The Security Fence Around Jerusalem: - The Jerusalem Institute for

176 Pages·2011·11.51 MB·English

The Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies
Founded by the Charles H. Revson Foundation
The Security Fence
Around Jerusalem:
Implications for the City
and its Residents
Editor: Israel Kimhi
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies
Established by the Charles H. Revson Foundation
The Security Fence Around Jerusalem:
Implications for the City and Its Residents
Editor: Israel Kimhi
2006
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
The JUS Studies Series, No. Ill
The Security Fence Around Jerusalem: Implications for the City
and Its Residents
Editor: Israel Kimhi
Maps: Yair Assaf-Shapira
Layout and design: Esti Boehm
Production and printing: Hamutal Appel
We wish to thank Al Levitt of San Francisco, the Yaakov and Hilda Blaustein
Foundation, the Frankel Foundation, the Charles H. Revson Foundation,
the New Israel Fund, the Jerusalem Fund and the National Security Council
for making this project possible.
The views expressed in this book are solely the responsibility of the authors
© 2006, The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies
The Hay Elyachar House
20 Radak St., 92186 Jerusalem
http://www.jiis.org.il
E-mail: [email protected]
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
About the authors
Israel Kimhi — Urban planner, senior researcher and Jerusalem Studies
Coordinator at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. Headed the Jerusalem
Municipality's Policy Planning Division. Lecturer in the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem's Geography Department and at the Institute of Urban and Regional
Studies. Has headed numerous planning teams and prepared master and outline
plans for neighborhoods, cities and regions in Israel. Author of numerous
publications on Jerusalem, among them: Sustainable Jerusalem: Issues of
Development and Conservation (with Maya Choshen and Shlomo Hasson), the
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies 2004; Urban Environmental Quality (ed.),
the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2005; The Jerusalem Hills and the Judean
Coastal Plain: Conservation Policy and Sustainable Development (with Maya
Choshen and Motti Kaplan); Outline Plan for the Jerusalem District, 2000; Staff
Coordinator, Master Plan for Educational Institutions in East Jerusalem, 2003
(with Maya Choshen, Muhammad Nakhal and Bilhah Piamente).
Maya Choshen — Geographer and urban planner, senior researcher at the
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and lecturer at the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem's School of Education and Institute of Urban and Regional Studies.
She edits the Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem and its accompanying publication,
Al Netunayich Yerushalayim, published by the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies
and the Jerusalem Municipality; she advises research teams and directs projects
on social, planning and education-related issues in Jerusalem. Among the books
and articles that she has published in recent years: Sustainable Jerusalem: Issues
of Development and Conservation, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (with
Shlomo Hasson and Israel Kimhi), 2004; "There's Something About the Place:
Immigration to and from Jerusalem Shapes the Life of the City," (Hebrew) in
Panim: a Magazine on Culture, Society and Education, No. 28, the Israel Teachers
Union in cooperation with the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2004; Master
Plan for Educational Institutions in East Jerusalem, the Jerusalem Institute for
Israel Studies (submitted to the Jerusalem Education Authority, with Muhammad
Nakhal, Bilhah Piamente and Israel Kimhi), 2003.
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
Kobi Michael — Completed his doctorate at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's
Swiss Center for the Study of Conflicts; Research Fellow at the Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies and a founder and senior administrator of the Israel-Palestinian
security coordination apparatus subsequent to the Oslo Accords. His areas of expertise
are strategy, national security, and relations between the political and military
echelons in Israel. His research deals with various aspects of political-military
relations in Israel, the reality of political processes, Jerusalem-related security
issues, mainly regarding the Jerusalem security fence ("Otef Yerushalayim"),
security cooperation in conditions of conflict, and the development of models for
international involvement in the various conflict areas, including Jerusalem's
Historical Basin. He lectures at the National Security College and in the conflict
studies programs at Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University. His books include:
International Involvement in Jerusalem: Background and Significance, the
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2003; International Involvement in
Jerusalem's "Historical Basin: " Possible Alternatives, the Jerusalem Institute for
Israel Studies, 2003; A Fence Around Jerusalem: the Construction of the Security
(Separation) Fence around Jerusalem (with Amnon Ramon), the Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies, 2004; The Israeli-Palestinian Violent Confrontation, 2000-2004:
the Transition from Conflict Resolution to Conflict Management (with Yaacov
Bar-Siman-Tov, Efraim Lavie and Daniel Bar-Tal), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel
Studies, 2005.
Amnon Ramon — Researcher at the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies and
Coordinator of Courses at Yad Ben-Zvi. His doctoral dissertation is devoted to
the topic of Israel-Church relations against the background of the Jerusalem holy
sites issue. His areas of expertise include Christianity and Jerusalem, the Temple
Mount and Jerusalem in the modern era. His publications include: Rehavia: a
Neighborhood in Jerusalem, Yad Ben-Zvi, 1998; Around the Holy City: Christian
Tourist Routes, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2000; The Jerusalem
Lexicon, the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2003 ; A Fence Around Jerusalem:
the Construction of the Security ( Separation ) Fence around Jerusalem (with Kobi
Michael), the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2004.
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my thanks to the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies
research staff, Dr. Maya Choshen, Dr. Kobi Michael, Reuven Merhav and Amnon
Ramon, who have worked with me in monitoring and analyzing issues related to
the construction of the security fence around Jerusalem since its inception.
A debt of gratitude is also due to the following:
Architect Yair Assaf-Shapira for producing the maps included in the book,
and research assistants Guy Galili and Shiri Bornstein, who helped process the
survey data;
Muhammad Nakhal who coordinated the field work for the survey of families
living outside Jerusalem which was conducted on behalf of the Jerusalem Institute
for Israel Studies;
Shoham Choshen and Alex Gilles for their translation of the responses from
Arabic to Hebrew;
Special thanks are due to Hamutal Appel for her work in producing and printing
the book.
My thanks to you all.
The Editor
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
Table of Contents
Introduction 9
The Operational Regime of the Security Fence Around Jerusalem:
Potential Implications for the City
Israel Kimhi 15
Implications of the Security Fence for Residents of the Arab Villages
Adjacent to Jerusalem
Israel Kimhi, Maya Choshen 31
Effects of the Security Fence on Palestinian Residents in the City
and in the Jerusalem Metropolitan Area
Israel Kimhi 67
The Christian Institutions and the Security Fence around Jerusalem
Amnon Ramon 119
Alternative Routes for the Security Fence around Jerusalem
Israel Kimhi 137
List of Maps
Map 1: The route of the security fence in the Jerusalem area 14
Map 2: The security fence and population distribution 22
Map 3: The fence and the Christian institutions in the Jerusalem area 126
Map 4: The demographic option 161
Map 5: The "fabric of life" option 168
Map 6: The metropolitan option 171
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ
Introduction
The articles in this collection address a number of issues connected with the security
fence in the Jerusalem region. The first article addresses the fence's impact on the
living conditions of East Jerusalem Arabs and its economic and social implications
for the city's entire population. The second article analyzes the changes in "fabric
of life" experienced by the families who reside in Palestinian villages that border
the security fence but are located outside of the boundaries of Jerusalem, in Judea
and Samaria. The third article examines the way in which the fence affects the
functioning of the Christian institutions located in proximity to it, and with the
issue of how the Christian world, with all of its diverse elements, regards the new
reality created by the fence. The last article presents various alternatives to the
route of the fence that is being built around Jerusalem, based on the assumption
that the current fence is not the final word and that one day a decision will be
made to alter its route, due to local urban reasons or as a result of negotiations
with the Palestinians and a diplomatic agreement regarding the future of Jerusalem.
The first three subjects have a common denominator: they all seek to assess
the effects of the security fence on the lives of the Arabs residing in or near
Jerusalem. The changes undergone are ones of lifestyle and of the utilization of
services that had traditionally been received from Jerusalem in the fields of
education, health, culture, religion, commerce and employment. The articles also
raise the question of how Jerusalem will function as a metropolitan area once the
security fence has separated it for the first time in history from its natural
"hinterlands" in Judea and Samaria.
The security fence has, in fact, already affected the lives of Jerusalem-area
Palestinians, and its impact on the state and status of the city will continue to be
felt in the following areas:
• The city's functional-regional status — Jerusalem will change from being a
central district city providing services to over half a million area residents, to
being an peripheral city serving a very limited metropolitan area, one which
includes only about 20% of all Jerusalem-area residents and which is populated
mainly by Jews.
9
לארשי רקחל םילשורי ןוכמל תורומש תויוכזה לכ