The Jewish Annotated New Testament

700 Pages·2011·6.18 MB·English

by  Amy-Jill Levine

THE JEWISH ANNOTATED NEW TESTAMENT
New Revised Standard Version
THE JEWISH ANNOTATED NEW
TESTAMENT
New Revised Standard Version Bible Translation
Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler
Editors
Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford
University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education.
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur
Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offices in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala
Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland

Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University
Press, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
http://www.oup.com

Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights
reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford
University Press.
New Revised Standard Version Bible copyright © 1989 by the Division of
Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the
U.S.A.
Up to five hundred (500) verses of the New Revised Standard Version
(NRSV) Bible text may be quoted or reprinted without the express written
permission of the publisher, provided that the verses quoted neither amount to a
complete book of the Bible nor account for 50 % or more of the written text of
the total work in which they are quoted. When the NRSV text is quoted, notice
of copyright must appear on the title or copyright page of the work as follows:
The Scripture quotations contained herein are from the New Revised
Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian
Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the
U.S.A., and are used by permission. All rights reserved.
When quotations from the NRSV text are used in non-saleable media, such
as church bulletins, orders of service, posters, transparencies, or similar media,
the initials (NRSV) may be used at the end of each quotation.
Quotations or reprints in excess of five hundred (500) verses (as well as other
permission requests) must be approved in writing by the NRSV Permissions
Office, The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., 475
Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10115-0050.
Portions of the informational annotations for Luke and 2 Corinthians are
based on those in The New Oxford Annotated Bible, fourth edition. Copyright ©
2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Used by permission.
Part of the essay “Jewish History, 331 BCE – 135 CE” is adapted from
“Introduction to the Apocrypha” in The Oxford Bible Commentary. Copyright ©
2001 by Oxford University Press. Used by permission.
Design and typesetting by 2Krogh AS, Denmark.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the USA
EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS
Alan J. Avery-Peck – The Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
Herbert Basser – The Letter of James
Daniel Boyarin – Logos, A Jewish Word: John’s Prologue as Midrash
Marc Zvi Brettler, Editor – The New Testament between the Hebrew Bible
(Tanakh) and Rabbinic Literature
Jonathan Brumberg-Kraus – The Third Letter of John
Shaye J. D. Cohen – The Letter of Paul to the Galatians; Judaism and
Jewishness; Josephus
Michael Cook – The Letter of Paul to the Philippians
Pamela Eisenbaum – The Letter to the Hebrews
Michael Fagenblat – The Concept of Neighbor in Jewish and Christian Ethics
Charlotte Elisheva Fonrobert – Judaizers, Jewish Christians, and Others
David Frankfurter – The Revelation to John
David M. Freidenreich – Food and Table Fellowship
Julie Galambush – The Second Letter of John
Aaron M. Gale – The Gospel According to Matthew

Joshua D. Garroway – Ioudaios Barbara Geller – The Letter of Paul to Philemon
Gary Gilbert – The Acts of the Apostles
Martin Goodman – Jewish History, 331 BCE–135 CE
Leonard Greenspoon – The Septuagint
Michael R. Greenwald – The Second Letter of Peter; The Canon of the New
Testament
Adam Gregerman – The Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians
Maxine Grossman – The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians; The Dead Sea Scrolls
Susannah Heschel – Jesus in Modern Jewish Thought
Martha Himmelfarb – Afterlife and Resurrection
Tal Ilan – The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy
Andrew S. Jacobs – The Letter of Jude
Jonathan Klawans – The Law
Naomi Koltun-Fromm – The First Letter of Paul to Timothy
Jennifer L. Koosed – The Letter of Paul to Titus
Ross S. Kraemer – Jewish Family Life in the First Century CE
Shira Lander – The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
Daniel R. Langton – Paul in Jewish Thought
Rebecca Lesses – Divine Beings
David B. Levenson – Messianic Movements
Amy-Jill Levine, Editor – The Gospel According to Luke; Bearing False
Witness: Common Errors Made about Early Judaism
Lee I. Levine – The Synagogue
Martin Lockshin – Jesus in Medieval Jewish Tradition
Michele Murray – The First Letter of John
Mark D. Nanos – The Letter of Paul to the Romans; Paul and Judaism
Adele Reinhartz – The Gospel According to John
David Fox Sandmel – The First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians
David Satran – Philo of Alexandria
Daniel R. Schwartz – Jewish Movements of the New Testament Period
Naomi Seidman – Translation of the Bible
Claudia Setzer – The First Letter of Peter; Jewish Responses to Believers in
Jesus
David Stern – Midrash and Parables in the New Testament
Geza Vermes – Jewish Miracle Workers in the Late Second Temple Period
Burton L. Visotzky – Jesus in Rabbinic Tradition
Lawrence M. Wills – The Gospel According to Mark
Peter Zaas – The Letter of Paul to the Colossians
CONTENTS
The Editors’ Preface
Acknowledgments
To the Reader
Alphabetical Listing of the Books of the New Testament
Abbreviations
The New Testament
Matthew … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Aaron M. Gale
Mark … … … … … . . Introduction and Annotations by Lawrence M. Wills
Luke … … … … … . . Introduction and Annotations by Amy-Jill Levine
John… … … … … … Introduction and Annotations by Adele Reinhartz
Acts of the Apostles… Introduction and Annotations by Gary Gilbert
Romans … … … … . . Introduction and Annotations by Mark D. Nanos
1 Corinthians … … … Introduction and Annotations by Shira Lander
2 Corinthians … … … Introduction and Annotations by Alan J. Avery-Peck
Galatians … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Shaye J. D. Cohen
Ephesians … … … … Introduction and Annotations by Maxine Grossman
Philippians … … … . . Introduction and Annotations by Michael Cook
Colossians… … … … Introduction and Annotations by Peter Zaas
1 Thessalonians … … . Introduction and Annotations by David Fox Sandmel
2 Thessalonians… … . Introduction and Annotations by Adam Gregerman
1 Timothy… … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Naomi Koltun-
Fromm
2 Timothy … … … … Introduction and Annotations by Tal Ilan
Titus … … … … … . . Introduction and Annotations by Jennifer L. Koosed
Philemon… … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Barbara Geller
Hebrews … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Pamela Eisenbaum
James … … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Herbert Basser
1 Peter… … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Claudia Setzer
2 Peter … … … … … Introduction and Annotations by Michael R.
Greenwald
1 John … … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Michele Murray
2 John… … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Julie Galambush
3 John … … … … … . Introduction and Annotations by Jonathan
Brumberg-Kraus
Jude… … … … … … Introduction and Annotations by Andrew S. Jacobs
Revelation … … … … Introduction and Annotations by David Frankfurter
Maps, Charts, Sidebar Essays, and Diagrams
The Virgin Birth
Righteousness
The Geography of the Gospel of Matthew
The Beatitudes
Peter in Matthew’s Gospel
Paying Taxes
Pharisees and Judas
Eschatological Elements in Matthew
The Geography of the Gospel of Mark
Impurity and Healing
Pharisees and Tax Collectors
Parables and Kingdom
Scripture Fulfillments
Jesus’ Synagogue Sermon
The Geography of the Gospel of Luke
Pharisees in Luke
Parable of the Good Samaritan
Parable of the Prodigal Son
Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector
The Geography of the Gospel of John
The Native Lands of Pentecost Pilgrims
Jews and the Death of Jesus