Third Millennium Capitalism: Convergence of Economic, Energy, and Environmental Forces

295 Pages·2000·1.5 MB·English

by  Wyatt M. Rogers

Third
Millennium
Capitalism

THIRD
MILLENNIUM
CAPITALISM
Convergence of Economic, Energy,
and Environmental Forces
WYATT M. ROGERS, JR.
QUORUM
Westport,Connecticut • London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Rogers,WyattM.
Thirdmillenniumcapitalism:convergenceofeconomic,energy,and
environmentalforces / WyattM.Rogers,Jr.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1–56720–360–4(alk.paper)
1. Capitalism. 2. Twenty-firstcentury—Forecasts.
3. Corporations. 4. Powerresources. 5. Sustainabledevelopment.
I. Title.
HB501.R673 2000
330.12'2—dc21 99–40338
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable.
Copyright(cid:2)2000byWyattM.Rogers,Jr.
Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe
reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe
expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:99–40338
ISBN:1–56720–360–4
Firstpublishedin2000
QuorumBooks,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881
AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc.
www.quorumbooks.com
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
TM
Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe
PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational
InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Tables ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1
The Approaching New Era: Overview of Expected Changes 1
Mandates for the Twenty-First Century 5
Part I: Capitalism and the Emerging Global Economy
1. Economic Forces in Modern Capitalism 11
Capitalism: A Historical Perspective 11
Globalization as an Economic Strategy 18
Political and Economic Developments Affecting Capitalism 22
Evolving Economic Concepts 33
2. The Third Millennium Corporation 53
The Corporation: The Emerging New Setting 53
Developing a New Corporate Structure and Philosophy 57
The Corporation and the Global Economy 72
The Corporation and Society 75
vi • Contents
The Evolving Third Millennium Corporation 77
3. Economic Development Challenges 81
Developing Local Economies in a Global Market 81
Foreign Investments in Domestic Industries 87
Workforce: Composition and Changing Conditions 88
Urban and Rural Economic Development 92
Footloose Industries 94
The Special Case of Indigenous Populations 97
Economic Development Strategies for the New Era 98
Part II: Global Energy Resources
4. Energy Demand and Supply in the Global Economy 103
World Utilization of Energy 103
Electric Energy in the United States 111
Energy Resources and Technologies for the Twenty-First
Century 114
5. Issues and Options for Energy Development 127
Global Energy Policy Issues 127
Fostering Optimum Energy Resources Utilization 134
Energy Conservation 138
Transformation of the Electric Utility Industry 140
Global Energy Development and Socioeconomic Progress 149
Synopsis of Future Global Energy Concerns 150
Part III: Managing Global Environmental Resources
6. World Environmental Concerns 155
The Global Environmental Challenge 155
Atmospheric Resources and Pollution 159
Water Resources 168
Land, Vegetation, and Wildlife 172
Environmental Protection and Mitigation 175
Recycling: A Tenet of the New Environmentalism 177
Global Environmental Policy Issues 178
Contents • vii
7. Capitalism and the Environment 183
Evolution of the Environmental Ethic 183
Environmental Resources Conservation 187
Industrial Pollution Control 192
Private Industry Roles in Environmental Protection 193
8. Toward a Sustainable Global Environment 195
The Environmental Goal: Meeting Human Needs 195
Strategies for Global Environmental Protection 197
Part IV: Capitalism in Transition
9. Convergence and Synergy 207
Converging Forces in Third Millennium Capitalism 207
Synergism in Capitalism 218
10. Energy, Environment, and Economic Growth 221
Economic Growth: Dependence on Capitalism and Energy 221
Energy Conservation Mandate 222
Energy Requirements in Developing Nations 223
11. Capitalism in the Third Millennium 227
A New Capitalism Paradigm 227
Changing Conditions and Outlook for Global Capitalism 235
Private Industry and the Public Sector 240
The Corporation as a Human Institution 248
Improving Accountability in the Private and Public Sectors 252
Globalization and Capitalism 255
Global Governance 258
Capital Formation and Mobility 262
Conclusion 265
Bibliography 269
Index 273

Tables
3.1 Civilian Noninstitutional Population—United States 89
3.2 Labor Force and Participation Rates—United States 90
4.1 World Energy Usage 104
4.2 Energy Production and Consumption—United States, 1996 105
4.3 Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector—United States,
1996 106
4.4 Comparison of Energy Resource Estimates by Resource
Type—United States 110
4.5 Electric Generation by Type—United States, 1976, 1986,
1996 111
6.1 Sources of Carbon Dioxide in the United States 161
6.2 Growth in Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases 162