Tradition and Transformation. Fulbright Hays Summer Seminar Abroad Program 1995 (China).

694 Pages·2012·24.28 MB·English

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Tradition and Transformation. Fulbright Hays Summer Seminar
TITLE
Abroad Program 1995 (China).
National Committee on United States-China Relations, New
INSTITUTION
York, NY.
Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC.
SPONS AGENCY
1995-00-00
PUB DATE
731p.; Some materials may not photocopy well.
NOTE
Non-Classroom
Guides
Collected Works
General (020)
PUB TYPE
(055)
MF04/PC30 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
*Asian History; *Asian Studies; *Change; *Chinese Culture;
DESCRIPTORS
Culture; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries;
Foreign Policy; Global Education; Instructional Materials;
International Relations; Multicultural Education; Non
Western Civilization; Social Problems
*China
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
These projects were completed by participants in the
Fulbright-Hays seminar in China in 1995. The participants represented various
regions of the U.S. and different grade levels and subject areas. The units
"Traditional and
"Travel Guide to China" (Marcy Adelson);
include:
(2)
(1)
"Chinese Philosophies
Contemporary Values of China" (Peter Ciemins);
(3)
"Excavating
"Unit on China" (Peggy Coffey);
Unit" (Matthew Clayton);
(5)
(4)
"One Voice, Many
the Tomb of China's First Emperor" (Kay Corcoran);
(6)
"Artifacts Lesson" (Maureen Fredrickson);
Voices" (Christine Del Gaudio);
(7)
"Teaching Modern Chinese History through Literature" (Leath Hunt);
(9)
(8)
(10) "Beyond the Lecture:
(J. Kevin Oakes);
"Three Cultures, Two World Views"
The Seminar Method Implementing 'The Son of the Revolution'" (Anita Pilling);
"Problems Facing China Due to Her Large Population" (Joanne Saunders);
(11)
"The Ch'in
"Understanding a Different World View" (Kathie Selden);
(13)
(12)
"Caught in the
Dynasty: Archaeological Wonders" (David J. Sheehan);
(14)
"China: Five Themes of Geography"
Crackdown" (Mellanie L. Shepherd);
(15)
"The Treasure of Sinclitun: The Search for
(Barbara Spillane); and (16)
Chimera and Other China Studies" (Carole J. Wilkinson).
(EH)
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00
A
1995 FULBRIGHT HAYS SEMINARS ABROAD PROGRAM
China: Tradition and Transformation
Curriculum Projects
ro°)
;
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
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received from the person or organization
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Compiled by the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations on behalf of the United States
Department of Education in fulfillment of Fulbright Hays requirements.
Table of Contents
Marcy Adelson
Travel Guide to China
Traditional and Contemporary Values of China
Peter C iem ins
Matthew Clayton
Chinese Philosophies Unit
Peggy Coffey
Unit on China
Kay Corcoran
Excavating the Tomb of China's First Emperor
Christine Del Gaudio
One Voice, Many Voices
Maureen Fredrickson
Artifacts Lesson
Leath Hunt
Teaching Modern Chinese History Through Literature
J. Kevin Oakes
Three Cultures, Two World Views
Anita Pilling
Beyond the Lecture: The Seminar Method
Implementing The Son of the Revolution
Joanne Saunders
Problems Facing China Due to Her Large Population
Kathie Selden
Understanding a Different World View
David J. Sheehan
The Ch'in Dynasty: Archaeological Wonders
Mellanie L. Shepherd
Caught in the Crackdown
Barbara Spillane
China: Five Themes of Geography
Carole J. Wilkinson
The Treasure of Singitun: The Search
for Chimera and Other China Studies
3
Marcy Adelson
Fulbright-Hays Seminar Project
My independent curriculum project is a 6th grade travel guide to China.
It is
written and geared for an intermediate school curriculum, with teacher supervision
and input.
It includes lesson plans and the guide book.
THE OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the preparation necessary before taking a major trip.
2. To correct misconceptions about China and give students a clearer and more
exact picture of life there.
3. To show that people have different ways of thinking and behaving and by learning
about them we develop an understanding.
4. To understand that people acquire the codes, ways, beliefs and values of their
culture trough their daily life experiences.
5. To show the increasing global interdependence because of advances in
transportation and communication.
LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
MOTIVATION-
Write the word China on the chalkboard and ask students to write 10 things they know
or think about China. Put many of these comments on the chalkboard.
Discuss how I recently returned from a 5 week trip there.
Show pictures, slides,
memorabilia. (If this is being done by another classroom teacher who has not visited
China, just use pictures, slides.)
Ask students to imagine that they have been invited to visit China for 10 days. Make
a list on the chalkboard of what is needed for such a trip (rassport,
flight
s a ,
information and awareness of time differences, money in proper currency, clothing
etc.)
DEVELOPMENT -
Have each child make his own passport. Discuss purpose of passport, accuracy;
show them real passports.
Distribute and review my guidebook in class with teacher supervision.
Discuss
geography using maps to show location of China and distance from America
As
.
you read through the guidebook pay specific attention to the history and politics of
China as compared to the U.S.
Incorporate math by asking how much money would you need for such a trip (flight,
hotel, food, admission fees, souvenirs) Transfer money to Chinese currency.
Incorporate Science by discussing what clothing would you take (review weather at
different times of the year, different parts of China also have different weather
patterns, monsoons.)
Incorporate English by having students write a proper business letter to a hotel in the
guidebook requesting a hotel reservation.
Review my journal by reading passages aloud (or any published journal). Discuss
what they tell the reader, Journals reproduce sites, sounds and smells of your trip,
The writings remind you why you went to these specific places, what you saw, how
you felt about being there, etc.
Again show photographs, slides, and souvenirs from China.
STUDENT'S PROJECT
-
After lengthy discussions and review of my guidebook and journal have the students
It should include
write their own journal about their imaginary 10 day trip to China.
hotels, food, sites, travel arrangements, people they met, places they visited,
observations and impressions. Teachers should supplyn addition to my guide book,
textbooks on China, encyclopedias,other guide books(Lonely Planet, Frommer,
Fodor) and travel brochures and magazines to be used for their imaginary trip. This
project should be done in clas5with the teacher as a source of reference, as well as
all the suggested literature. This can be done as an individual project or in groups as
a cooperative learning experience.
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MRS. ADELSON'S TRAVEL GUIDE TO CHINA
FACTS ABOUT THE COUNTRY
Asia is the home of more than 1/2 the people of the world. This region used to be
called the Far East because it lies far to the east if Europe. The largest country in the
region and the 3rd largest in the world is the People's Republic of China. China, a
civilization of many names and guises has fascinated outsiders over the centuries.
It
has an area of 3, 706,000 square miles(9,487,000 square kilometers). In the SW are
the great Himalaya Mts. which separate China from India and Nepal. Mountain
China into 2 parts. In the south are
ranges also stretch eastward and divide eastern
hills, small valleys and rolling plains toward the Pacific Ocean. In the north are great
of
plains, highlands and narrow mountain ranges. Most of southern China is made up
low-hills and mountains. Between these highlands are fertile river valleys and plains.
It is in these plains that most of China's people live.
China has 1.17 billion people - more than any other nation in the world. 1/5 of the
people in the world live in China. 90% of the population lives in little more than 15%
of China's total land area. 1/2 of the population is under 21 years of age. Almost all
the people living in China are ethnic Chinese. Because of the concern to feed the
vigorous
most populous nation in the world, China has instituted a 1-child policy. A
campaign has been implored to restrict China's natural growth rate. Rewards with
income bonuses, greater health subsides, better retirement pensions, priority in
education and housing accommodations are offered to encourage each family to
If a family has more than 1 child, penalties and taxes are imposed
have only 1 child.
in the U.S. and China
on them. This 1-child policy has created controversy
concerning human rights violations in the government's further attempt to control the
people.
CLIMATE
the
The climate in SE China is humid-subtropical (like South Carolina and Georgia in
US). This climate is affected by the monsoon winds (winds that change direction
and a dry
each season. They bring a wet season when they blow from the water
hot and rainy. The winters
season when they blow from the land). The summers are
rice is
in South China are mild. In general, South China is a warm, humid land where
drier than in the south. Winter
grown. In North China, the climate is much colder and
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in the north demands very heavy clothing against the biting cold and wind.( similar to
the NE United States) Most of the rain falls in the summer.
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
The Chinese developed one of the oldest continuous civilizations in world history.
Government began in the valley of the Yellow River and spread southward to the
It was here
Yangzi River Valley. The Chinese people fought floods and built canals.
that rice was first grown and became the main food for the Chinese people. The rice
for farming. The rice
growers built terraces on the hillsides to provide more land
paddies covered the valley lands.
For much of its history, China was ruled by dynasties. The head of the dynasty was
the emperor. He ruled with an iron Nod and a strong army. He was the highest
authority. Dynasties and emperors changed often in the history of China. Fighting
occurred often. One man who tried to end the fighting was CONFUCIUS (551-479
BC)He was a very wise man whose teachings have been followed for a long time by
the Chinese people. He preached living in an orderly way and gave rules to help
people live together, He believed that a good ruler had a mandate from heaven to
rule. As long as a ruler was good, the people were to work for him and live in peace.
If the ruler was bad, the people had a right to revolt and find a new leader. Families
girls must honor their
were also very important. Confucius preached that boys and
parents.
China was constantly invaded by tribes of nomads. About 215 years before Christ
northern border to keep out the
was born, the Chinese built the Great Wall along her
nomads.
In 1275 Marco Polo went from Italy to China. He lived there for 20 years. When he
returned to Europe he told about the wonders he had seen; spices, printed money,
the
gunpowder, the compass and abacus (a counting machine). He described how
Chinese made silk and printed with wood blocks and movable type.China became
known to the outside world and many countries wanted part of her.
North
With the industrialization of Europe in the 1800$ and economic development of
America as a world trading power, came the decline of the Chinese empire. In 1840
Britain and China went to war over the opium trade. "Economic and military
superiority led to a belief of cultural superiority among the Chinese. Western
missionaries saw China as an untapped reserve of pagan souls ripe for
conversion"and moved into China.
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In 1899 the U.S. announced the Open Door Policy. This meant that China should be
open to all foreign nations on equal terms for trade and business. This did not make
the Chinese happy.
In 1911, a revolution broke out in China. The rule by emperors was ended. The
Chinese people set up a republican form of government. One of the revolutionary
leaders was SUN YAT-SEN. He led the Nationalist party that set up the government.
However, he died in 1925 before he could unite China. He was followed by
GENERAL CHIANG KAI-SHEK.
In 1931 Japan occupied the NE provinces of China and in 1937 took much of the
East Coast. After WWII China was free again. Civil War broke out in China between
the Nationalists and the Communists led by MAO ZEDONG. In 1949 the Communist
won and became the rulers of the People's Republic of China. The Nationalist party
under Chiang Kai-Shek moved to the island of Taiwan which they called the
Republic of China.
From 1949-76 The People's Republic of China conducted its daily life behind closed
doors. The government of China is a communist dictatorship. There is only 1 political
It has about 40 million members-only 4% of the nation's
party, the Communist Party.
people. Party members are chosen carefully. The Party controls the army. The
People's Liberation Army is the largest in the world. Party members make all important
decisions. The "party line" is continually made known to the people through
newspapers, radio and television, which they control.
In 1967 a "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" occurred within China. Large
numbers of young people calling themselves "Red Guards" attacked party leaders
and scholars in the schools who questions Mao. Mao stressed the class struggle.
He called on the Red Guards to identify supporters of capitalism. These young men
and women, in the name of Mao, heaped abuse on families who had been landlords,
rich peasants, or supporters of the Nationalists before 1949. Victims of these abuses
were forced to confess to crimes against Mao and were sent to distant rural areas to
do manual labor and repent. The Cultural Revolution created chaos and havoc
throughout China. It lasted for 3 years until Mao had to ask the army to restore
order. Many people had been tortured, imprisoned or killed.
In 1971 the UN voted to admit the People's Republic of China as a member in place of
Nationalist China.
In 1972 Pres. Nixon visited China, ending years of bitterness between the 2
countries.
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