The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology

795 Pages·2009·5.35 MB·English

by  Peter Hedström

the oxford handbook of
ANALYTICAL
SOCIOLOGY
This page intentionally left blank
the oxford handbook of
.......................................................................................................................
ANALYTICAL
SOCIOLOGY
.......................................................................................................................
Editedby
PETER HEDSTRÖM
and
PETER BEARMAN
1
3
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp
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TheOxfordhandbookofanalyticalsociology/editedby
PeterHedströmandPeterBearman.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN 978–0–19–921536–2
1. Sociology. 2. Sociology–Philosophy.
I. Hedström,Peter. II. Bearman,Peter.
HM585.0984 2009
301–dc22 2009013905
TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India
PrintedinGreatBritain
onacid-freepaperby
CPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,Wiltshire
ISBN 978–0–19–921536–2
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
cknowledgments
A
....................................................................
This book would not have come into existence without the generous support of
severalindividualsandinstitutions.WewishtothankFletcherHaulleyatColumbia
forhismanagerialandeditorialworkandforhiscarefulattentiontodetail.Wealso
wanttothanktheYaleSchoolofManagementfororganizingoneoftheworkshops
atwhichdraftsofthechapterswerepresented,theparticipantsattheseworkshops
fortheirvaluablecomments,andtheRockefellerFoundation’sBellagioCenterfor
providingpeaceandtranquilityatacriticaljuncture.Finallywewanttothankour
home institutions—the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy at
ColumbiaandNuffieldCollegeatOxford—forpartialfunding,andDominicByatt
at Oxford University Press for the detailed feedback we have received from him
throughouttheproject.
ontents
C
....................................
ListofFigures ix
ListofTables xii
AbouttheContributors xiv
PART I FOUNDATIONS
1. WhatisAnalyticalSociologyAllAbout?AnIntroductoryEssay 3
PeterHedström and PeterBearman
2. AnalyticalSociologyandTheoriesoftheMiddleRange 25
PeterHedström and LarsUdehn
PART II SOCIAL COGS AND WHEELS
3. Emotions 51
JonElster
4. Beliefs 72
JensRydgren
5. Preferences 94
JeremyFreese
6. Opportunities 115
TrondPetersen
7. Heuristics 140
DanielG.Goldstein
8. Signaling 168
DiegoGambetta
9. Norms 195
JonElster
contents vii
10. Trust 218
KarenS.Cook and AlexandraGerbasi
PART III SOCIAL DYNAMICS
11. SocialDynamicsfromtheBottomUp:Agent-basedModels
ofSocialInteraction 245
MichaelMacy and AndreasFlache
12. SegregationDynamics 269
ElizabethBruch and RobertMare
13. Self-FulfillingProphecies 294
MichaelBiggs
14. SocialInfluence:ThePuzzlingNatureofSuccessin
CulturalMarkets 315
MatthewJ.Salganik and DuncanJ.Watts
15. TheContagiousnessofDivorce 342
YvonneÅberg
16. Matching 365
KatherineStovel and ChristineFountain
17. CollectiveAction 391
DeliaBaldassarri
18. ConditionalChoice 419
MeredithRolfe
19. NetworkDynamics 447
JamesMoody
20. ThresholdModelsofSocialInfluence 475
DuncanJ.Watts and PeterDodds
21. TimeandScheduling 498
ChristopherWinship
22. HomophilyandtheFocusedOrganizationofTies 521
ScottFeld and BernardGrofman
23. Status 544
JoelPodolny and FredaLynn
viii contents
24. DominanceHierarchies 566
IvanChase and W.BrentLindquist
25. Conflict 592
StathisKalyvas
PART IV PERSPECTIVES FROM OTHER FIELDS
AND APPROACHES
26. GameTheory 619
RichardBreen
27. Experiments 639
IrisBohnet
28. Surveys 666
HannahBrückner
29. AnalyticEthnography 688
DianeVaughan
30. HistoricalSociology 712
KarenBarkey
NameIndex 734
SubjectIndex 751
ist of igures
L F
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1.1Micro–macrorelationsassuperveniencerelations 10
1.2Macrodynamicsfromasupervenienceperspective 11
1.3Individualpreferencesandneighborhoodsegregation 13
1.4ThestructureofasexualnetworkinanAmericanhighschool 15
2.1Generality,isolation,andthedefiningcharacteristicsof
middle-rangetheories 29
2.2Coleman’smicro–macroscheme 33
2.3JonElster’stwo-filtermodel 34
2.4AnalyticaldistinctionsintroducedinMerton’sanalysisofthe
unanticipatedconsequencesofsocialaction 35
2.5Thelogicofself-fulfillingpropheciesandMattheweffects 39
3.1Thestandardmodelofrationalchoice 53
3.2Amodelofemotionalchoice 56
3.3Theultimatumgame 60
3.4Patternsofdecayofemotion 61
3.5Causesof‘short-termism’ 69
7.1Threesiblings’responsestoatestonthehundredlargestcities
inGermany 147
7.2AccuracyofthedecisionrulestestedbyCzerlinski,Goldstein,and
Gigerenzer(1999)infittingversusprediction 154
7.3Distributionofknowledgeina‘hiddenprofile’scenario 157
7.4IndividualandsociallearningasmodeledbyToddandDieckmann
(2005)andGarcia-Retamero,Takezawa,andGigerenzer(2006) 161
7.5Correctinferencesundervarioussociallearningrulesaftera
hundredpairedcomparisons 162
8.1Asignalingmodelinwhichtwosignalersfacedifferentcoststoemit
thesamesignalintensity(afterJohnstone1997) 176
8.2Asignalingmodelinwhichtwosignalersobtaindifferentbenefits
fromthesamereceiver’sresponse(afterJohnstone1997) 178
8.3Genealogyofsignalingtheory 187