Table Of ContentTrichinella
and Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis
Posterior end of male worm (T. spiralis nativa) by scanning electron microscopy.
Courtesy of Drs. ]. R. Lichtenfels and K. D. Murrell, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
Trichinella
and Trichinosis
Edited by
William C. Campbell
Merck Institutefor Therapeutic Research
Rahway, New Jersey
Plenum Press. New York and London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Trichinella and trichinosis.
Bibliographv: p.
Includes index.
1. Trichinosis. 2. Trichinella spiralis. 1. Campbell, William C. (William Cecil),
1930- . [DNL:vl: 1. Trichinella. 2. Trichinosis. WC 855 T8225]
RCI86.T815T7:l 1983 616.9'654 83-2390
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3580-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3578-8
DOT: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3578-8
© 1983 Plenum Press. New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1983
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York. N. Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording. or otherwise. without written permission from the Publisher
DEDICATED
To Dr. J. Desmond Smyth, who kindled a parasitological fire; to Dr.
Arlie C. Todd, who fanned the flames; to Dr. Ashton C. Cuckler,
chemotherapist par excellence, who suggested testing a drug against
Trichinella and thereby induced an addiction to the affairs of that worm;
to the late Dr. S. Emanuel Gould and Dr. Zbigniew Kozar, whose en
couragement kept the addiction from waning; to S.J.C. and the late
R.J .C., who made it all possible; and to Mary, Jenifer, Peter, and Betsy,
who make it all worthwhile.
Contributors
Lyndia Slayton Blair
Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research
Rahway, New Jersey 07065
Graham A. Bullick
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Houston, Texas 77025
William C. Campbell
Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research
Rahway, New Jersey 07065
Gilbert A. Castro
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Houston, Texas 77025
David A. Denham
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
London WCIE 7HT, England
Dickson D. Despommier
Division of Tropical Medicine
School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, New York 10032
Terry A. Dick
Department of Zoology
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
vii
VIII CONTRIBUTORS
Anneke Elgersma
Rijks Instituut Voor de Volksgezondheid
3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Charles W. Kim
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Stony Brook, Long Island, New York I1794
Jack C. Leighty
Dunkirk, Maryland 20754
Inger Ljungstrom
Department of Parasitology
National Bacteriological Laboratory
S-I052I Stockholm, Sweden
Zbigniew S. Pawlowski
Clinic of Parasitic and Tropical Diseases
Medical Academy of Poznan
Poznan, Poland
and
Parasitic Diseases Programme
Wo rid Health Organization
Geneva 27, Switzerland
E.Joost Ruitenberg
Rijks Instituut Voor de Volksgezondheid
3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
David S. Silberstein
Department of Microbiology
Columbia University
New York, New York 10032
George L. Stewart
Laboratory of Parasitology
Department of Biology
University of Texas
Arlington, Texas 76019
Frans van Knapen
Rijks Instituut Voor de Volksgezondheid
3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Derek Wakelin
Department of Zoology
University of Nottingham
Nottingham, England
CONTRIB UTORS IX
Norman F. Weatherly
Department oj Parasitology and Laboratory Practice
School oj Public Health
University oj North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
William J. Zimmermann
Veterinary Medical Research Institute
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa 50011
Preface
I have cured the Empress of Boolampoo of
a Cramp she got in her tongue by eating
Pork and buttered parsnips ....
The Earl of Rochester-17th Century
As the modern outpouring of biological information continues at ever
increasing pace, two kinds of reviews are needed to keep the torrent
in manageable form. The one assumes a working knowledge of the
field in question and tries to bring the reader up to date by reporting
and assessing the recent developments. The other attempts to assimilate
the recent developments into a coherent restatement of the whole
subject. This book falls in the latter category.
Trichinella spiralis infection has been in the medical and biological
limelight for more than a century, and interest in it continues una
bated-as evidenced by what Norman Stoll called the "perennially
exuberant" research on trichinosis. The infection seems to offer some
thing for almost everyone. For the physician, it offers a patient with
painful and sometimes fatal disease; for the public-health official, a
threat to the commonweal; for the experimental biologist, a life cycle
that is unique yet easily and rapidly maintained in the laboratory; for
the field ecologist, a symbiont with an affinity for an extraordinary
range of wildlife species; for the pork producer, a poorer profit; for
the cook, a culinary constraint; and for the diner, a dietary danger.
Yet, despite this breadth of interest, and the cascade of new data, the
only comprehensive books on the subject in English are those of S.E.
Gould, published in 1945 and 1970. Although his work on trichinosis
Xl
PREFACE
XII
was virtually an avocation, Dr. Gould's passion for the subject enabled
him to produce landmark treatises. His 1970 volume, Trichinosis in Man
and Animals, with contributions from many authors, remains a treasure
house of information. But the past dozen years have brought major
new findings in all aspects of trichinosis, and it is time for another
stock-taking. This volume offers a fresh synthesis of old and new
information, and it is hoped that the work will serve as a succinct yet
comprehensive source of information on Trichinella as parasite and
pathogen.
The use of the term trichinosis, rather than trichinellosis, will dismay
some readers. Adoption of trichinellosis would have been baffling to
others. It can be argued that as Trichinella was gradually becoming
accepted as the correct name for the nematode genus Trichina, so
trichinosis should have become superseded by trichinellosis. But trichinosis
had already spread from the technical language to the vernacular, and,
as in the case of malaria and coccidiosis, a new lexicon was not needed
to clarify what was already perfectly clear to the scientist and layman
alike. (In 1911, Ambrose Bierce's The Devil's Dictionary contained the
entry: Trichinosis, n. The pig's reply to proponents of porcophagy.)
We have two defensible words for disease caused by Trichinella, and
with some misgiving we have chosen to stick with the one that is shorter
and more venerable.
W.c.c.
