The principles, construction, and application of pumping machinery (steam and water pressure) : with practical illustrations of engines and pumps applied to mining, town water supply, drainage of lands, etc. ; also economy and efficiency trials of pumping

389 Pages·2011·10.39 MB·English

by  Davey

THE
PRINCIPLES, CONSTRUCTION, AND APPLICATION
OF PUMPING MACHINERY
STANDARD ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS.
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HYDRAULIC POWER AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY,
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LONDON: CHAELES GRIFFIN & CO., LTD., EXETER STREET, STRAND.
THE
PRINCIPLES, CONSTRUCTION, AND
APPLICATION
OF
PUMPING MACHINERY
(STEAM A ND W A T ER PRESSURE)
With Practical Illustrations of Engines and Pumps applied to Mining,
To7vn Water Supply, Drainage of Lands, etc. ; also Economy
and Efficiency Trials of Pumping Machinery.
H E N RY D A V EY
MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS,
MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS,
F.G.S., ETC
WITH FRONTISPIECE, FIVE PLATES, AND
OVER 250 ILLUSTRATIONS.
LONDON:
CHARLES GRIFFIN & COMPANY, LIMITED,
EXETER STREET, STRAND.
1900.
[All Rights Reserved.]
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-7277-5250-5
© Thomas Telford Limited 2011
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imply that such statements and/or opinions are or reflect the
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PREFACE.
THE purpose of this book is to present the information in such a form
as will make it most useful to the practical engineer engaged in the
application of pumping machinery in mines and elsewhere, or in circum­
stances under which large quantities of water have to be dealt with.
A large number of illustrations are therefore given, which will fully
exemplify the best methods of procedure to be adopted in the general
run of cases, and also the modifications required to overcome the special
difficulties which are occasionally met with. In some of these special
cases the machinery was designed by myself. A considerable proportion
of the figures are reduced copies of the working drawings used in the
execution of various important undertakings.
The information on ' pit workJ is based on actual examples, and is
put in the form best adapted to the needs of the resident engineer.
In the chapter on steam engines, the term ' efficiency ratio' has been
adopted, as it allows of a comparison being made between what is actually
done and what is theoretically possible, although the absolute thermal
efficiency represents heat economy.
Types of machinery are described for the purpose of illustrating
general principles only, no account being taken of the modifications by
any particular individual.
I have to acknowledge the courtesy of the Institutions of Civil and of
Mechanical Engineers for allowing me to make the extracts which I have
taken from their Transactions, and my indebtedness to the authors who
have supplied me with accounts of engine trials, and other information.
HENRY DAVEY
May 1900.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
EARLY HISTORY OF PUMPING-ENGINES.
PAGE PAGE
Hero, ] Hornblower, . . 12
Savery, . 1 Lean, . 15
Newcomen, 5 Trevithick, 16
Francois, 7 Woolf, . 17
Beighton, 7 Grose, . 19
Watt, . 8 Sims, 20
Smeaton, . 10
CHAPTER II.
STEAM ENGINES (PUMPING).
Superheating, . . . .. 22 Standard of Comparison,. 25
Clearance, . . . .. 23 Efficiency Ratio, . . .. 29
Back Pressure, . . 23 Practical Use of the Ratio, 30
Incomplete Expansion, 24 Nordberg Company's Pumping-
Priming and Steam Pipe Radiation, 24 Engine, . . . .. 32
Frictional Losses, . . .. 25 Steam Distribution, 39
L e a k a g e , . . . . .. 25 Cornish Cycle Engines, . 42
CHAPTER III.
PUMPS AND PUMP VALVES.
Types of Pumps, . . .. 45 Three-throw Bucket Pump without
Bucket Pump, . . .. 45 Foot Valves, . . .. 49
Plunger Pump, . . .. 46 Pumps and Pump Valves, 50
Bucket and Plunger Pumps, 47 Pumps without Foot Valves, 51
Piston and Plunger Pumps, . 48 Pumps with Mechanically Con­
Double-acting Piston Box Pump, . 48 trolled Valves, 55
Double-acting Plunger Pumps, 49 Valves, 57
Three-throw Plunger and Bucket Speed of Pumps, . . .. 61
Pumps, . . . .. 49 Pump Displacement Diagrams, 62

TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX
CHAPTER X.
VALVE GEARS OF PUMPING-ENGINES.
PAGE PAGE
The Cornish Gear, . . . .179 Steam Pumps, 190
The Differential Valve Gear, . .182 Duplex Valve Gear, . . .191
Balancing Valve, . . .. 188 Cam Motion, 192
Rotative Engine Valve Gears, . . 189 Eccentric or Crank Motion, . .193
CHAPTER XL
WATER PRESSURE PUMPING-ENGINES.
Water Pressure Engines, . . .194 Inertia of Water Column and Pump
! Rods, 211
CHAPTER XII.
WATERWORKS ENGINES.
Town Water Supply, . . .216 Waterworks Engine, Widnes, . .234
Types of Waterworks Engines, . 218 Steam Distribution, . . . 238
Bore-hole Wells for Town Water Description, . . .. 238
Supply, 228 Steam Pumps, 240
CHAPTER XIII.
PUMPING-ENGINE ECONOMY AND TRIALS OF PUMPING MACHINERY.
Trials of Pumping-Engines, 242 Copenhagen Waterworks Pumping-
Waltham Abbey Pumping-Engine, . 243 Engine, . . . . . 253
Lea Bridge „ 245 Losses due to Working Conditions, . 254
)?
Wapping 246 Load Factor, . . . . .255
Liverpool Waterworks Pumping- Influence of Load and Speed on
Engine, . . . .. 248 Economy, 256
Hampton Pumping-Engine, 250
CHAPTER XIV.
CENTRIFUGAL AND OTHER LOW-LIFT PUMPS.
Low-Lift Pumps, . . .. 258 Experimental Data, . . . 268
The Scoop Wheel, . . . .258 Comparative Trials of Piston Pumps
Piston and Bucket Pumps, . .261 and Centrifugal Pumps, . . 270
Centrifugal Pump, . . . .261