Trafficking Data: How China Is Winning the Battle for Digital Sovereignty

361 Pages·2022·18.769 MB·English

by  Aynne Kokas

Trafficking Data

Trafficking Data
How China Is Winning the Battle for
Digital Sovereignty
AYNNE KOKAS
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers
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Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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© Aynne Kokas 2023
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prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
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rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
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You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress
ISBN 978–0 – 19– 762050–2
DOI: 10.1093/ oso/ 9780197620502.001.0001
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America
For Aynne Zazas, whose name I am honored to share

Contents
Acronyms ix
Acknowledgments xi
Preface xvii
1. The Data Trafficking Dilemma 1
2. What Happens in Vegas Stays in China: Fragmented
US Tech Oversight 22
3. Becoming a Cyber Sovereign: China’s Politics of Data
Governance 51
4. From Farms to Outer Space: How China Networks Sovereignty
in the United States 76
5. Social Media: The Algorithm as National Security Asset 94
6. Gaming: The Porous Boundaries of Virtual Worlds 117
7. Money: The Risks of Data Trafficking for China 138
8. Health: Surveilling Borderless Biodata 150
9. Home: Data Through the Back Door 172
10. Toward Data Stabilization 188
E pilogue 207
English- Pinyin-C hinese Glossary 211
Notes 217
References 245
Index 307

Acronyms
AI artificial intelligence
ATM automated teller machine
BGI Beijing Genomics Institute
BRI Belt and Road Initiative
CAC Cyberspace Administration of China
CCP Chinese Communist Party
CCPA California Consumer Privacy Act
CDA 230 Communications Decency Act Section 230
CEIEC China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation
CEO chief executive officer
CES Consumer Electronics Show
CFIUS Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CISA Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
COPPA Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DJI SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd.
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DoD Department of Defense
DSR Digital Silk Road
EDM electronic dance music
ESG environmental, social, and corporate governance
EU European Union
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FCPA Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FHSS frequency-h opping spread spectrum
FINSA Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
FIRRMA Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act
FTC Federal Trade Commission
GAN generative adversarial networks
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation