The SAGE dictionary of sports studies

305 Pages·2008·2.011 MB·English

by  Dominic Malcolm

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The SAGE Dictionary of Sports Studies
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The SAGE Dictionary of
Sports Studies
Dominic Malcolm
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© Dominic Malcolm 2008
First published 2008
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research
or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this
publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in
any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission
in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic
reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries
concerning reproduction outside those terms should be
sent to the publishers.
SAGE Publications Ltd
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London EC1Y 1SP
SAGE Publications Inc.
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SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2007922934

British Library Cataloguing in Publication data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-4129-0734-7
ISBN 978-1-4129-0735-4 (pbk)
Typeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd., Chennai, India
Printed on paper from sustainable resources
Printed in India at Replika Press Pvt. Ltd.
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Contents
List of contributors vii
List of abbreviations ix
Introduction xi
A 1
B 20
C 36
D 63
E 77
F 91
G 113
H 125

I 136
J 147
K 149
L 151
M 159
N 177
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CONTENTS
O 182
P 186
Q 204
R 208
S 221
T 260
U 268
V 270
W 273
X 277
Y 278
Name Index 280
Subject Index 284

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List of Contributors
Alan Bairner, Loughborough University, UK
John Bale, Aarhus Universitet, Denmark; Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
Celia Brackenridge, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
Susan Capel, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
Ben Carrington, University of Texas at Austin, US
Jay Coakley, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, US
Tim Crabbe, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Garry Crawford, University of Salford, UK
Mike Cronin, Boston College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
Paul Darby, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Northern Ireland
Peter Donnelly, University of Toronto, Canada

Simon Eassom, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
Chris Gratton, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
Ken Green, University of Chester, UK
Patricia Griffin, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, US
Allen Guttmann, Amherst College, Massachusetts, US
John D. Horne, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK
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THE SAGE DICTIONARY OF SPORTS STUDIES
Barrie Houlihan, Loughborough University, UK
P. David Howe, Loughborough University, UK
Martin Johnes, University of Wales, Swansea, Wales, UK
Tara Magdalinski, University of Queensland, Australia
Louise Mansfield, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
Andrew Parker, University of Warwick, UK
Dawn Penney, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Emma Rich, Loughborough University, UK
David Rowe, University of Western Sydney, Australia
Kimberly S. Schimmel, Kent State University, Ohio, US
Andy Smith, University of Chester, UK
Jennifer Smith Maguire, University of Leicester, UK
Nigel Thomas, Staffordshire University, UK
Ivan Waddington, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway;
University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland; University of Chester, UK
Mike Weed, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
Belinda Wheaton, University of Brighton, UK

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List of Abbreviations
AGIL adaption, goal attainment, integration and latency (or pattern
maintenance)
ATP Association of Tennis Professionals
BASEM British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine
BMI body-mass index
CARE Charlton Athletic Race Equality
CCCS Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
CCPR Central Council of Physical Recreation
CCT compulsory competitive tendering
CCTV closed-circuit television
CPSU Child Protection in Sport Unit
CSA child sexual abuse
DSO Direct Service Provider
EPO erythropoietin
FA Football Association
FARE Football Against Racism in Europe
FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association
FSA Football Supporters’ Association
GAA Gaelic Athletic Association
GCSE General Certificate of Education
HRE Health Related Exercise

HRPE Health-Related Physical Education
ICF International Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health
ICIDH International Classification of Impairment, Disability and
Handicap
IGB international governing body
IMUSA Independent Manchester United Supporters’ Association
IOC International Olympic Committee
ISA independent supporters’ association
ITE Initial Teacher Education