Table Of ContentGrace Theological Journal 3.2 (1982) 261-86
Copyright © 1982 by Grace Theological Seminary. Cited with permission.
THE OVERCOMER OF
THE APOCALYPSE
JAMES E. ROSSCUP
The problem of the identity of the "overcomer" in the book of
Revelation has resulted in a multiplicity of interpretations. Interest in
this issue has been heightened by a number of recent publications.
However, only the view that all genuine believers are "overcomers,"
not only those who are "more victorious" in their Christian living,
does justice to all the evidence. Thus, erroneous ideas of what it
means to be an "overcomer" must be refuted. Maintaining the
viewpoint that all true believers are "overcomers" also involves a
defense of the doctrines of eternal security and of the perseverance of
the saints.
* * *
IN Revelation 2-3, Christ addresses seven historical churches of
Asia in which he discerns certain spiritual conditions. Similar
conditions recur in churches that claim his name down through the
centuries. In a letter to each of the seven churches he promises a
specific blessing to every person who overcomes (nika<w, "to over-
come," "be victor"). It is profitable to inquire into the nature of the
blessing (reward) for overcoming, but the main purpose in this article
is to address one question: who is the overcomer who receives the
reward?
A SURVEY OF MAIN VIEWS
The leading interpretations are:
A saved person who retains salvation, which some forfeit
Those persuaded to this view often hold that all seven promises
pertain only to that number among the saved who finally prove
262 GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
faithful, whether or not their commitment reaches martyrdom. In this
interpretation, some who once were truly saved do not persevere; they
forfeit the privilege of ever receiving the final reward, understood as
eternal salvation, which Christ promises the overcomer.1 A variation,
however, is the position of Kiddle. He sees the overcomer as especially
the martyr in all seven letters, and limits him only to the martyr in
two cases.2
A saved person who conquers, distinguished from a defeated
Christian
This interpretation is to the effect that the overcomer is only the
more victorious believer, so only such a one will receive the rewards
Christ promises. The saved person with much unfaithfulness mingled
with some fruit in his life will still remain saved eternally. He stands
simply to fail to gain aspects of reward that are held to be distinct
from salvation, blessings sometimes claimed to be in addition to
salvation,3 which Christ assures to the overcomer. Evidence for the
1 Guy Duty, If Ye Continue (Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1966), 148-55; G. H.
Lang, The Revelation of Jesus Christ (London: Oliphants, Ltd., 1945), 91-108,
especially 91-93; Robert Shank, Life in the Son (Springfield, Missouri: Westcott
Publishers, 1961), 337.
2 Martin Kiddle, The Revelation of St. John (Moffatt NTC; London: Hodder and
Stoughton, 1963). Kiddle's two cases are Rev 2:26-28 (p. 42) and 3:21 with 20:4, 5
(p. 63). Only the martyr, having been fully proved and having fully proved his
faithfulness, is assured "beyond any shadow of uncertainty" as to his immortality
(p. 46; cf. also p. 62). Five of the promises are not alone to the martyr but to all the
faithful among the saved. For example, all whose names are found in the Book of Life
in the Day of Judgment are admitted into the New Jerusalem (2:7; 21:27; 22:2, p. 62).
But the saved who do not persevere lose the "citizenship of the heavenly society" (p. 45;
also 55), for they can yet be erased from the book (3:5; p. 62). The two cases Kiddle
limits only to martyrs probably should not be so restricted. The promise of ruling with
Christ (2:26-28; 3:21; 20:4, 5) seems to be a prospect for all of those among the saved,
without excluding some (5:9, 10; 22:5). So 5:9, 10 and 22:5 expand on 20:4, 5. An
analogy is the crown of life, promised to those faithful unto death (2: 10). It is elsewhere
assured to all who endure testing, without specifying unto death (James 1:12). Rev 2:10
can hold up the bright promise as a powerfully relevant encouragement in the crisis of
martyrdom since Smyrna was one place where death was especially a peril for the
saved. To be reminded of "life" which would overcome a martyr's death would be
particularly meaningful when death could be so imminent. I. Howard Marshall, in
evaluating and showing weaknesses of Kiddle's conception, argues rightly that blessings
Christ promises the overcomer in Revelation 2-3 he pledges to all the redeemed in
other passages of the Apocalypse (Kept By the Power of God [Minneapolis: Bethany
Fellowship, 1975], 453-54, n. 3).
3 Donald G. Barnhouse, Messages to the Seven Churches (Philadelphia: Eternity
Book Service, 1953). He reasons that eating from the tree of life (2:7) is for only some
of the saved, a blessing "in addition to salvation" (p. 38); the crown of life is only for
"the select few whom He chooses to suffer with Him, even unto physical death," or
ROSSCUP: THE OVERCOMER OF THE APOCALYPSE 263
third view, while not exhaustive, will hopefully show that this concep-
tion does not adequately account for the biblical testimony.
Every saved person
All of the genuinely saved will turn out to be overcomers and
receive the reward Christ promises them.4 When Scripture is properly
correlated, it supports this view. Considerations that point in this
direction now follow.
SUPPORT FOR THE THIRD VIEW
1. 1 John 5:4, 5 more naturally favors this explanation. Verse 4
says that whatever has been born of God overcomes the world. The
key to being born of God is believing that Jesus is the Messiah (v 1).
The key to overcoming, whether in this rebirth or in matters that
follow, is faith (v 4b). Every person who believes that Jesus is the Son
of God is an overcomer (v 5), just as everyone who believes that Jesus
is the Messiah has been born of God (v 1). Believing in Jesus as the
Messiah and as Son of God appears also in John 20:30, 31. There,
those who believe have life (cf. 1 John 5:10, 11, 13). And in John 20
as well as 1 John 5, the assertions embrace every saved person.
Verse 4 shows that John is not claiming that the person by virtue
of what he is in himself automatically is able to overcome. The power
within him, the dynamic of God's life, is what overcomes. "Whatever
is born of God" features the neuter gender, and draws attention to the
those otherwise faithful (2:10; James 1:12, p. 47). Cf. also p. 84. Barnhouse, discussing
some of the seven promises, does not follow through with remarks that suggest any
such distinction, but expounds the aspects of reward just as if he thinks they are
blessings all the saved will receive. This poses a question as to his consistency (cf. 2: 17;
pp. 56-57; 3:5, pp. 74-75; 3:21, pp. 94-95). Or, Barnhouse simply does not comment,
as in the promise of not being hurt by the second death (2:11, p. 47). Cf. for this view
also several master's theses at Dallas Theological Seminary: Ralph D. Richardson,
"The Johannine Doctrine of Victory," 1955, pp. 20-29; R. R. Benedict, "The Use of
Nikao in the Letters to the Seven Churches of Revelation," 1966, p. 13; Wm. R. Ross,
Jr., "An Analysis of the Rewards and Judgments in Revelation 2 and 3," 1971, p. 20;
Harlan D. Betz, "The Nature of Rewards at the Judgment Seat of Christ," 1974,
pp. 36-45.
4 L. S. Chafer, Systematic Theology (Dallas: Dallas Seminary Press, 1948),3.306;
W. Robert Cook, The Theology of John (Chicago: Moody, 1979), 173-83; R. E.
Manahan, “'Overcomes the World'-1 John 5:4," M.Div. Thesis (Winona Lake,
Indiana: Grace Theological Seminary, 1970), 38, 39; for a longer categorizing of views,
cf. 28-43; William Newell, The Book of Revelation (Chicago: Moody, 1935), 42, 52,
339; John R. W. Stott, What Christ Thinks of the Church (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,
1958), 97f., 118-25; Lehman Strauss, The Book of the Revelation (Neptune, New
Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, 1964), 108; John F. Walvoord, The Revelation of Jesus
Christ (Chicago: Moody, 1966), 59 (2:7) and 98-99 (3:20).
264 GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
very principle of overcoming "in its most general and abstract form.”5
It lays special focus on the victorious power, not the person himself.
But in v 5 the focus turns to "the person who overcomes the world."
God himself is the resource of victory as in 4:4: "You...have
overcome them; because greater is he who is in you than he who is in
the world" (cf. Christ as overcomer in John 16:33; Rev 5:5; 17:14).
In v 4, literally, "For whatever has been born and is born of God
(perfect tense) overcomes (present tense) the world." John adds: "and
this is the victory that has overcome (nikh<sasa) the world—our
faith." The aorist can refer back to a definite act of victory over the
world by faith at conversion, or any past resolute act or trend of
rejecting error in doctrine after conversion (I John 4:4), or a past
by-faith life-style of having overcome the world gathered up as a
whole, and, of course, including the other instances of overcoming
(cf. e@gnw in 4:8). The last appears more probable in view of the
perfect tense for being born, a fact that still stands true, and the
present tense for a customary pattern preceding the aorist in v 4.
Verse 5 goes on to utilize present tenses, quite plausibly cus-
tomary or iterative presents, to denote the general overall pattern of
overcoming for the Christian who believes in an ongoing sense (v I,
pisteuw, present tense) that Jesus is the Son of God. Later, in
Revelation 2-3, "he who overcomes" is virtually the same as "he who
believes." As Robertson says: "...nikao [is] a common Johannine
verb....Faith is dominant in Paul, victory in John, faith is victory
(1 John 5:4).”(6) John also uses the present tense of nika<w in Revelation
2-3, suggesting that continuing victory is characteristic of the saved
just as continuing faith is (1 John 5:1).
Does every saved person in fact overcome in the Christian
struggle? In the biblical sense, yes. The context emphasizes attitudes
of commitment that continue. For example, "whoever loves (v 1b,
present tense) the Father who begets loves (present tense) the one
begotten by him," i.e., another saved person. Verses 2 and 3 stress
that Christians manifest their love by love for God and obeying him.
This obedience is not an irksome burden. The "for" which connects
v 4 with v 3 links overcoming in v 4 with obedience through love in
the Christian life that follows one's initial act of faith and his new
birth. A distinction between two genuine Christians would not be that
one overcomes the world in the present tense way that John means
and the other does not. Rather, both overcome though one may
overcome to a richer, more thorough degree than another. And any
Christian might overcome to a further degree as he matures in Christ.
5 Stott, 174.
6 A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures in The New Testament (Nashville: Broadman, 1930),
6.300.
ROSSCUP: THE OVERCOMER OF THE APOCALYPSE 265
2. 1 John 4:4 shows that the "little children" have "overcome
them," i.e., every spirit of antichrist in the world. "Children" (te<kna)
and "little children" (te<knia) are common Johannine words for all
believers. In 1 John, these words refer to all of the saved except for
"children" of Satan (3:10) and possibly in 2:12.7 Most instances
definitely mean all of the saved (2: 1, 28; 3:1, 2, 7, 10, 18; 4:4; 5:2, 21).
God's power is the resource for overcoming; as John claims:
"greater is he who is in you than he who is in the world" (4:4b).
Reasonably, "you" finally applies to all of the saved, in that the
resource of the Lord being greater is not limited to a special class
among the saved. The contrast is between the saved—all of them—
and those of the world.
3. Rev 21:7 refers to any saved person. "He who overcomes shall
inherit these things." The context conveys the natural impression that
blessings the overcomer inherits are for any saved person. God shall
dwell among his people (v 3); he wipes away every tear (v 4); there is
no death, mourning, crying or pain (v 4); he makes all things new
(v 5). The passage distinguishes most naturally between only two
broad classes. If an interpreter claims he finds a third group, he reads
it in from a preconceived system, not from a natural exegesis of what
the text says. First, the text refers to the person who overcomes,
inherits, and is a son of God (v 7). Then, it immediately contrasts
those clearly unsaved, cowardly, unbelieving, who are not inheritors
of the city but inhabitants of the lake of fire (v 8). The same contrast
between two categories of people appears in these climactic verses
(21:27; 22:11, 14, 15). In 21:27, all whose names are in the Lamb's
book of life are marked off from any person who is "unclean" and
"who practices abomination and lying." Those in the Lamb's book
apparently have practiced a clean, godly life since being saved (cf. 3:4,
5; 19:8; also cf. Titus 2:11ff.). That involves overcoming, though
saints can differ in their degree of overcoming and in the suitable
degree of reward!
So it appears that, in distinction to the unsaved, John means that
"he who overcomes" is any saved person. He is not one of a special
class among the saved, a spiritual victor in contrast to a saint who is
supposedly not a victor.
7In 2:12 the word possibly refers to the same group as paidi<a in v 14. If so, John
addresses the believers by three designations in the same order, 1-2-3, 1-2-3. In v 18,
paidi<a seems to mean all the believers. If tekni<a in v 12 means all the born again, it of
course would fit well with our view in 4:4. Even if it distinguishes one group among the
born again, the recent converts (a sense different from its usage in the rest of 1 John), it
would not actually detract from our view. This is because tekni<a has well-established
reference to all the born again everywhere else in 1 John (except 3:10). And 4:4 appears
to bear this sense.
266 GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
4. The overall concept in 1 John gives one confidence that John
thinks of all who are born of God as overcomers. Real obedience can
assure one that he indeed knows Christ (2:4). A person who hates a
brother in that pervasive, continuing pattern that John's present tense
embraces in a sweep is not a bona fide Christian. He never was, for
John carefully tells us that he "is in darkness until now [or even now,
i.e., he is still there]" (2:9). John does not say that he is in darkness in
some particular experience of the moment only. Later, not only some
of the saved but "every one" who has his hope in Christ purifies
himself as Christ is pure (3:3; cf. Titus 2:11ff.). He does that in the
dynamic of faith which overcomes (5:4, 5), enabled by the One within
him (4:4b). Faith sets the desire at work within him to be like his
Savior. At the same time, "anyone" who does not practice righteous-
ness in the present tense way is not of God (3:10).
John insists that in "every one" who is a Christian there will
emerge distinct characteristics of an authentically overcoming life.
These are characteristics such as obedience, loving a brother, purify-
ing the life, practicing righteousness, and being kept from the evil one
(cf. 5:18). The frequent present tense suggests an overall trend of life.
This is not a set, static mold but dynamic. It allows for growth; it
does not denote absolute, sinless perfection now! In fact, while John
insists on marks of a Christian life-style for one who has eternal life,
and even boldly claims that one who is born of God does not sin,8 he
8 This may be variously explained. Zane Hodges relates 3:6, 9 to the saved "when
he is viewed only as 'abiding' or as one who is 'born of God.' That is, sin is never the
product of our abiding experience... of the regenerate self per se.” He adduces
Rom 7:20-25; Paul sins, yet can say "It is no longer I that do it" (The Gospel Under
Siege: A Study on Faith and Works [Dallas: Redencion Viva, 1981], 60), H. Bonar
argues that "cannot" (as 3:6) need not deny absolutely that a thing can occur but that it
is "wholly against the nature of things," e.g., Matt 7: 18, "a good tree cannot bring forth
evil fruit" contrary to its nature, though it sometimes does; Mark 2:19, men "cannot"
fast while the Bridegroom is with them; it is incongruous and unnatural; Luke 11:7b;
14:20; John 7:7; 8:43, etc. (God's Way of Holiness [Chicago: Moody, (n.d.)], 99;
similarly, though arguing differently, R. E. O. White, An Open Letter to Evangelicals
[Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964],86). I.H. Marshall refers 3:6, 9 to what the Christian
ought to be, his ideal character, free from sin insofar as he abides; it is an eschatological
fact, conditioned on "if he lives in Christ" (The Epistles of John [Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1978], 180-84). Cf, John R. W. Stott's arguments against an ideal view (The
Epistles of John [Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964], 132-34), Stott himself favors a
common view that the present tenses refer to sin as an overall, habitual pattern without
the victory that Christ gives when he is within (pp, 131-32). C. C. Ryrie, a colleague of
Hodges, inclines to this view ("The First Epistle of John," The Wycliffe Bible
Commentary, ed. C. Pfeiffer and E. F. Harrison (Chicago: Moody, 1962), 1473;
similarly Leon Morris, "1 John, 2 John, 3 John," New Bible Commentary: Revised
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1970), 1265; A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures in The New
Testament (Nashville: Broadman, 1933), 6.222. Sin as a pattern also appears to be in
ROSSCUP: THE OVERCOMER OF THE APOCALYPSE 267
is aware that acts of sin can break into the experience of real
Christians (1:9, 2:1, aorist tense twice; 3:3, implied possibility). But,
while aggressive for a godly life-style, he shows that God in Christ has
graciously made provision to forgive and cleanse sin when the one
born of God does falter (1:7, 9; 2:1, 2).
5. If in Revelation 2-3 God will admit some saved persons into
eternal blessing but not the aspects of reward meant for the over-
comer, these chapters never spell out what their aspects of blessing
will be. The curtain of silence drawn on a distinguishable future for a
non-overcoming group of the saved provokes a serious question.
Does such a saved group, which is to gain some reward distinct in its
essential nature from that of committed believers, in fact exist?
The rest of the Book of Revelation does not mark off such a
group in a convincingly recognizable way. A multitude of overcomers
in 15:2 partake of certain privileges beyond this life. If some of the
saved in heaven have not overcome, God never definitely distinguishes
them as being in a special category and extends them any encourage-
ment, such as "You at least have eternal life; you will dwell in the
presence of the Lord forever." The book nowhere identifies any saved
who enter into any kind of ultimate blessing except those naturally
understood as overcomers, who are marked by obedience to the
Word of God (as 3:8, 10; 6:9; 12:11; 13:8; 14:9-12; 22:7, 9, 11).
Passages which say directly that eternal life is free (1:5; 7:14, 21:6;
22:14, 17) are no exception to this. They can be grasped in relation to
their contexts, rather than misconstrued in isolation or in inept cor-
relations with other texts. Other verses in the contexts nearby usually
refer to the life-style that the people of faith live, which manifests the
faith that received the gift and works in channels of committed love,
as in Gal 5:6 (22:7, 9, 11, 12). In 21:6, access to the water of life is
"without cost." Yet in 7:9, 15-18 access to the springs of the water of
life is a blessing after the saints wash their robes in Christ's blood and
view in Gal 5:21, where it can keep a man from inheriting God's kingdom in that it
reflects lack of faith that works through love (5:6). John Murray relates 1 John 3:6, 9
to the sin of rejecting Christ, denying that he has come in the flesh, that he is the Son
of God, a specific sin as in certain other texts (John 9:41; 15:22; 1 John 4:2, 3; 5:1, etc.)
("Definitive Sanctification," Calvin Theological Journal 21 [1967] 10-13). Murray,
however, does not sufficiently explain the present tense, which John uses often in
contrasts between godly aspects and sins in general, such as loving or not loving
(cf., for example, often in 3:4-10 which contrasts sons of God and sons of the devil, as
compared with the aorist tense twice in 2:1).
Sin sometimes does not appear to be the specific sin Murray has in mind. Any of
the above views is compatible with the concept that every saved person is an
overcomer. At this juncture it appears best to see true elements in each view but agree
most fully with Ryrie and Stott; to argue sufficiently would demand another article,
but cf. Stott's rather detailed reasoning.
268 GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
come out of great tribulation. The saints involved indeed "paid the
price" in terms of commitment that lived out faith, being true to
Christ's cause; but they did not pay any "cost" in the sense of earning
or meriting access to that water of life! Jesus paid it all by his blood
(7:14)!
NT passages outside the Apocalypse refer to all of the saved in
terms which classify them as victors in other ways. So they are
plausibly victors in their life-styles as well, in some vital degree. Paul
sees all the saved as victors over death (1 Cor 15:54) and over every
threat in general (Rom 8:37). His statement in 8:37 follows in context
after 8:14 which shows what characterizes the saved: ''as many as are
led by the Spirit of God are sons of God." Paul is convinced that
those persons are true sons of God who are led by God's Spirit. If this
characteristic reveals the real sons, the life-styles of the sons evidently
feature some degree of overcoming.
6. There are reasonable solutions to the problems of this pre-
ferred view. Many reactions turn out to be "straw men" made from
the stuff of misconceptions about how certain details best integrate
into a harmonious, overall picture.
Take, for instance, this claim: many who are saved do not, in
fact, overcome. Evaluation: If we do not decide by rare cases like
death-bed converts or the thief on the cross, we may still acknowledge
that every saved person with normal time and opportunity fails to
overcome some or many times in his life-span following his new birth.
All fall short of absolute, sinless perfection. Still, the real point is that
the Bible by its terminology describes the saved person as belonging
within a general class of people. He follows in the direction of faith
toward God in the thrust of his life. Christ's words embrace all the
saved, "My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow
Me ..." (John 10:27). Admittedly, these sheep are inconsistent. At
times they wander, follow at a strained distance, or temporarily go in
the opposite direction from God's will, as in Ps 119:176. Jonah is a
further example. Yet Jesus did not hesitate to define his people, all of
them, as those who "hear" and "follow." These words in the present
tense look at more than the initial act of faith alone. They do look at
this, to be sure, but also survey the sweep of their lives, the basic
direction and bent of character and action. The sheep persist despite
failures along life's trail. Some true followers of Christ may overcome
to a lesser degree than others, but all fit within the panorama of
Jesus' words.
Hodges unfortunately diminishes the statement of John 10:27
into a myopic either / or logic: ". ..the term 'follow' is simply another
Johannine metaphor for saving faith. ...It is a mistake to construe
the word 'follow' in John 10:27 as though it indicates something
about the future of the believer's experience after he receives eternal
ROSSCUP: THE OVERCOMER OF THE APOCALYPSE 269
life. In fact, it has nothing to do with it at all…”9 This does not
appear to hold up because:
(1) "Follow" in its usage applies both to the first step in respond-
ing to Christ for salvation and to the subsequent process of the life as
believers. The word "to follow," a]kolouqe<w, often appears to relate
to the entire sweep of obedient discipleship and is not confined only
to initial salvation in John's Gospel (8:12; 10:4, 5; 12:26, "follow"
seems co-extensive with "serve"; 21:19, 22, both refer to Peter after he
was saved initially). The other gospels use the term also in a far wider
sense than only the beginning step of faith (Matt 4:20; 8:19, 22, 23;
19:27, 28; Lk 9:23, "daily"; 9:57, "wherever you go"; 9:62, following
Jesus involves putting one's hand to the plow and going on with it
along the furrow; 18:28; cf. Rev 14:4, etc.). "Hear" and "follow," like
the word "abides" in John 6:56, even become characteristics of the
truly saved.
(2) It is grammatically natural, in view of present indicative
actives a]kou<ousin and a]kolouqou?sin, to relate the statement even to
general life-style. To bind the verbs only to the initial act of faith
appears shortsighted.
(3) Relating the verbs to ongoing lives fits the natural, pastoral
metaphor of "sheep" that Jesus selects (10:2-5). A shepherd put his
sheep out for the day and then went ahead of them. They "heard" and
"followed" him, not simply in the first act of coming after him but for
all day and many days.
(4) Hodges draws a questionable conclusion as to Jesus' placing
his promise to "give them eternal life" (v 28) after "hear" and
"follow." He reasons that if "hear" and "follow" relate at all to
believers after initial salvation the order of the promise demands that
believers must have followed to earn the eternal life. But contrary to
his fears, "hear" and "follow" pose no element incompatible with
eternal life through grace. The order is similar to that in Matt 19:29.
There, to all who in faith sacrificially have left houses, lands, and
loved ones for Jesus' sake, he will give many times as much (Mk 10:29
and Lk 18:29 say in this life) and eternal life. While from one
perspective he can give eternal life already now initially in grace, he
can also promise life in its full potential for blessing in its ultimate,
crowning sense as the greatest prospect of grace that can encourage
believers. A life of faith that works through obedient love leads on to
the finest realization of all that is worthwhile; it can never turn out to
have been in vain!
This interpretation is more reasonable than Hodges' system,
which sees eternal life now as a free gift but construes eternal life in
its future aspect as "a reward merited" by obedience.10
9Hodges, Gospel Under Siege, 44-45.
10Hodges, Gospel Under Siege, 82.
270 GRACE THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
Some reject the view this article defends on another claim. They
misconstrue it as tantamount to saying that none of the saved can
backslide. Lang charges: "It avoids and nullifies the solemn warnings
and urgent pleadings of the Spirit addressed to believers, and, by
depriving the Christian of these, leaves him dangerously exposed to
the perils they reveal….”11
Evaluation: First, it is a "straw man" argument to insist that the
logic of the favored view means none of the saved can backslide.
Actually, while all the truly saved will be overcomers, all can and still
do commit sins in this life (James 3:2). Never in this life will they
scale heights beyond the need for further purification from sins
(1 John 3:3). Christ has made provision for this need when they sin
(1 John 2: 1, 2). Some flounder in sad seasons of spiritual failure, but
do not lose salvation even if for a time they seem no longer to have it.
New revivals may be needed to stir them afresh to a closer walk with
God, but Christ's marks of his true sheep are that they "hear" and
"follow." The overcoming vitality of God-given faith (cf. 1 John 5:4,
5) and care as a practical dynamic doggedly continues to reassert
itself in their experience (cf. Ps 119:176). And in a total lifetime as
believers God's people will, despite times of decline, bear some fruit
(Rom 6:22).
Second, a trait of true faith is that it gives a heart to heed God's
warnings, gain victory (1 John 5:4, 5), and forge on with him. Those
whose believing on the Savior is backed by reality continue with him,
as in John 8:31 and John 15:1-6.12 The truly saved ones are the brand
of people who, when they sin, confess, seek God's forgiveness and
cleansing, and desire to live in the light with God (1 John 1:5-9). If
they are negligent here, God may take them home to heaven early
(1 Cor 11:30-32). That those who "believed" in John 8:30, or at least
some among them, were not genuinely saved is the natural import of
Jesus' words directly aimed at his audience in the following verses (vv
31-49). While "believe" in the Gospel of John usually refers to true
faith, the term can even be used for a superficial belief that does not
turn out to be properly based and genuine (2:23; 7:31; 12:42; cf. 6:66).
Third, the favored view allows the possibility that some may for
a time be thought to be true believers, yet not heed the warnings, and
end up unsaved. This does not reveal that they lost salvation but that
they lacked it all along. This is true despite the fact that they
professed allegiance to the Lord, as in Matt 7:23 and 1 John 2:19.
11 Lang, Revelation, 91-92.
12 Cf. J. E. Rosscup, Abiding in Christ: Studies in John 15 (Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1973): those in 15:1-6 who do not abide and bear fruit (v 15:2a etc.) are
not saved and never were (cf. all the saved abiding in John 6:54, 56).
Description:Revelation has resulted in a multiplicity of interpretations. Interest in this issue .
tion does not adequately account for the biblical testimony. Every saved person.
