Table Of ContentThe Role of Nutrition
in Cardiometabolic
Health
Experimental, Clinical, and
Community-Based Evidence
Edited by
Abeer M. Mahmoud and Shane A. Phillips
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients
www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
The Role of Nutrition in
Cardiometabolic Health:
Experimental, Clinical, and
Community-Based Evidence
The Role of Nutrition in
Cardiometabolic Health:
Experimental, Clinical, and
Community-Based Evidence
Editors
AbeerM.Mahmoud
ShaneA.Phillips
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade•Manchester•Tokyo•Cluj•Tianjin
Editors
AbeerM.Mahmoud ShaneA.Phillips
UniversityofIllinoisatChicago UniversityofIllinoisatChicago
USA USA
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
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nutritionincardiometabolichealth).
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Contents
AbouttheEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Prefaceto”TheRoleofNutritioninCardiometabolicHealth: Experimental, Clinical, and
Community-BasedEvidence”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
AbeerM.Mahmoud,MarySzczurek,ChandraHassan,MarioMasrur,AntonioGangemiand
ShaneA.Phillips
VitaminDImprovesNitricOxide-DependentVasodilationinAdiposeTissueArteriolesfrom
BariatricSurgeryPatients
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2019,11,2521,doi:10.3390/nu11102521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Danielle Fernandes Vileigas, Cecı´lia Lume de Carvalho Marciano,
Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota, Se´rgio Luiz Borges de Souza, Paula Grippa Sant’Ana,
Katashi Okoshi, Carlos Roberto Padovani and Antonio Carlos Cicogna
Temporal Measures in Cardiac Structure and Function During the Development of Obesity
Induced by Different Types of Western Diet in a Rat Model
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,68,doi:10.3390/nu12010068 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Wesley K. Lefferts, Jacqueline A. Augustine, Nicole L. Spartano, William E. Hughes,
MatthewC.Babcock,BrigidK.HeenanandKevinS.Heffernan
Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on Aortic Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow, and
Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the ANCHORS
A-WHEYClinicalTrial
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,1054,doi:10.3390/nu12041054 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Kridsada Chareonrungrueangchai, Keerati Wongkawinwoot, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
andSirimonReutrakul
DietaryFactorsandRisksofCardiovascularDiseases:AnUmbrellaReview
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,1088,doi:10.3390/nu12041088 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Chueh-Lung Hwang, Christine Ranieri, Mary R. Szczurek, Assem M. Ellythy,
Ahmed Elokda, Abeer M. Mahmoud and Shane A. Phillips
The Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Macrovascular and Microvascular Endothelial
Function is Not Affected by the Provision of Caloric Restriction in Women with Obesity:
A Randomized Study
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,1649,doi:10.3390/nu12061649 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Mohamed Haloul, Smita Jagdish Vinjamuri, Dina Naquiallah,
Mohammed Imaduddin Mirza, Maryam Qureshi, Chandra Hassan, Mario Masrur,
Francesco M. Bianco, Patrice Frederick, Giulianotti P. Cristoforo, Antonio Gangemi,
Mohamed M. Ali, Shane A. Phillips and Abeer M. Mahmoud
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Low Folate and Vitamin B12 Are Associated with Vascular
Dysfunction and Impaired Nitric Oxide Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Patients
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,2014,doi:10.3390/nu12072014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
MarlenaM.Holter,MargotK.Chirikjian,DanielA.Briere,AdrianoMaida,KyleW.Sloop,
KristinaSchoonjansandBethanyP.Cummings
Compound18ImprovesGlucoseToleranceinaHepatocyteTGR5-dependentMannerinMice
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,2124,doi:10.3390/nu12072124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
v
Courtney A. Whalen, Floyd J. Mattie, Cristina Florindo, Bertrand van Zelst, Neil K. Huang,
Isabel Tavares de Almeida, Sandra G. Heil, Thomas Neuberger, A. Catharine Ross and
Rita Castro
No Effect of Diet-Induced Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia on Vascular Methylating Capacity,
Atherosclerosis Progression, and Specific Histone Methylation
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,2182,doi:10.3390/nu12082182 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
MarlenaM.Holter,MargotK.Chirikjian,VirajN.GovaniandBethanyP.Cummings
TGR5SignalinginHepaticMetabolicHealth
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,2598,doi:10.3390/nu12092598 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Omar Jamil, Raquel Gonzalez-Heredia, Pablo Quadri, Chandra Hassan, Mario Masrur,
Reed Berger, Karen Bernstein and Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,2896,doi:10.3390/nu12092896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Miche´l Strauss-Kruger, Ruan Kruger, Wayne Smith, Lebo F. Gafane-Matemane,
Gontse Mokwatsi, Wen Wei, Olga V. Fedorova and Aletta E. Schutte
The Cardiotonic Steroid Marinobufagenin Is a Predictor of Increased Left Ventricular Mass in
Obesity: The African-PREDICT Study
Reprintedfrom:Nutrients2020,12,3185,doi:10.3390/nu12103185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
vi
About the Editors
AbeerM.Mahmoud
AbeerM.Mahmoud,MD,PhD,isanAssistantProfessorintheDepartmentofMedicine,UIC.
ShereceivedherMDdegreeandtrainingasaPathologistfromAssiutUniversity,Egypt.Sheserved
asasurgicalpathologistatSouthEgyptCancerInstitute(2002–2008),beforerealizinghertruepassion
wasinbiomedicalresearch. SheearnedherPh.D.inPathology(CollegeofMedicine,UIC,2013),in
which she studied chemoprevention in prostate cancer. For her postdoctoral research (College of
AppliedHealthSciences, UIC,2013–2017), shestudiedthephysiologicalandmolecularoutcomes
of lifestyle interventions. She is funded by the National Institute of Health to study epigenetic
modificationsinmorbidlyobesepatientsandtheirimpactoncardiometabolicfunctions. Shealso
studiestheroleofadiposetissuesecretionsandexosomesindiabetes-associatedvasculardysfunction
andhasconductedseveralexerciseandnutritiontrialstomitigateobesity-anddiabetes-associated
co-morbidities.
ShaneA.Phillips
ShaneA.Phillips,PT,PhD,FAHA,isProfessorandAssociateHeadintheDepartmentofPhysical
TherapyattheUniversityofIllinoisinChicago.Phillipshasclinicalexpertiseinphysicaltherapyand
cardiovascularrehabilitation. HisPhDdegreeinphysiologywascompletedattheMedicalCollege
of Wisconsin, and he completed his post-doctoral training in Cardiovascular Medicine. He is the
Director of the Vascular Biology Laboratory in the College of Applied Health Sciences, where he
studiesobesity, hypertension, andthecontrolofbloodflowandresponsesofthemicrocirculation
to surgery, diet, and exercise interventions. His other research interests include the impact of
cardiovascularriskfactorssuchashighbloodpressure,alcohol,andhighcholesterolonmacro-and
microcirculatoryfunction.HislaboratoryisfundedbytheNationalInstituteofHealth.
vii
Preface to ”The Role of Nutrition in Cardiometabolic
Health: Experimental, Clinical, and
Community-Based Evidence”
Cardiometabolicdiseaseisamajorhealthandeconomicburdenworldwide,anditsprevalence
is expected to rise. Excess body fat, dyslipidemia, poor glucose metabolism, and elevated blood
pressurearejustafewofthemanycardiometabolicriskfactorsthatcanbeinfluencedbydiet.Asthe
ratesofthesefactorscontinuetorise,ahealthylifestylethatincludespropernutritionshouldbea
publichealthgoal.Inthisbook,renownedresearchersprovidecutting-edgescientificevaluationsof
theimpactsofdietandlifestyleoncardiometabolichealth.
This book contains 11 chapters which cover a wide range of topics, such as biological
mechanisms governing food intake, lifestyle and surgical approaches to weight loss, nutritional
aspectsforoptimalcardiometabolichealth,theassociationbetweenmacronutrients,micronutrients,
whole foods, and dietary patterns with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors. The
effects of vitamin D and low-carbohydrate diets on microvascular function in morbidly obese
people areaddressed inChapters 1and 2, respectively, whereasthe influence offat-based versus
sugar-based Western diets on cardiac remodeling is discussed in Chapter 3. The ANCHORS
A-WHEYandAfrican-PREDICTclinicaltrials,whichprovidedataonthecardiovasculareffectsof
supplements(wheyprotein)andmedicinaldrugs(marinobufagenin), arediscussedinChapters4
and5,respectively.Chapters6and7provideacomprehensivesummaryofthedietarycharacteristics
thatcontributetoanincreasedcardiovascularriskandmicronutrientdeficienciesfollowingvarious
modalitiesofbariatricsurgery. Chapters8and9coverhomocysteine, abyproductofone-carbon
metabolism,anditsepigeneticandvascularconsequencesinobesepeople. Finally,Chapters10and
11presentnewfindingsanda reviewoftheliteratureonthemechanismsbywhichthebile acid
receptor,TGR5,maintainsglucosehomeostasis.
Wearegratefultoallofthescientistsandresearcherswhocontributedtothisbook’sdiverse,
impactful, and insightful themes. We hope that this book will provide nutrition and healthcare
professionals with an authoritative summary of the present state of knowledge about the impact
ofdietoncardiometabolichealth.
AbeerM.MahmoudandShaneA.Phillips
Editors
ix
