Table Of Content|
Trajectories of Authoritarianism
in Rwanda
Challenging assumptions regarding the strength and ability to control of
authoritarian governments in Rwanda in the decades before the 1994
genocide,Marie-EveDesrosiersusesoriginalarchivaldataandinterviews
to highlight the complex relations between authorities, opponents, and
society. Through a careful and detailed analysis, Desrosiers offers a
nuanced assessment of the functions and evolution of authoritarianism
over time, demonstrating how the governments of Rwanda’s first two
post-independence Republics (1962–1990) sought and often struggled to
cementtheirrule.Whilethedeeper,livedrealitiesof authoritarianismare
generallyneglectedbymulti-casecomparisonsattheheartofcomparative
authoritarian studies, this illuminating survey highlights the essential yet
subtle authoritarian strategies, patterns, and forms of decay that are too
oftenoverlookedwhenaddressingauthoritariancontexts.
marie-evedesrosiersisAssociateProfessorattheGraduateSchoolof
PublicandInternationalAffairs,UniversityofOttawa,Canada.Sheholds
the International Francophonie Research Chair on political aspirations
and movements in Francophone Africa. She specializes in governance
andsecurityissuesintheAfricanGreatLakesandFrancophoneAfrica.
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Trajectories of
Authoritarianism
in Rwanda
Elusive Control before the Genocide
marie eve desrosiers
UniversityofOttawa
Published online by Cambridge University Press
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781009224789
DOI:10.1017/9781009224741
©MarieEveDesrosiers2023
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Firstpublished2023
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To Rwandan friends and colleagues met over the years.
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Contents
List of Figures page viii
List of Tables ix
List of Abbreviations x
Trajectories of Authoritarianism: AnIntroduction 1
1 The Study of Authoritarianism 21
2 ShouldRwanda Matterto the Study of Authoritarianism? 59
3 Some Background: Timelines, Beginnings, and Endings 89
4 The Shape of Authoritarianism in Pre-genocide Rwanda 149
5 Communicating Norms forBehavior 178
6 Challenges to the Monopolyof Legitimate Violence 210
7 Competition around and within the SecuritySanctum 240
8 The Political and EconomicGrind 265
9 LocalandIndividualTrajectories 312
Conclusion 340
Bibliography 364
Index 382
vii
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Figure
1.1 Pre-genocideadministrative levels below
national authorities page 54
viii
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Tables
3.1 National-level defence and order corps page 138
4.1 MRNDstructures 163
ix
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Abbreviations
Aprosoma Association pour lapromotion sociale dela
masse (Association for theSocial Promotion
of theMass)
ASSERU Association deséleveurs du Rwanda
(Association of Herders ofRwanda)
CERAI Centre d’enseignement rural et artisanal
intégré (Integrated Rural and Artisanal
Education Centers)
CESTAR Centrale syndicaledes travailleurs du
Rwanda (Workers’ Union of Rwanda)
CND Conseilnationaldedéveloppement(National
Development Council)
CNLG NationalCommission fortheFight against
Genocide
CPUN Comité pour lapaixet l’unité nationale
(Committee for Peace and NationalUnity)
DRC Democratic Republicof Congo
GDP gross domestic product
MDR Mouvement démocratique républicain
(Democratic RepublicanMovement, also
known as MDR-Parmehutu in its early
iteration. Seeentry‘Parmehutu’)
MOMOR Mouvement monarchiste rwandais
(Rwandan Monarchist Movement)
MRND Mouvementrévolutionnairenationalpourle
développement(National Revolutionary
Movement forDevelopment)
MSM Mouvement social Muhutu (Muhutu Social
Movement)
x
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