Table Of ContentThe SAGE Handbook of
Research in
International Education
‘This book is an excellent jump-off point for every scholar and student who aims to enter the fascinating and
highly controversial world of international education. With an impressive collection of world-leading scholars
contributing up-to-date conceptual and empiric chapters together with editorial framing of the future directions
and emerging trends, this is an essential guide to the field.’
Miri Yemini, School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Israel
‘Hayden, Levy and Thompson have constructed a unique resource for anyone involved or interested in
international education. Drawing on the collective wisdom of a virtual who’s-who in the area, the book
provides advice, insights and challenges for methodologists, applied researchers, graduate students and
international educators. If you’re interested in this increasingly important area, and we all should be, it’s
a must have.’
Allan Walker, Joseph Lau Chair Professor of International Educational Leadership,
Hong Kong Institute of Education
‘The updated and richly extended second edition is an essential resource for both researchers and practi-
tioners to grasp the globally increasing salience of international education—at ‘home’ and ‘abroad’—and
its take up via a growing set of research streams. Broad in scope and rich in analysis, the SAGE Handbook
of Research in International Education commendably achieves its purposes.’
Paul Tarc, Associate Professor in Education, Western University, Ontario
‘The revised Handbook is a “must have” for anyone remotely interested in international education, inter-
national schooling and the impacts of globalization and internationalisation on education. Internationally
renowned Hayden, Levy and Thompson, once again draw together the who’s who within the field to
provide a global snapshot of policy, practices and philosophies inherent in international education.
Educators across the globe should have this Handbook on their bookshelves as it offers a contemporary
and analytical view of what is a fast paced, ever-changing field of study. I look forward to embedding this
book within my postgraduate program.’
Susan Ledger, Director of Engagement, Professional Experience and International Education,
Murdoch University School of Education, Australia
‘The 2nd edition of the SAGE Handbook of Research in International Education is a welcomed and timely
contribution to the field. Additional chapters in intercultural competence, organizational development and
peace education as well as other significant revisions to the text continue to expand our views of the field and
the lens that we use to define, describe and capture international education. I recommend this as a foundational
text for graduate studies in international education as well as for K-12 schools and those exploring the field.’
Beverly D. Shaklee, Professor & Director, Center for International Education,
George Mason University, United States
‘Hayden, Levy and Thompson should again be congratulated for bringing together such a diverse range
of authors, not only increasing our understandings of research into international education, but providing
a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in a number of related fields.’
Richard Race, Senior Lecturer in Education in the School
of Education at Roehampton University
This volume is a very welcome update of the Handbook. Like the first edition, it offers a critical and analytical
interpretation of many of the big debates in international school education, from international-mindedness
to digital technology. These will be of interest to both teaching practitioners and academic researchers.
What the editors and contributors have succeeded in doing admirably is taking these debates forward into
the next decade, by raising issues which international schools must address. Such issues include educators’
roles in creating more socially inclusive societies, and the effects that a growing global elite and a neo-liberal
focus on education standards will have on school systems worldwide. International school teachers, PGCE
(International) students, and educational researchers will all find this volume a crucial and valuable text.
Lucy Cooker, Assistant Professor, Course Leader PGCEi, The University of Nottingham
The SAGE Handbook of
Research in
International Education
Second Edition
Edited by
Mary Hayden, Jack Levy
and Jeff Thompson
SAGE Publications Ltd Second edition © Mary Hayden, Jack Levy and Jeff Thompson 2015
1 Oliver’s Yard Chapter 1 © Robert Sylvester 2015 Chapter 23 © Fazal Rizvi 2015
55 City Road Chapter 2 © Ian Hill 2015 Chapter 24 © Cheryl Lynn
London EC1Y 1SP Chapter 3 © Terry Haywood 2015 Duckworth 2015
Chapter 4 © Konrad Gunesch Chapter 25 © Gillian MacNaughton
SAGE Publications Inc. 2015 and Dimity Peter 2015
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Thousand Oaks, California 91320 Chapter 6 © Boyd Roberts 2015 Andrew Davies and William
Chapter 7 © Harriet Marshall 2015 Gerritz 2015
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2015 Chapter 30 © Michael Fertig 2015
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3 Church Street Chapter 13 © Richard Pearce Chapter 32 © Robin Shields 2015
#10-04 Samsung Hub 2015 Chapter 33 © Dennis Niemann
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2015 Chapter 34 © Robert Harrison
Chapter 15 © Trevor Grimshaw 2015
2015 Chapter 35 © Bassel Akar and
Chapter 16 © Lucas Walsh 2015 Maria Ghosn-Chelala 2015
Chapter 17 Apostolos Chapter 36 © Silvina Gvirtz and
Koutropoulos and Alan Girelli Jason Beech 2015
Chapter 18 © Theo Wubbels 2015 Chapter 37 © Catherine Doherty
Chapter 19 © Jack Levy and and Julie McLaughlin 2015
Editor: Marianne Lagrange Rebecca Fox 2015 Chapter 38 © Wenfan Yan, Yumei
Editorial Assistant: Matthew Oldfield Chapter 20 © Iris van Werven 2015 Han and Yao Cai 2015
Production editor: Shikha Jain Chapter 21 © Perry den Brok and Chapter 39 © Moosung Lee and
Copyeditor: Elaine Leek Jan van Tartwijk 2015 Ewan Wright 2015
Proofreader: Dick Davis Chapter 22 © Tristan Bunnell 2015 Chapter 40 © Naoko Kakuta 2015
Indexer: Cathryn Pritchard
Marketing manager: Lucia Sweet
Cover design: Wendy Scott First edition published 2007, reprinted 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011
Typeset by: Cenveo Publisher Services Second edition first published 2015
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd,
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Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Notes on the Editors and Contributors xi
Acknowledgements xx
Introduction to the Second Edition 1
Mary Hayden, Jack Levy and Jeff Thompson
PART I HISTORICAL ROOTS, DEFINITIONS AND CURRENT
INTERPRETATIONS 11
1 Historical Resources for Research in International Education
(1851–1950) 13
Robert Sylvester
2 The History and Development of International Mindedness 28
Ian Hill
3 International Mindedness and Its Enemies 45
Terry Haywood
4 Cosmopolitanism and Cosmopolitan Cultural Identity as a Model
to Enrich International Education 59
Konrad Gunesch
5 International Mindedness and the Brain: The Difficulties
of ‘Becoming’ 73
Martin Skelton
6 Education for a Different World: How International Education
Responds to Change 88
Boyd Roberts
7 The Global Education Terminology Debate: Exploring Some of
the Issues 108
Harriet Marshall
8 International and Comparative Education: Boundaries,
Ambiguities and Synergies 122
Mark Bray
vi The SAGe hAndbook of ReSeARch in inTeRnATionAl educATion
9 International Education as an Ethical Issue 130
Rauni Räsänen
10 Voices from Abroad: A Contextual Approach to Educational
Research and Cultural Diversity 143
Michael Allan
11 Realism and Antirealism in International Education Research 158
James Cambridge
12 International Schools, Education and Globalization: Towards
a Research Agenda 172
Hugh Lauder
PART II INTERNATIONALISM IN THE CONTEXT OF
TEACHING AND LEARNING 183
13 Culture and Identity: A Method for Exploring Individuals
within Groups 185
Richard Pearce
14 Development and Assessment of Intercultural Competence 200
Kenneth Cushner
15 Critical Perspectives on Language in International Education 217
Trevor Grimshaw
16 The Tail Wagging the Dog? Emergent Trends and Drivers of
International Digital Education 233
Lucas Walsh
17 The Intersection of Learning, Globalization, and Technology:
Historical Perspectives and Future Outlooks 246
Apostolos Koutropoulos and Alan Girelli
18 A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Classroom Management 261
Theo Wubbels
19 Pre-service Teacher Preparation for International Settings 275
Jack Levy and Rebecca Fox
20 Preparing Globally Competent Teachers for the International
School Context 298
Iris van Werven
21 Teacher–Student Interpersonal Communication in International
Education 309
Perry den Brok and Jan van Tartwijk
Contents vii
22 International Schools and International Curricula: A Changing
Relationship 325
Tristan Bunnell
23 Internationalization of Curriculum: A Critical Perspective 337
Fazal Rizvi
24 International and Peace Education in the Twenty-first Century:
Acknowledging Differences, Optimizing Collaboration 351
Cheryl Lynn Duckworth
25 Social Inclusion: A Core Value of International Education 368
Gillian MacNaughton and Dimity Peter
PART III LEADERSHIP, STANDARDS AND QUALITY IN
INSITUTIONS AND SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION 383
26 Developing Learning-Focused International Schools: A Case Study
of Two Schools 385
Kevin Bartlett, Andrew Davies and William Gerritz
27 The Promotion of International Education in Formal Institutions:
Potential for Conflict? 406
Wilf Stout
28 Organizational Culture and School Leadership 417
Darlene Fisher
29 Fragmentation in Schools: A Micropolitical Discourse of Management,
Culture and Postmodern Society 433
Richard Caffyn
30 Quality Assurance in National and International Schools: Accreditation,
Authorization and Inspection 447
Michael Fertig
31 Investigating Educational Policy Transfer 464
David Phillips
32 Measurement and Isomorphism in International Education 477
Robin Shields
33 Monitoring Standards of Education Worldwide: PISA and
Its Consequences 488
Dennis Niemann and Kerstin Martens
viii The SAGe hAndbook of ReSeARch in inTeRnATionAl educATion
PART IV PROMOTING INTERNATIONALISM AND GLOBALIZATION IN
NATIONAL SYSTEMS: SOME CASE STUDIES 499
34 International Education in the USA and Canada: An Emerging
Community of Interest 501
Robert Harrison
35 Education for Cosmopolitan Citizenship in the Arab Region 518
Bassel Akar and Maria Ghosn-Chelala
36 The Internationalization of Education Policy in Latin America 541
Silvina Gvirtz and Jason Beech
37 Internationalizing School Curriculum in Australasia – as Niche,
by Test, or at Heart? 555
Catherine Doherty and Julie McLaughlin
38 Internationalization and Globalization in Chinese K–12 Schools
and University Education 569
Wenfan Yan, Yumei Han and Yao Cai
39 Elite Schools in International Education Markets in East Asia:
Emerging Patterns, Successes and Challenges 583
Moosung Lee and Ewan Wright
40 Teaching for the Earth or Teaching for the Nation? International
Education in Japan 598
Naoko Kakuta
Index 609
List of Figures
2.1 Traditional cultural differences between East and West 30
7.1 Political and ideological assumptions behind the varying world
studies programmes in the 1970s 114
7.2 Human rights education 116
7.3 Four global education influences upon UK schools today 117
10.1 Cultural borderlands – areas of cultural interaction 144
10.2 Nested contexts 154
21.1 The Model for Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour 312
21.2 The effect of ethnicity on students’ perceptions and
student outcomes 314
21.3 Student perceptions of teacher interpersonal profiles in
eight countries 317
26.1 International School of Brussels mission statement 387
26.2 The triple helix of learning 388
26.3 The eight human commonalities 388
26.4 The learning cycle 392
26.5 International School Bangkok’s Learning Scorecard 396
26.6 International School Bangkok’s vision, mission and definition
of learning 398
26.7 International School Bangkok’s School Improvement Focus
for 2014/15 399
26.8 Team learning goal protocol example 402
28.1 A model of elements of an effective organizational culture 420
31.1 Spectrum of educational transfer (Phillips and Ochs 2004b) 474
31.2 Foci of cross-national attraction (Ochs and Phillips 2002a, 2002b) 474
31.3 Four stages of educational borrowing (Phillips and Ochs
2003a, 2003b, 2004a, 2004b) 475
31.4 Filters in the policy borrowing process (Phillips and Ochs 2004b) 476
36.1 Private sector participation in total enrolments, primary level 546
36.2 Public enrolments versus NBI (unsatisfied basic needs) 547
38.1 Luhe International Academy curriculum system design 575
39.1 Comparison of annual growth rates between the IB schools and other
international schools in Asia 588
39.2 Annual Numbers of schools adopting the MYP across continents 589
