
Associate Professor, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Odense University,
Odense, Denmark
CHARLES L. FELDMAN
Lecturer, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A.
LAURENT J. FELDMAN
Fellow, Hopital Bichat, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France