Table Of ContentTRANSFORMATION OF ANKARA BETWEEN 1935-1950 IN
RELATION WITH EVERYDAY LIFE AND LIVED SPATIALITY
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
BY
SERPİL ÖZALOĞLU
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
ARCHITECTURE
JUNE 2006
Approval of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
--
Prof. Dr.Canan Özgen
Director
I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selahattin Önür
Head of the Department
This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully
adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy.
-------------------------------------
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel
Supervisor
Examining Committee Members
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel Kalaycıoğlu (METU-SOC.)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel (METU-ARCH.)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nur Çağlar (GAZİ-MİMARLIK)
Assist. Prof. Dr. T. Elvan Ergut (METU-ARCH.)
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nur Altınyıldız( BAHÇEŞEHİR-GSMT)
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I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained
and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I
also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited
and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work.
Name, Last name : SERPİL ÖZALOĞLU
Signature :
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ABSTRACT
TRANSFORMATION OF ANKARA BETWEEN 1935-1950 IN
RELATION WITH EVERYDAY LIFE AND LIVED SPATIALITY
Özaloğlu, Serpil
Ph.D. Department of Architecture
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel
June 2006, 393 pages
Being the capital of the young Republic, transformation of Ankara’s urban
environment into a modern one was one of the objectives of the Early
Republican period. In the study, the transformation of urban culture is traced
through everyday life of the inhabitants and lived spatiality in the new and
old/traditional parts of the city.
Urban culture clearly manifests itself in urban public spaces by means of
everyday life and lived spatiality. It is not only the elite but the humble income
social groups which are the main agents/actors of the transforming urban
culture. In Ankara, gradual appropriation of a modern life style takes place in
the urban public spaces but these spaces do not have to be part of the grand
narrative of nation-building. Cultural places (Sergievi, theaters, movie theaters,
people’s houses), recreation places (parks, coffee shops, restaurants), shopping
areas, streets and boulevards, districts are spaces of everyday life and new
spatial and bodily practices flourish in these spaces. The reality of the city
shelters both the new/modern, the old, and the spontaneously developing urban
environments which equally participated in the transformation process.
The research is based on memory in the study. Written documents, newspapers,
literary constructions, memoirs and interviews with the old inhabitants of the
city are the main sources. According to the analyses made on the obtained
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data, Ankara was a fruitful medium for creation of a modern urban culture
during the mentioned period and middle social groups were the main
components of this transformation process.
Key words: Modernization, transformation, memory, lived spatiality,
everyday life, bodily practices, middle social groups.
v
ÖZ
ANKARA’NIN GÜNLÜK YAŞAM VE MEKÂNSAL PRATİKLER
AÇISINDAN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: 1935-1950
Özaloğlu, Serpil
Doktora, Mimarlık Bölümü
Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel
Haziran 2006, 393 sayfa
Genç Cumhuriyet’in başkenti olan Ankara’da kentsel çevrenin modernleşmesi
Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin hedeflerinden biriydi. Çalışmada kentsel
kültürün dönüşümü, Ankaralıların günlük yaşamları ve mekansal pratikleri
üzerinden araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada hem yeni hem de eski veya geleneksel
mahalleler/mekanlar yer almıştır.
Kent kültürü, günlük yaşam ve mekansal pratikler aracılığıyla, kendini kentin
kamusal alanlarında açıkça gösterir. Kent kültürünü dönüştürenler yalnızca elit
bir kesim değil, mütevazı bir yaşam süren diğer toplumsal gruplardır da.
Modern yaşam biçiminin yavaş yavaş benimsenmesi yalnızca ulus devletin
kuruluş tarihinde yer alan mekanlar aracılığıyla olmaz. Kültürel mekanlar
(Sergievi, tiyatrolar, sinemalar, halk evleri), eğlence/dinlence yerleri (parklar,
kahveler, restoranlar), çarşılar, “asfalt” ya da bulvarlar, mahalleler günlük
yaşamın mekanlarıdır. Yeni mekansal ve bedensel pratikler buralarda yeşerir.
Yeni/modern çevrelerin yanısıra, eski ve kendiliğinden gelişen bölgeler de
dönüşüm sürecinde eşit derecede yer alır.
Araştırmada bellek temel olarak alınmıştır. Yazılı belgelerin yanısıra,
gazetelerden, edebi kaynaklardan, anılardan ve 1935-50 arasını Ankara’da
yaşamış eski Ankaralılarla yapılan söyleşilerden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan
analize göre Ankara, seçilen dönemde modern kentsel bir kültürün
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yaratılabilmesine ya da var olanın modern bir kent kültürüne
dönüştürülebilmesine olanak sağlayan bir ortam sunmaktadır. Bu kültürün
yaratılmasında en büyük pay, orta sınıfa ait olduğunu söyleyebileceğimiz
toplumsal gruplarındır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Modernleşme, dönüşüm, bellek, mekansal pratikler,
günlük yaşam, bedensel pratikler, orta sınıf toplumsal grupları.
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To my son Alp
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I express sincere appreciation to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel for
her guidance and insight throughout the research. I am also grateful for the
constructive and to the point critiques of Assist. Prof. Dr. Nur Altınyıldız and
Assist. Prof. Dr. T. Elvan Ergut. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to the 17
interviewees who agreed to give of their valuable time and eager to share their
memories with me for the study. Thanks go to my colleagues and friends who,
by some means or other, took part in the long process of making this study.
Finally I would like to thank to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuri Merzi, who helped me at
the critical phases of the thesis by giving necessary tactics to overcome the
difficulties.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLAGIARISM ..................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................iv
ÖZ ......................................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... xii
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................1
1.1. Theoretical Framework and the Principal Concepts of the
Thesis ..........................................................................................7
1.2. Everyday Life in Relation with Lived Spatiality, Public
Urban Spaces and Bodily Practices: Urban Culture ..................7
1.2.1. Representational Spaces and Representations of
Space .................................................................. 19
1.3. Bodily practices........................................................................21
1.4. Memory: Individual and Collective Memories and Their
Relation to Space.......................................................................22
1.5. Memory History Relationship: Relevance of the Use Of
Memory as a Method of Historiography of Urban Space...............33
1.6. Methodology of the Research and the Material Used..............36
1.6.1. Interviews.......................................................................39
1.6.2. Newspapers....................................................................44
1.6.3. Literary Sources and Published Memoirs.......................46
2. URBAN POPULATION AND THE OCCURENCE OF DAILY
LIFE IN ANKARA ..........................................................................49
2.1. The Social Structure of Ankara in the Pre-Republican
Period .....................................................................................49
2.2. Formation of Middle Social Groups .......................................53
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