The Vajrabhairava tantras: Tibetan and Mongolian texts with introduction, translation and notes

413 Pages·23.426 MB·Mongolian-English

by  Siklós Bulcsu.

THE VAJRABHAIRAVA TANTRAS
Tibetan & Mongolian Texts Introduction,
with
Translation Notes
and
By Bulcsu Sikl6s, BA.
Presented
for the degree of PhD at the University
London
of
1990
March
i
BIRL. '
LOINC. N.
ABSTRACT
This study contains translations and editions of the
deity
Indian Buddhist Tantric
tantras of the
Vajrabhairava, bound by
who oath the pre-Buddhist god of
the Yama to the the Buddhist
underworld protection of
doctrine. These have in
texts played a significant role
history Buddhist in
the tantric
of practice, particular
the Dge lugs Tibet Mongolia for
amongst pa of and whom
is important
this the three
one of most anuttara-yoga-
tantra
cycles.
A) The first the four into this is
of parts which study
divided three I. The first is
contains sections : a
introduction
to the tantras
general which attempts place
"mystical" into
and other such phenomena a non-
It is
rationalist - and non-phenomenological - context.
forward for "mystical"
argued that the way the study of
lies for
texts
and systems along paths well-trodden
by
centuries the practitioners of such systems, and not
invented The
along recently arbitrary rationalist paths.
section closes with a short account of the traditional
Buddhist explanations of the tantric path. II. The second
the Indo-European deity Yams
section considers ancient
and the sacred nature of the wild cattle associated with
him. involves
The
the
argument a reappraisal of species
Yama Vajrabhairava,
of cattle associated with and and
likely
reaches the conclusion that the most species was
Aurochs Bos This finding
the extinct rims enius, also
between
necessitates a reappraisal of the relationship
Indo-Iranians has hitherto been
the and cattle which
involving
considered a primarily economic one
domesticated than involving
cattle rather a religious one
III. The
wild ancestral cattle. nature and myths of the
deity Yama are then considered and an astrological
his Aurochs is
explanation of association with the
Vajrabhairava himself is discussed
then
provided.
basis.
primarily on a mythical
five
B) The translation
second part contains a of
Vajrabhairava
treatises concerning with
primary canonical
include from the Indian
annotations which material
in Tanjur.
the
commentaries preserved
Tibetan
C) The third part contains editions of the
five the
those texts and editions of
versions of
Mongolian translations of the three
available canonical
texts.
primary
bibliography,
D) The study concludes with a three part
Tibetan- Sanskrit- Mongolian- English glossary, a
a
index
Mongolian-Tibetan glossary, an and an appendix
detailing how
Tibetan text the
presenting a short
be
Vajrabhairava-tantras to read.
are
z
ERRATA
Illustration from Tsultem 1986.
p12 reproduced
for
p31 regardless read regardless of.
p68 Illustrations from Rol pa'i rdo rje's Three Hundred
Images; in Olschak Wangyal 1973).
reproduced and
Illustrations from Rol Three Hundred
p73 pa'i rdo rje's
Images; in Olschak Wangyal 1973).
reproduced and
p81 Illustration reproduced from the Ngor Collection (Ngor
1983).
mthar rtse mkhan po
for brgyad brgya.
p83 read
for liberated freed.
p99 read
for flesh human flesh.
p152 great read
for flesh human flesh.
p155 great read
for flesh human flesh.
p160 great read
in for
p187 add red sandalwood controlling and summoning
in (9v).
e ore ochre
p190 for holding to the assembly read holding to the ritual
substances.
for
p192 attainment of yoga read attainment of union.
for (despite TD).
pl94nl saliva read urine
dha ba bha
p194n6 read these syllables are : na pa pha ma
6a
la ha kqa.
ya ra va $a as
p389/390 pages reversed.
p407 for how to read read how to recite.
CONTENTS
Abstract 2
...............................................
Contents 3
...............................................
Acknowledgements 7
.......................................
List 8
of abbreviations
..................................
Note italicization 9
transcriptions
on and
...............
List illustrations 11
of
.................................
PART ONE
A. The
study of tantra and the rationalist quandary
i. Preliminary 14
observations
...................
ii. The Science 17
of mysticism
...................
iii. Phenomenology 27
and mysticism
................
iv. Buddhism 31
theory
as mystical
................
[Notes] 39
....................................
B. The Sacred Bull
43
i. General
observtions
........................
45
ii. The background
cultic
......................
49
iii. Indian backgrounds
.........................
56
iv. Ungulate
cults worldwide
...................
[Notes] 58
....................................
C. Yama Vajrabhairava
and
60
i. Yama
.......................................
66
ii. Dharmaräja
.................................
iii. Vajrabhairava his tantras
and amongst
70
humans
.....................................
[Notes] 78
....................................
PART TWO
Introduction to the translated texts and the
83
commentaries
.......................................
[Notes] 94
............................................
I. The Vajramahabhairava Tantra
95
i. Section 1: The Mandala
.....................
2: Accomplishing the Ritual Deeds.. 98
ii. Section
iii. Section 3: Putting the Mantras together... 105
108
4: Visualization
iv. Section
..................
Section 5: Drawing the Form 112
v.
...............
Section 6: Burnt Offering 114
vi.
.................
Section 7: Meditation 119
vii.
.....................
[Notes] 124
...................................
3
II. The Ritual Procedure Tantra Vajrabhairava
of
i. Section 1: The Meditation Method
on and
151
Wisdom
.........................
ii. Section 2: Yoga 154
...........................
iii. Section 3: Drawing the Form 161
...............
4: 163
iv. Section Burnt Offering
.................
[Notes] 168
...................................
177
III. The Myth Section
..............................
179
IV. The Musk Shrew Section
........................
[Notes] 182
.......................................
V. The Three Section Tantra Vajrabhairava
of
i. Section 1: Drawing the Wheel 183
..............
ii. Section 2: Turning Pledge-Substances
the
189
into Medicine
..................
iii. Section 3: Subsidiary Factors............. 191
[Notes] 194
...................................
PART THREE
203
Remarks the Editions Editorial Procedure.....
on and
(Notes] 213
.............................................
Tibetan texts
a).
I. Dpal 'jigs byed
rdo rje chen po'i rgyud
[The
Vajramahabhairava Tantra]
214
i. Rtog 1: dkyil 'khor bstan
pa
............. .
219
ii.. Rtog 2: las
thams cad grub pa
.............
iii. Rtog 3: btu ba bstan 227
pa
sngags
.............
4: 231
iv. Rtog
sgom pa
............................
236
Rtog 5: bris
v. sku'i cho ga
..................
6: las kyi 239
Rtog cho ga.......
vi. sbyin sreg gi
vii. Rtog 7: bsam gtan gyi las bsgrub pa........ 244
'jigs byed kyi
II. Dpal rdo rje rtog pa'i rgyud
[The Ritual Procedure Tantra of Vajrabhairava]
1: dang kyi bsam 251
i. Rtog thabs shes rab gtan..
2: ba 255
ii. Rtog
sbyor
...........................
3: bris 265
iii. Rtog
sku
...........................
4: ba...... 268
iv. Rtog sbyin sreg gi rim par phye
Lt
kyi
III. Gtam
rgyud rtog pa
[The 275
Myth Section]
.............................
IV. Chu
cchu nda ra'i rtog pa
[The 277
Musk Shrew Section]
.......................
'jigs byed kyi kyi
V. Dpal-rdo rje rgyud rgyal po rtog
pa gsum pa
[The
Three Section Tantra Vajrabhairava]
of
i. Rtog 1: 'khor lo bri ba 280
....................
ii. Rtog 2: dam tshig bsgyur........ 289
rdzas sman
iii. Rtog 3: las kyi dang 291
rgyu grogs............
b). Mongolian texts
I. Coytu tantr-a-yin
yeke vcir ayuYului-yin gaYan
[The
Vajramahabhairava
antra]
294
i. 1 Onul
: mandal-i ugaYuluYsan
...............
ii. 2 Onul üiles-i bütügeküi............ 299
: gamüX
iii. 3 Onul tarni-yi tegüküi 307
: ugaYuluYsan.......
iv. 4 Onul bisil, 311
: ýa1
...........................
5 Onul jiruy bey-e-yin üiles 316
v. :
..............
6 Onul jang üile.. 319
vi. Aal mandal-un aýui yeke
7 Onul diyan-i bütügekü-yi 324
vii. : onu\ýsan........
II. CoN(tu tantr-a-yin
vcir ayu\<uluXci-yin onul-un ga\ýan
[The
Ritual Procedure Tantra Vajrabhairava]
of
i. 1 Onul kiged bilig-un diyan......... 331
: ar\ý-a
ii. 2 Onul barilduXulqui 335
:
......................
345
iii. 3 Onul jiruN bey-e
. ........................
iv. 4 Onul jerge-yi ilXajsan.... 348
: rl mandal-un
III. Domuý-un
onul
[The 355
Myth Section]
..............................
PART FOUR
Bibliographies
a).
1. Works in languages
oriental
(Kanjur) 358
i. Canonical
works
..........
(Tanjur) 360
ii. Canonical
works
..................
365
iii. Independent Tibetan
works
.................
381
iv. Independent Mongolian
works
....... **
382
Independent Chinese
v. works
.................
2. Works in Western languages 384
....................
5
b). Glossaries
392
i. Tibetan- Mongolian- Sanskrit- English.....
400
ii. Mongolian- Tibetan
........................
405
[Notes]
...................................
Appendix
c).
Concise instructions on how to read the
406
tantras
collected
............................
408
d). Index
...........................................
G
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks are due to Professor Charles Bawden of the London
School Oriental African Studies for
of and extra-
instruction the in Classical
curricular over years
Mongolian for help the Mongolian
and with versions
here. Dr. Hartmut-Ortwin Feistel the
presented of
Staatsbibliotek in Berlin
generously provided
bibliographical help, did Professor Richard A. Gard
as of
Institute for Advanced Study World Religions
the the
of
Stony Brook, New York. E. Gene Smith, formerly the
at of
US Embassy in Jakarta, information
the
provided on rhos
(histories)
1byung the Vajrabhairava A trip to
of cycle.
the Mongolian Peoples' Republic Rgyal'rtse
to the
check
them Urga Kanjur
spangs ma and versions was made possible
by the British Council. Access to these Kanjurs
would
have been impossible had it been for in
the
not situ-help
Boldh the State University Mongolia
of of of as well as
the help the British Embassy Noel
of staff, notably
Jones. Thanks due Lama Gundsangbuu Gandan
to
are also of
Monastery, Ulan Bator, for to texts kept in the
access
library. Last but by least I
monastery no means would
like heartfelt
to thanks to
express my my supervisor
Dr. Tadeusz Skorupski the School Oriental
of of and
African Studies, University London. One
of could not wish
for better balance between
supervision which maintained
hand,
careful and much-needed guidance on the one and the
freedom down
provision of to travel rarely-trodden paths
the
on other.
7
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A Independent bp. the Three Section Tantra
of
(Text
V in
this
essay).
AS Atharvaveda-samhita.
BL British Library.
Bp Blockprint.
C Mongolian Kanjur in RLC.
ms.
(catalogue:
D Derge Kanjur Ui 1934).
et al.
IOL India Office Library, London.
Kow Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Erancais,
Kowalewski 1844.
Kp. Vajrabhairava-kalpatantra (Ritual
Procedure
Tantra Vajrabhairava; Text II in
of this
essay).
LSOAS Library the School Oriental African
of of and
Studies, University London.
of
MMW Sanskrit-English
Dictionary, Monier-Williams
1899.
Mvy. Mahävyutpatti.
P Peking Kanjur (catalogue
Tibetan
of edition
Suzuki 1962;
Mongolian Ligeti
of edition :
1942).
PT Peking Tanjur (catalogue Suzuki 1962).
:
R Stog Palace Kanjur (catalogue Skorupski
:
1985).
RLC Royal Library, Copenhagen.
S Rgyal (catalogue
rtse them spangs ma Kanjur
Bethlenfalvy 1982).
Sendai Tohoku University Catalogue (Kanakura
et al.
1953).
TD Tibetan-English Dictionary Buddhist
of
Terminology, Rigzin 1986.
THB Tibetische Handschriften Blockdrucke (1-
and
4: Taube 1966; 7: Wilhelm & Panglung 1979).
TSD Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary, Chandra 1976
(2nd.
ed).
(catalogue
U Urga Kanjur Bethlenfalvy 1980).
:
Vmbh. Vajramahabhairava-tantra (Text I in
this
essay).
H
indicates doubtful
extraneous or material or readings
in
the texts translations.
or
<> indicates be in
thought to the
sections misplaced
texts translations.
or
2
NOTE ON TRANSCRIPTIONS AND ITALICIZATION
1. Transcriptions
:
Tibetan is forgW-; is
transcribed
as usual, with g. y n. y
fora distinguish from
to
used
.
Mongolian is transcribed for the
as usual, except
following
:
ý 5.
1. j instead
c and are used of the unnecessary and
2. The blockprinted Kanjur
translations
show evidence of
in transcribing Sanskrit
great care
words and mantras and
in
the Mongolian
original these transcriptions
are used
in (though
to the Mongolian forms
preference more usual
there is difference between Such
sometimes no the two).
have been
words transcibed in this by
essay underlining
letters
distinguished in
all which are graphically the
Mongolian that Sanskrit is
and assuming a reconstruction
intended rather than a Mongolized form. Mongolized forms
however
in it has been
are retained cases where
(subjectively)
decided had into
that the
word passed
(and
Written Mongolian thus into the
accepted
dictionaries). An issue
example will make the clear : the
blockprint P has M has
the
4 while manuscript
. -J
The dictionaries
the
would accept second and
dandir-a (the 'normal' form). The first
transliterate
as
is however Skt.
transliteration tantra
a strict of with
first letter distinguished, it is
the
only graphically so
(and
dandr-a).
transliterated tantr-a
not
I