Transitions Between Sexual Systems: Understanding the Mechanisms of, and Pathways Between, Dioecy, Hermaphroditism and Other Sexual Systems

370 Pages·2018·8.903 MB·English

by  Janet L. Leonard

Janet L. Leonard Editor
Transitions
Between
Sexual Systems
Understanding the Mechanisms of,
and Pathways Between, Dioecy,
Hermaphroditism and Other
Sexual Systems
Transitions Between Sexual Systems
Janet L. Leonard
Editor
Transitions Between Sexual
Systems
Understanding the Mechanisms
of, and Pathways Between, Dioecy,
Hermaphroditism and Other Sexual Systems
Editor
JanetL.Leonard
JosephM.LongMarineLaboratory
InstituteofMarineSciences
UniversityofCalifornia
SantaCruz,California,USA
ISBN978-3-319-94137-0 ISBN978-3-319-94139-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94139-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2019932836
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Tomyhusband,BruceKarsh,withallmylove
Preface
The stimulus for this book came from Verena Penning of Springer Verlag, who
approachedmeaboutdoingabookrelatedtothetopicofasymposium“Phenotypic
plasticityandtheevolutionofgender”whichIhadorganizedforthe2013meetingof
theSocietyforIntegrativeandComparativeBiologyandwhichwaspublishedthat
year in Integrative and Comparative Biology. With her encouragement, I began
thinking about whether there were new and unexplored areas in the field, which
could be the basis for a useful and groundbreaking book, and I decided there was.
Thefocusofthisbookisontaxonomicgroupsthatdemonstratesubstantialdiversity
of sexual systems with the goal of understanding what selective pressures are
associated with changes in sexual system and what evolutionary pathways and
sex-determiningmechanisms areinvolved inchanges insexualsystems whenthey
change.GeorgeWilliams(1975),inhisseminalbook,SexandEvolution,(a)pointed
outthatsexualsystemsareoftenextremelyconservative,indefianceofthetheoryof
theera,and(b)suggestedthatunderstandingwhat factors wereimportant indeter-
mining sexual system or evolutionary changes in sexual system would best come
from analysis of taxa characterized by lability or diversity in sexual system. This
book, then, is an effort to follow Williams’ suggestion by offering an array of
chapters, each dedicated to a taxon (or group of taxa) which is variable in sexual
system, with a goal of analyzing the selective pressures, evolutionary pathways,
and/orsex-determinationmechanismsthatexplainthisdiversity.
Whenonebeginstoreviewafield,onealwaysfindsthatitisriddledwithrabbit
holes,manyofthemfulloffascinatingfacts,discoveries,andideasthatenrichone’s
understanding of evolution and biology (and sometimes also the workings of
scientists’ minds), even though this material often proves completely irrelevant to
thethemeofthereview.Occasionally,thereisrealtreasuredownoneoftheseholes.
Itisprobablyfairtosaythattherearetwotypesofscientists,thosewhoenjoyrabbit
holes and those who do not. I happen to enjoy them, perhaps too much, and
consequently planning, participating in, and particularly reading the chapters of
thisbookhasbeenagreatpleasure.Ihopealltheauthorswhohavecontributedto
thisbookhavehadthesameexperience.Itisalsomyferventhopethatreadersofthis
vii
viii Preface
bookwillfindbothanauthoritativesourceforthetopicsinquestionandarichsource
ofrabbitholestoexplore.
MythankstoVerenaPenning,thewholestaffofSpringerVerlag,andespecially
theauthorsofthebook’schapterswhogavetheirtimetomakingthisbookpossible
andhavetaughtmesomuchandthemanyreviewerswhohavemadethebookbetter.
SantaCruz,CA JanetL.Leonard
Contents
1 TheEvolutionofSexualSystemsinAnimals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JanetL.Leonard
2 Phylogeny,Evolution,andEcologyofSexualSystemsAcrossthe
LandPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
AndreaL.CaseandLinleyK.Jesson
3 TransitionsBetweenCombinedandSeparateSexesinFlowering
Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
JohnR.Pannell
4 TheEvolutionofUniparentalReproductioninRhabditina
Nematodes:PhylogeneticPatterns,DevelopmentalCauses,
andSurprisingConsequences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
EricS.Haag,JohannesHelder,PaulJ.W.Mooijman,DaYin,
andShuangHu
5 PolychaeteWormsontheBrinkBetweenHermaphroditism
andSeparateSexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
LauraPicchiandMariaCristinaLorenzi
6 Sex-DeterminingMechanismsinBivalves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
SophieBreton,CharlotteCapt,DavideGuerra,andDonaldStewart
7 TransitionsinSexualandReproductiveStrategiesAmongthe
Caenogastropoda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
RachelCollin
8 Hermaphrodites,DwarfMales,andFemales:Evolutionary
TransitionsofSexualSystemsinBarnacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
YoichiYusa
ix
x Contents
9 LifeHistoryConstraintsFacilitatetheEvolutionofAndrodioecy
andMaleDwarfing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
SachiYamaguchi
10 SexualSystemsinShrimps(InfraorderCarideaDana,1852),with
SpecialReferencetotheHistoricalOriginandAdaptiveValueof
ProtandricSimultaneousHermaphroditism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
J.AntonioBaeza
11 EnvironmentalandGeneticSexDeterminingMechanismsin
Fishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
JohnGodwinandReadeRoberts
12 CausesandConsequencesofEvolutionaryTransitionsintheLevel
ofPhenotypicPlasticityofReptilianSexDetermination. . . . . . . 345
NicoleValenzuela
List of Contributors
J. Antonio Baeza Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University,
Clemson,SC,USA
SmithsonianMarineStationatFortPierce,FortPierce,FL,USA
Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad
CatólicadelNorte,Larrondo,Coquimbo,Chile
SophieBreton DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversitédeMontréal,Montréal,
QC,Canada
CharlotteCapt DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversitédeMontréal,Montréal,
QC,Canada
Andrea L.Case DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,KentStateUniversity, Kent,
OH,USA
RachelCollin SmithsonianTropicalResearchInstitute,BalboaAncon,Panama
JohnGodwin DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,
Raleigh,NC,USA
DavideGuerra DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,UniversitédeMontréal,Montréal,
QC,Canada
EricS.Haag DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD,
USA
JohannesHelder LaboratoryofNematology,Wageningen,TheNetherlands
Shuang Hu Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD,
USA
Linley K. Jesson Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Freder-
icton,NB,Canada
xi