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The Palgrave Handbook of Social Democracy in the
European Union
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The Palgrave Handbook of
Social Democracy in the
European Union
Edited by
Jean-Michel De Waele
Professor of Political Science, Dean of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
Fabien Escalona
Researcher in Political Science, Sciences Po Grenoble, France
and
Mathieu Vieira
Researcher in Political Science, Sciences Po Grenoble, France and
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
Palgrave
macmillan
Selection, introduction and editorial matter © Jean-Michel De Waele, Fabien
Escalona and Mathieu Vieira 2013
Remaining chapters © Respective authors 2013
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-29379-4
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2013 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries
ISBN 978-1-349-67119-9 ISBN 978-1-137-29380-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-29380-0
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the
country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures xi
Acknowledgments xii
Notes on Contributors xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
Part I Introduction
1 T he Unfinished History of the Social Democratic Family 3
Fabien Escalona, Mathieu Vieira and Jean-Michel De Waele
Part II Western Europe
2 A ustria 3 3
Anton Pelinka
3 B elgium 5 1
Pascal Delwit
4 C yprus 6 9
Hayriye Kahveci
5 D enmark 8 8
Jacob Christensen
6 F inland 107
Michel Hastings
7 F rance 127
Fabien Escalona and Mathieu Vieira
8 G ermany 1 63
Amandine Crespy
9 G reece 1 85
Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos
10 I reland 2 06
Michael Holmes
11 I taly 2 22
Gianfranco Pasquino
12 L uxembourg 244
Patrick Dumont, Raphaël Kies and Philippe Poirier
v
vi Contents
13 M alta 2 69
Michael Briguglio and Roderick Pace
14 N etherlands 287
Frans Becker, Gerrit Voerman and Joop van Holsteyn
15 P ortugal 3 09
Marco Lisi
16 S pain 3 31
Paul Kennedy
17 S weden 3 47
Dimitris Tsarouhas
18 U nited Kingdom 372
Florence Faucher
Part III Central and Eastern Europe
19 B ulgaria 401
Antony Todorov
20 C zech Republic 416
Michel Perottino and Martin Polášek
21 E stonia 4 34
Vello Pettai and Juhan Saharov
22 H ungary 452
Andràs Bíró-Nagy
23 L atvia 4 70
Jànis Ikstens
24 L ithuania 488
Algis Krupavičius
25 P oland 5 06
Anna Pacześniak
26 R omania 5 26
Sorina Soare
27 S lovakia 5 50
Darina Malová
28 S lovenia 5 75
Alenka Krašovec
Part IV Conclusion
29 S ocial Democrats Today: Tribe, Extended Family, or Club? 593
George Ross
Index 605
List of Tables
1.1 P arties studied, February 2013 5
2.1 S PÖ membership, 2002–9 3 6
2.2 S PÖ electoral results, 2002–9 38
2.3 S PÖ government participation, 1999–2012 38
2.4 Sociology of the SPÖ electorate, 2006 3 9
2.5 SPÖ congresses results, 2002–12 47
3.1 PS and SP.a membership, 1999–2010 57
3.2 Sociology of PS membership, 2005 58
3.3 P S and SP.a electoral results, 1999–2010 5 9
3.4 S ociology of the PS electorate, 2010 6 0
3.5 PS and SP.a government participation, 1999–2012 6 2
4.1 E DEK membership, 2001–8 7 5
4.2 E DEK electoral results, 2001–11 78
4.3 EDEK government participation, 2001–11 78
4.4 E DEK congresses results, 2000–12 83
5.1 S D membership, 2000–10 92
5.2 Sociology of SD membership, 2001 9 2
5.3 SD electoral results, 2001–11 9 3
5.4 S D government participation, 1993–2011 9 4
5.5 S ociology of the SD electorate, 2001–7 95
5.6 S D congress results, 2005 1 02
6.1 S DP membership, 2000–11 110
6.2 C omparison of the sociological profile of SDP MPs
elected in 2011 1 11
6.3 S DP electoral results, 1999–2011 113
6.4 Sociology of the SDP electorate, 2003 1 15
6.5 S DP government participation, 1999–2011 116
7.1 PS membership, 2000–12 135
7.2 Sociology of PS membership, 1998–2011 1 36
7.3 PS government participation, 1997–2012 138
7.4 P S electoral results, 2002–12 1 39
7.5 The PS vote according to the size of
municipalities, 2002–12 1 41
7.6 S ociology of the PS electorate, 2002–12 142
7.7 PS congresses results, 2000–5 153
7.8 PS primaries results, 2006–11 1 55
7.9 PS congresses results, 2008–12 156
vii
viii List of Tables
8.1 S PD membership, 2002–11 166
8.2 S ociology of SPD membership, 2002–9 1 66
8.3 S PD electoral results, 2002–9 168
8.4 Sociology of the SPD electorate, 2002–5 1 69
8.5 S PD government participation, 1998–2013 170
9.1 PASOK membership, 2001–9 189
9.2 Occupational profile of party cadres: distribution of
PASOK’s Central Committee (2001) and National
Council (2005) members into occupational categories 189
9.3 PASOK electoral results, 2000–12 190
9.4 P ASOK government participation, 2000–12 190
9.5 Sociology of the PASOK electorate, 2004–12 1 91
9.6 E lections of PASOK leader, 2001–12 1 99
10.1 L abour membership, 2001–12 208
10.2 Labour sociology of membership, 2012 2 08
10.3 Labour electoral results, 2000–12 2 10
10.4 Labour government participation, 1997–2012 210
10.5 S ociology of the Labour electorate, 2002–6 211
10.6 Labour conference results, 2011 2 17
11.1 PD membership, 2000–11 225
11.2 Sociology of the PD sympathizers, 2009 2 26
11.3 P D electoral results, 2001–9 231
11.4 P D government participation, 2001–13 2 33
11.5 Sociology of the PD electorate, 2008 2 34
11.6 P D congresses results, 2007–9 238
12.1 L SAP membership, 2000–12 251
12.2 L SAP electoral results, 2004–9 2 53
12.3 L SAP government participation, 1999–2012 2 54
12.4 Sociology of the LSAP electorate, 2004–9 255
13.1 L abour electoral results, 2003–9 275
13.2 Labour government participation, 2000–13 2 75
13.3 Voting intentions before the 2008 election 2 76
13.4 Labour supporters’ sociological profile, 2012 2 77
14.1 P vdA membership, 2000–12 290
14.2 S ociology of PvdA membership, 1999–2008 291
14.3 PvdA electoral results, 2002–12 2 93
14.4 PvdA government participation, 1998–2012 294
14.5 S ociology of the PvdA electorate, 2002–10 2 96
15.1 P S membership, 2000–11 314
15.2 Sociology of PS membership, 2003 3 15
15.3 PS electoral results, 2001–11 316
15.4 PS government participation, 1999–2011 317
List of Tables ix
15.5 S ociology of the PS electorate, 2002 3 19
15.6 PS congresses results, 2001–11 325
16.1 PSOE membership, 2000–11 3 34
16.2 Detailed PSOE membership, September 2011 335
16.3 PSOE sociology of membership, September 2011 335
16.4 PSOE electoral results, 2000–11 3 36
16.5 P SOE government participation, 2000–12 3 37
17.1 SAP membership, 2001–11 354
17.2 SAP electoral results, 2002–10 3 55
17.3 SAP government participation, 1998–2010 3 55
18.1 Labour membership, 1997–2010 3 79
18.2 Sociology of Labour membership, 2008 380
18.3 Sociology of the Parliamentary Labour Party, 1992–2010 382
18.4 L abour electoral results, 1997–2010 3 84
18.5 L abour government participation, 1997–2012 385
18.6 S ociology of the Labour electorate, 1997–2010 385
18.7 Main trade unions affiliated to the Labour and their
leaders in 2012 387
19.1 BSP membership, 2002–11 406
19.2 BSP sociology of membership, 2011 4 06
19.3 BSP electoral results, 2001–9 408
19.4 B SP government participation, 1997–2012 4 09
19.5 S ociology of the BSP electorate, 2012 409
20.1 ČSSD membership, 2000–10 4 20
20.2 S ociology of ČSSD membership, 2002–10 421
20.3 ČSSD electoral results, 2002–10 424
20.4 Č SSD government participation, 1998–2012 4 24
20.5 ČSSD congress results, 2001–12 430
21.1 SDE party membership, 2002–12 4 40
21.2 SDE sociology of membership, 2002–12 440
21.3 SDE electoral results, 1999–2011 4 41
21.4 S DE government participation, 2000–12 4 42
21.5 Sociology of the SDE electorate, 2007–11 4 43
21.6 S DE congresses results, 2002–12 4 48
22.1 M SZP membership, 2000–11 4 57
22.2 S ociology of MSZP membership, 2000–11 4 57
22.3 MSZP electoral results, 2000–12 4 58
22.4 MSZP government participation, 2000–12 459
22.5 S ociology of the MSZP electorate, 2011 4 60
22.6 MSZP congresses results, 2000–12 4 65
23.1 LSDSP membership, 2002–12 4 74
23.2 Estimated educational level of LSDSP members, 2011 4 75
