The Internationalization of the Academy: Changes, Realities and Prospects

304 Pages·2014·2.12 MB·English

by  Futao Huang (auth.)

The Changing Academy – The Changing Academic Profession
in International Comparative Perspective 10
Futao Huang
Martin Finkelstein
Michele Rostan Editors
The
Internationalization
of the Academy
Changes, Realities and Prospects
The Internationalization of the Academy
The Changing Academy – The Changing Academic Profession
in International Comparative Perspective 10
Series Editors
William K. Cummings, The George Washington University, Washington, USA
Akira Arimoto, Kurashiki Sakuyo University, Kurashiki City, Okayama, Japan
Editorial Board
Jürgen Enders, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
Amy Metcalfe, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Christine Musselin, CSO Research Interests Higher Education and Research, Paris, France
Rui Santiago, University of Aveiro, Portugal
Simon Schwartzman, Institute for Studies and Labour and Society, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ulrich Teichler, University of Kassel, Germany
Charles Wohluter, Northwest University, South Africa
Scope of the series
As the landscape of higher education has in recent years undergone significant changes, so
correspondingly have the backgrounds, specializations, expectations and work roles of
academic staff. The Academy is expected to be more professional in teaching, more productive
in research and more entrepreneurial in everything. Some of the changes involved have raised
questions about the attractiveness of an academic career for today’s graduates. At the same
time, knowledge has come to be identified as the most vital resource of contemporary
societies.
The Changing Academy series examines the nature and extent of the changes experienced by
the academic profession in recent years. It explores both the reasons for and the consequences
of these changes. It considers the implications of the changes for the attractiveness of the
academic profession as a career and for the ability of the academic community to contribute
to the further development of knowledge societies and the attainment of national goals. It
makes comparisons on these matters between different national higher education systems,
institutional types, disciplines and generations of academics, drawing initially on available
data-sets and qualitative research studies with special emphasis on the recent twenty nation
survey of the Changing Academic Profession. Among the themes featured will be:
1. Relevance of the Academy’s Work
2. Internationalization of the Academy
3. Current Governance and Management, particularly as perceived by the Academy
4. Commitment of the Academy
The audience includes researchers in higher education, sociology of education and political
science studies; university managers and administrators; national and institutional
policymakers; officials and staff at governments and organizations, e.g. the World Bank.
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8668
Futao Huang (cid:129) Martin Finkelstein
Michele Rostan
Editors
The Internationalization
of the Academy
Changes, Realities and Prospects
Editors
Futao Huang Martin Finkelstein
Research Institute for Higher Education Department of Educational Leadership,
Hiroshima University Management and Policy
Japan Seton Hall University
South Orange , NJ , USA
Michele Rostan
Centre for Study and Research on Higher
Education Systems
University of Pavia
Italy
ISBN 978-94-007-7277-9 ISBN 978-94-007-7278-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7278-6
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
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Acknowledgments
This volume could not, of course, have seen the light of day without a Changing
Academic Profession survey administered in 19 countries on which to build.
Leading such an “international coalition” initiative is a monumental undertaking;
and we all owe a debt of gratitude to our leaders in this enterprise: Professor Akira
Arimoto, now of Kurashiki Sakuyo University, Japan; Professor William Cummings
of the George Washington University, USA; and Professor Ulrich Teichler of Kassel
University, Germany. They have kept us on track when we wandered off and
channeled our energies into the production of a signifi cant series of empirical and
conceptual volumes—of which this is the tenth.
Similarly, we owe a debt of gratitude to the leaders of 19 country teams who
faced their own challenges in raising funds for the individual country surveys,
managing national projects to adhere to our international methodological guide-
lines, and working with a Methods Group to ensure data quality through successive
iterations and improvement of the international dataset. The research staff at the
INCHER, Kassel University, under the leadership of Professor Teichler, played a
pivotal role in cleaning the data and organizing and disseminating the data fi les—all
the while working with national teams not always on a common schedule. Their
contribution was indispensible.
And then, there are the authors of our chapters, or, to be more precise, the teams
of coauthors of our chapters. Every chapter has been the product of at least two
scholars—usually across national borders—working together to meld different per-
spectives into a contribution designed to fi t with the others, all the while doing their
best to ensure commonality in terminology, variable names, etc. We are extremely
grateful to each of these teams for their patience with us, as coeditors, and their
willingness to work for the greater good and integrity of the volume as a whole.
v
vi Acknowledgments
And lastly, but certainly not least, there is Kevin Iglesias, a doctoral candidate at
Seton Hall University, who served as the coeditors’ editor, vetting all the chapters—
text and tables—not only for correctness but also for consistency and moving effort-
lessly from the instructions of one coeditor to the other. We could not have done it
with you!
Many thanks to all!
Hiroshima University, Japan Futao Huang
Seton Hall University, USA Martin Finkelstein
University of Pavia, Italy Michele Rostan
March 25, 2013
Contents

1 The Internationalisation of the Academic Profession .......................... 1
Futao Huang
2 Concepts and Methods ........................................................................... 23
Michele Rostan, Martin Finkelstein, and Futao Huang
3 A Profi le of CAP Participating Countries and a Global
Overview of Academic Internationalization in 2007–2008 .................. 37
Michele Rostan, Martin Finkelstein, and Futao Huang
4 Internationalization of the Academy:
Rhetoric, Recent Trends, and Prospects ............................................... 55
William K. Cummings, Olga Bain,
Gerard A. Postiglione, and Jisun Jung
5 The International Mobility of Faculty .................................................. 79
Michele Rostan and Ester Ava Höhle
6 The International Dimension of Teaching and Learning .................... 105
Hamish Coates, Ian R. Dobson, Leo Goedegebuure,
and V. Lynn Meek
7 The Internationalization of Research .................................................... 119
Michele Rostan, Flavio A. Ceravolo, and Amy Scott Metcalfe
8 Regionalisation of Higher Education and the Academic
Profession in Asia, Europe and North America ................................... 145
Futao Huang, Ulrich Teichler, and Jesús Francisco Galaz-Fontes
9 Gender and Faculty Internationalization ............................................. 183
Agnete Vabø, Laura Elena Padilla-González,
Erica Waagene, and Terje Næss
vii
viii Contents
10 Internationalization and the New Generation of Academics .............. 207
Jisun Jung, René Kooij, and Ulrich Teichler
11 Patterns of Faculty Internationalization: A Predictive Model ............ 237
Martin Finkelstein and Wendiann Sethi
12 The Internationalization of the Academy:
Findings, Open Questions, and Implications ........................................ 259
Michele Rostan, Futao Huang, and Martin Finkelstein
Appendix: The Changing Academic Profession: Questionnaire ................. 281
Notes on Editors .............................................................................................. 297
Notes on Contributors .................................................................................... 299
Chapter 1
The Internationalisation of the Academic
Profession
Futao Huang
Globalisation is transforming knowledge production processes, universities and the
academic profession. The centre of gravity of scientifi c research and development is
subtly shifting from the United States to Asia and, to a lesser extent, to Europe
(Cummings 2 009 ). Moreover, developed and developing nations across the globe
are investing in their national systems of higher education as the key engines of
human resource development and ultimately their future economic competitiveness.
As knowledge production becomes a global rather than a national enterprise, nations
have a huge stake in ensuring that their universities (and the academics in them) are
active participants and leaders in this new globalised “industry”; and to the extent
that a nation’s universities and its academic workforce train the next generation,
they have an equally huge stake in these trainers developing an international
perspective and capability in their students – the next generation of leaders.
Universities in developing countries are seeking not only to reverse the historic
“brain drain” that has benefi ted the United States and other Western economies but
to create “world- class universities” of their own and ipso facto an indigenous world-
class academic profession and workforce – which by defi nition implies the develop-
ment of an academic profession that is part of the increasingly global community of
research and scholarship. A key instrument of these national economic initiatives is
“internationalisation” of higher education systems and their human resource foun-
dation, the academic profession.
F. Huang (*)
Research Institute for Higher Education , Hiroshima University ,
Kagamiyama 1-2-2 , 739-8512 Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
F. Huang et al. (eds.), The Internationalization of the Academy, The Changing 1
Academy – The Changing Academic Profession in International Comparative Perspective 10,
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7278-6_1, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014