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Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Transcription and Critical Apparatus JamesCummings April2009 Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Transcription of primary sources Inmostcaseswhencreatinganelectronicedition,theprimary sourcefromwhichitorignatesmayhavecertaintextual phenomena. Forexample: • Textwhichisabbreviationsand/orexpanded • Editorialcorrectionandconjecture • Scribaladditions,deletions,substitutions,orrestorations • Textwhichaneditorsuppliesorintentionallyomits • Textwhichisdamagedorillegible Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Transcribable features Whichfeaturesofaprimarysourcesmightonewanttoincludeina transcription? • variantletterforms • pagelayout • orthography • capitalisation • worddivision • punctuation • abbreviations • additionsanddeletions • errorsandomissions • regularizations Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Elements defined for transcription work Definedin'core'module: abbraddchoicecorrdelexpangapsic Definedin'transcr'module: addSpanamdamagedamageSpan delSpanexfacsimilefwhandNoteshandShiftrestore spacesubstsuppliedsurfacezone Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus <choice> reminder • <choice>(groupsalternativeeditorialencodings) • Abbreviation: • <abbr>(abbreviatedform) • <expan>(expandedform) • Errors: • <sic>(apparenterror) • <corr>(correctederror) • Regularization: • <orig>(originalform) • <reg>(regularizedform) Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Abbreviation Abbreviationsarehighlycharacteristicofmanuscriptmaterialsof allkinds. WesternMSStraditionallydistinguish: Suspensions thefirstletterorlettersofthewordarewritten, generallyfollowedbyapoint,orothermarker: for examplee.g. forexemplagratia Contractions bothfirstandlastlettersarewritten,generallywith someothermarkofabbreviationsuchasasuperscript stroke,or,lesscommonly,apointorpoints: e.g. Mr. forMister Brevigraphs Specialsignsortittels,suchastheTironiannotaused for‘et’,theletterpwithabarredtailcommonlyused forper,thelettercwithacircumflexusedforcum(ĉ) etc. Superscripts Superscriptletters(vowelsorconsonants)areoften usedtoindicatevariouskindsofcontraction: e.g. w followedbysuperscriptchforwhich. Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Abbreviation and Expansion Amanuscriptabbreviationmaybeviewedintwoways: • Onemaytranscribeitasaparticularsequenceoflettersor marksuponthepage: thus,a‘pwithabarthroughthe descender’,a‘superscripthook’,a‘macron’ • Onemayalsointerprettheabbreviationintermsoftheletter orlettersitisseenasstandingfor: thus,‘per’,‘re’,‘n' Bothoftheseviewsareabletoberecordedsimultaneouslybythe TEI Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Two Levels of Encoding Abbreviations TEIproposestwolevelsofencoding: • thewholeofanabbreviatedwordandthewholeofits expansion: <abbr>and<expan> • abbreviatorysignsorcharactersandthe‘invisible’characters theyimply: <am>and<ex> Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus <ex> and <am> Usingtheseelements,fromthe'transcr'module,atranscribermay indicatethestatusoftheindividuallettersorsignswithinboththe abbreviationandtheexpansion. • <ex>(editorialexpansion)containsasequenceofletters addedbyaneditorortranscriberwhenexpandingan abbreviation. • <am>(abbreviationmarker)containsasequenceoflettersor signspresentinanabbreviationwhichareomittedorreplaced intheexpandedformoftheabbreviation. Previously,peoplehavere-purposedexistingelementssuchas <hi>and<supplied>tomarkindividualletters/signsin abbreviationsandexpansions. ThenewP5elements<am>and <ex>aretheTEI'sattempttosupportthisdesire. Transcriptionofprimarysources CriticalApparatus Brevigraph Example TheOldIcelandicword‘hann’(‘he’)isusuallywrittenasa brevigraphinmedievalmanuscripts,combiningtheletterhwitha horizontalstrokerepresentingnasalisation(Unicodecharacter 0305,functionallysimilartothemoderntilde). Itlookslikethis:

Description:
some other mark of abbreviation such as a superscript stroke, or, less commonly, a point or points: e.g. Mr. for Mister. Brevigraphs Special signs or tittels, such as
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some other mark of abbreviation such as a superscript stroke, or, less commonly, a point or points: e.g. Mr. for Mister. Brevigraphs Special signs or tittels, such as

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