Table Of ContentThe Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Challa
Studies in Semitic Languages and
Linguistics
EditorialBoard
T. Muraoka, C.H.M. Versteegh and A.D. Rubin
VOLUME54
The Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Dialect of Challa
By
Steven E. Fassberg
LEIDEN•BOSTON
2010
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Fassberg,StevenE.
TheJewishNeo-AramaicdialectofChalla/byStevenE.Fassberg.
p.cm.–(StudiesinSemiticlanguagesandlinguistics;Vol.54)
Includesbibliographicalreferences(p. ).
ISBN978-90-04-17682-9(hardback:alk.paper)
1.Aramaiclanguage–Dialects–Turkey–Çukurca–Grammar.2.
Jews–Turkey–Çukurca–Languages.3.Çukurca(Turkey)–Languages.I.Title.II.Series.
PJ5282.F372010
492'.2–dc22
2009046087
ISSN 0081-8461
ISBN 9789004176829
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CONTENTS
Preface ................................................................. xiii
AbbreviationsandSigla................................................ xv
I.Introduction ......................................................... 1
1.1. Challa ............................................................ 1
1.2. JewishPresenceinChalla ....................................... 1
1.3. ChristianPresenceinChalla.................................... 4
1.4. Muslim(Kurdish)PresenceinChalla .......................... 4
1.5. JewishChallaInformants ....................................... 5
II.JewishChallaandtheOtherLishanaDeniDialects............... 7
2.1. DialectalPositionofJewishChalla ............................. 7
2.2. SalientFeaturesofJewishChalla................................ 7
III.Phonology ......................................................... 11
3.1. Consonants ...................................................... 11
3.2. Bgdkpt............................................................ 12
3.3. PharyngealsandGlottals........................................ 13
3.4. Affricates......................................................... 14
3.5. Emphatics........................................................ 15
3.6. Assimilation ..................................................... 16
3.7. Dissimilation .................................................... 18
3.8. Vowels ........................................................... 18
3.9. GeneralDistributionofVowels ................................. 19
3.10. ShorteningofLongVowels...................................... 21
3.11. ConditionedVowelShifts ....................................... 22
3.12. RisingDiphthongs............................................... 23
3.13. FallingDiphthongs .............................................. 23
3.14. OtherDiphthongsThatHaveContractedinJewishChalla.... 24
3.15. ContractionofTriphthongsandRelatedForms................ 24
3.16. Glides ............................................................ 25
3.17. Aphaeresis ....................................................... 25
3.18. Syncope.......................................................... 26
3.19. Apocope ......................................................... 28
viii contents
3.20. Gemination...................................................... 29
3.21. SyllableStructure................................................ 31
3.22. Anaptyxis ........................................................ 32
3.23. Stress............................................................. 33
3.24. Pause............................................................. 34
IV.MorphologyandMorphosyntax .................................. 35
4.1. Pronouns......................................................... 35
4.1.1. IndependentPronouns.................................. 35
4.1.2. PronominalSuffixesonNouns ......................... 36
4.1.3. IndependentGenitivePronoun......................... 37
4.1.4. L-SuffixPronouns....................................... 39
4.1.5. LL-SuffixPronouns...................................... 40
4.1.6. E-SuffixPronouns....................................... 40
4.1.7. DemonstrativePronouns ............................... 42
4.1.8. Possessive-RelativeParticled ........................... 44
4.1.9. ReflexivePronoun....................................... 47
4.1.10. ReciprocalPronouns.................................... 47
4.1.11. InterrogativePronouns ................................. 48
4.1.12. IndefinitePronouns..................................... 49
4.2. NounsandAdjectives ........................................... 51
4.2.1. InflectionofNouns...................................... 51
4.2.2. AnnexationofNouns ................................... 54
4.2.3. NominalPluralForms .................................. 56
4.2.3.1. PluralFormsEndingin-e................... 56
4.2.3.2. PluralFormsEndingin-a¯ne ................ 57
4.2.3.3. PluralFormsEndingin-a¯he ................ 58
4.2.3.4. PluralFormsEndingin-a¯sa ................ 58
4.2.3.5. PluralFormsEndingin-ya¯sa ............... 59
4.2.3.6. PluralFormsEndingin-awa¯sa ............. 59
4.2.3.7. PluralFormswithReduplicatedConsonant 60
4.2.3.8. PluralFormsEndingin-ine................. 60
4.2.3.9. MultiplePluralForms ....................... 60
4.2.3.10. IrregularPluralForms....................... 60
4.2.3.11. PluraliaTantum.............................. 61
4.2.4. InflectionofAdjectives.................................. 61
4.2.5. GeneralRemarksonNounandAdjectivePatterns .... 62
4.2.6. NounandAdjectivePatterns ........................... 63
4.2.6.1. Monosyllabic................................. 63
4.2.6.2. Bisyllabic..................................... 64
contents ix
4.2.6.3. BisyllabicwithFeminineEnding............ 73
4.2.6.4. Trisyllabic.................................... 74
4.2.6.5. TrisyllabicwithFeminineEnding........... 77
4.2.6.6. Quadrisyllabic ............................... 78
4.2.6.7. QuadrisyllabicwithFeminineEnding...... 78
4.2.7. DiachronicOverviewofPatterns....................... 78
4.2.8. Prefixes .................................................. 80
4.2.9. Suffixes................................................... 81
4.2.9.1. -a¯ya,-esa,-a¯ye ............................... 81
4.2.9.2. -na¯ya,-nesa,-na¯ye........................... 82
4.2.9.3. -u¯sa,-atu¯sa................................... 82
4.2.9.4. -ona,-one .................................... 84
4.2.9.5. -unka,-unke ................................. 84
4.2.9.6. -a¯na,-anta,-a¯ne ............................. 84
4.2.9.7. -oya........................................... 85
4.2.9.8. -k ............................................. 85
Ã
4.2.9.9. - ski........................................... 86
4.2.9.10. -i.............................................. 86
4.2.9.11. -li............................................. 87
4.2.10. CompoundNouns ...................................... 87
4.2.11. ProperNamesandHypocoristics....................... 88
4.3. Numerals ........................................................ 89
4.3.1. CardinalNumbers– ................................ 89
4.3.2. CardinalNumbers– ............................... 91
4.3.3. CardinalNumbers—TensandHundreds .............. 91
4.3.4. CardinalNumbers—ThousandsandAbove............ 92
4.3.5. OrdinalNumbers ....................................... 92
4.3.6. Fractions................................................. 93
4.3.7. Multiplicatives........................................... 93
4.3.8. DaysoftheWeek........................................ 93
4.3.9. OtherExpressionsofTime.............................. 94
4.4. Verbs............................................................. 94
4.4.1. Stems .................................................... 94
4.4.2. GStem................................................... 95
4.4.3. DandCStems........................................... 96
4.4.4. QStem................................................... 97
4.4.5. InventoryofVerbalForms.............................. 98
4.4.6. Copula................................................... 98
4.4.6.1. PresentCopula .............................. 98
4.4.6.2. NegatedPresentCopula..................... 101
