The History of Art: A Global View: Prehistory to the Present

1265 Pages·2021·399.564 MB·English

by  Jean Robertson, Deborah Hutton, Cynthia Colburn, Ömür Harmansah, Eric Kjellgren, Rex Koontz, De-nin Lee, Henry Luttikhuizen, Allison Lee Palmer, Stacey Sloboda, Monica Blackmun Visonà

THE
HISTORY
OF ART
A GLOBAL
VIEW
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THE
HISTORY
OF ART
A GLOBAL
VIEW
PREHISTORY TO THE PRESENT
JEAN ROBERTSON • DEBORAH HUTTON
CYNTHIA S. COLBURN
ÖMÜR HARMANŞAH
ERIC KJELLGREN
REX KOONTZ
DE-NIN D. LEE
HENRY LUTTIKHUIZEN
ALLISON LEE PALMER
STACEY SLOBODA
MONICA BLACKMUN VISONÀ
WITH OVER 1600 ILLUSTRATIONS
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FRONT COVER
Combined volume: Head from Wunmonije Compound, Ife,
Nigeria, Ancestral Yoruba, 1250–1350. National Commission for
Museums and Monuments, Nigeria. Photo Scala, Florence.
Volume 1: Ear ornament from Sipán tombs, Moche, Peru,
c. 300 ce. Museo Tumbas Reales de Sipán, Peru. Photo Frans
Lemmens/Alamy Stock Photo.
Volume 2: Yinka Shonibare, cBe, Cake Man, 2013. Image courtesy
Stephen Friedman Gallery and Pearl Lam Galleries. Photo
Stephen White & Co. © Yinka Shonibare CBE. All Rights Reserved,
DACS/Artimage 2021.
Frontispiece: Mandala of Vajrabhairava, Yuan dynasty,
c.1330–32. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Lila Acheson
Wallace Gift, 1992, 1992.54. Photo Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art
Resource/Scala, Florence.
Title page: Kanō Naizen, Namban Byōbu (detail), Momoyama
period, 1593. Kobe City Museum, Japan. Photo Kobe City Museum/
DNPartcom.
The History of Art: A Global View © 2021 Thames & Hudson Ltd,
London
Designed by Christopher Perkins
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be
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New York 10110
Library of Congress Control Number 2020952139
Combined volume: ISBN 978-0-500-02237-5
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Brief Contents
Preface 12 • Acknowledgments 14 • The Authors 15 Part 4 Looking Inward, Exploring Outward 624
Introduction 16
38 Fifteenth-Century Renaissance Art in Florence 1400–1500 626
39 Fifteenth-Century Renaissance Art in South, Central, and Northern Italy
Part 1 The Earliest Art 32
1400–1500 642
1 The Beginnings of Art 65,000–3200 bce 34 40 Fifteenth-Century Art of France, Flanders, and Germany 1400–1500 657
2 Art of Early Africa 8000 bce–1000 ce 50 seeingconnections•The World in Perspective 674
3 Art of Mesopotamia and West Asia 5000–2000 bce 65 41 Art of Mesoamerica and North America after 1300 676
4 Egyptian Art from the Predynastic Nile Valley through the Old Kingdom 42 Art of Central and South America 1100–1550 692
4000–2000 bce 81
seeingconnections•Mapping the World 702
seeingconnections•The Art of Trade and Diplomacy in the Bronze Age 96 43 Art in Late Imperial China 1368–1795 704
5 Art of West Asian Empires 2000–330 bce 98
44 Art in Early Modern Korea and Japan 1600–1900 718
6 Egyptian Art from the Middle Kingdom through the Late Period
45 Renaissance Art in Italy at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century 1470–1520 731
2000–525 bce 115
46 Sixteenth-Century Art of Northern Europe 1500–1600 746
seeingconnections•Ancient Writing Systems 132
47 Sixteenth Century Art of Italy 1520–1600 760
7 Early Art from South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania 2600 bce–300 ce 134
48 Sixteenth Century Art of Spain, France, and England 1500–1600 777
8 Art of Early East Asia 4000–200 bce 147
seeingconnections•Blue-and-White Porcelain: A Global Commodity 792
9 Cycladic and Minoan Art 3000–1200 bce 161
49 African Art and Global Trade 1450–1860 794
10 Mycenaean and Iron Age Greek Art 1700–600 bce 176
50 Islamic Art of Empires in North Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia
11 Art of Early South America before 600 ce 191
1400–1800 808
51 Early Modern Art of South Asia and Southeast Asia 1400–1800 825
Part 2 Early Cities and Empires 204
52 Art of Oceania 1200–1800 841
12 Art of Early Mesoamerica before 600 ce 206
seeingconnections•The Artist’s Workshop 855
seeingconnections•Stolen Things: Looting and Repatriation of 53 Baroque Art of Europe 1600–1750 857
Ancient Objects 219
54 Art of the Dutch Republic 1600–1700 873
13 Archaic and Early Classical Greek Art 600–460 bce 221
14 Art of Classical Greece 450–400 bce 238 Part 5 Imperialism, Revolution, and Innovation 890
15 Late Classical Greek and Hellenistic Art 400–31 bce 254
55 Art of the Enlightenment in Europe and North America 1700–1800 892
seeingconnections•Early Global Networks: The Silk Road 270
56 Rococo Art in Europe 1700–1800 905
16 The Development of Buddhist and Hindu Art in South Asia and
57 Neoclassical Art in Europe and North America 1700–1800 920
Southeast Asia 250 bce–800 ce 272
58 Romantic Art in Europe and North America 1780–1870 935
17 Villanovan and Etruscan Art 900–270 bce 289
18 Art of the Roman Republic 509–27 ce 303 seeingconnections•Picturing the Other in the Age of Imperialism 951
59 Art of Oceania in the Colonial and Postcolonial Era 1800 to the present 953
19 Art of the Roman Empire from Augustus through the Julio-Claudians
27 bce–68 ce 320 60 Art of Colonial and Independent South Asia and Southeast Asia
1800 to the present 967
20 Art of the Roman Empire from the Flavians through the Good Emperors
69–192 ce 332 seeingconnections•Empire Building 983
21 Art of Rising Empires in Japan and China 400 bce–581 ce 346 61 Realism in European and North American Art 1830–1890 985
seeingconnections•The Cultural Power of Gold across the World 362 62 Modernity and Impressionism in European Art 1860–1880 1002
22 Art of the Late Roman Empire 193–337 ce 364 seeingconnections•The Spread of Photography 1017
23 Jewish and Christian Art in Late Antiquity 150–500 ce 377 63 Avant-Garde Art in Europe 1880–1900 1019
64 African Art, Colonialism, and the Modern World 1860–1960 1034
Part 3 The Spread of Religions 396
Part 6 Art in a Connected World 1048
24 The Development of Islamic Art in North Africa, West Asia, and
Central Asia 600–1000 398 65 European and North American Art at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
25 Art of African Kingdoms and Empires 300–1500 414 1880–1915 1050
26 Monumental Art in South Asia and Southeast Asia 700–1400 429 66 Fauvism, Cubism, and Expressionism in European Modern Art 1905–1930 1063
27 The Dissemination of Buddhism and East Asian Art 500–1200 446 seeingconnections•The Universal Impulse toward Abstraction 1078
seeingconnections•Art and Ritual 462 67 Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, and Political Protest in European and
Mexican Art 1910–1940 1080
28 Art of the Byzantine Empire 540–1450 464
68 Modernity and Identity in East Asian Art 1850–1980 1095
29 Art of Early Medieval Europe 600–1250 480
30 Art of the Americas 600–1300 497 seeingconnections•Modern Art and War 1110
69 Modern and Contemporary Art of North Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia
31 Art during the Song and Yuan Dynasties of China 960–1368 513
1800 to the present 1112
seeingconnections•Pax Mongolica 528
70 Constructivism, De Stijl, and the Bauhaus in European and American Modern Art
32 Transformative Eras and Art in Korea and Japan 1200–1600 530
1915–1960 1127
33 The Regionalization of Islamic Art in North Africa, West Asia, and
71 Modern Art in North America 1925–1965 1143
Central Asia 1000–1400 544
72 Art of Independent African Nations 1960–2000 1159
seeingconnections•The Art of Writing 560
73 Pluralism and Postmodern Art in Europe and the Americas 1960–1995 1174
34 Art of the Mediterranean World 500–1500 562
seeingconnections•Diaspora in the Modern World 1190
35 Romanesque Art and Architecture in Europe 1000–1200 578
74 Art of the Global Contemporary 1980 to the present 1192
36 Gothic Art and Architecture in Europe 1200–1400 592
37 Art of the Late Middle Ages in Italy 1200–1400 608
Glossary 1206 • Sources of Quotations 1216 • Bibliography 1219
Sources of Illustrations 1229 • Index 1237
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Table of Contents
Preface 12 • Acknowledgments 14 • The Authors 15 6 Egyptian Art from the Middle Kingdom through
the Late Period 2000–525 bce Harmanşah 115
Introduction 16 The Middle Kingdom, 2055–1650 bce 116
You Are Invited 16 The New Kingdom, 1550–1069 bce 119
Art Matters 17 ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Obelisks, Mobility, and
Getting Started 20 Meaning 128
Give It a Try 25 The Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period, 1069–525 bce 129
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY• Comparative Analysis 28
Our Shared Human Inheritance 30 SEEING CONNECTIONS • Ancient Writing Systems Harmanşah,
Koontz, Lee 132
1
Part The Earliest Art
32 7 Early Art from South Asia, Southeast Asia,
and Oceania 2600 bce–300 ce Hutton, Kjellgren 134
1 The Beginnings of Art 65,000–3200 bce Harmanşah 34 Early South Asian Art: The Indus Period, c. 2600–1900 bce 135
What Is an Image? Thinking about Cave Paintings 36 LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • The Proto-Shiva Seal 139
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Timescales 37 Early Southeast Asian Art: The Bronze and Iron Ages,
Figurines: Human, Animal, and Hybrid 40 c. 1500 bce–300 ce 140
Megalithic Structures 42 Early Oceanic Art: The New Guinea Prehistoric Stone Sculpture,
Early Settled Communities 45 c. 6000–1000 bce, and Lapita Traditions, c. 1500–300 bce 142
2 Art of Early Africa 8000 bce–1000 ce Visonà 50 8 Art of Early East Asia 4000–200 bce Lee 147
The Highlands of the Sahara, c. 8000–c. 2000 bce 51 Ceramics and Jades in East Asia, c. 4000–c. 400 bce 148
The Mountains of Southern Africa, c. 2000 bce–1880 ce 55 Shang Culture, c. 1500– c. 1050 bce151
Ancient Nubia and the Nile Valley, c. 2500 bce–350 ce 57 MAKING IT REAL • Piece-Mold Bronze Casting 154
West Africa and the Niger River, c. 1000 bce–1000 ce 59 Bronzes from Regions outside the Shang Center,
MAKING IT REAL • Lost-Wax Casting Techniques for c. 1300–c. 1050 bce 154
Copper Alloys 62 Variation and Variety in Later Bronzes, c. 1050–256 bce 156
Conquest and the Terra-cotta Army of the First Emperor of Qin 158
3 Art of Mesopotamia and West Asia 5000–2000 bce
Harmanşah 65 9 Cycladic and Minoan Art 3000–1200 bce Colburn 161
Regional Cultures in Early Mesopotamia 66 The Cyclades in the Early Bronze Age, c. 3000–2000 bce 162
Urbanization in the Uruk Period, c. 3800–3100 bce 67 ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Forgeries and the Art Market 165
MAKING IT REAL • Writing in Mesopotamia 70 Crete in the Bronze Age: Myth and Reality, c. 3000–1180 bce 165
The Early Dynastic Period, 2950–2350 bce 73 Minoan Influence beyond Crete 172
The Akkadian Empire, 2334–2193 bce 77
Caring for the Cattle Pen and the Sheepfold, c. 2200–2000 bce 78 10 Mycenaean and Iron Age Greek Art 1700–600 bce
Colburn 176
4 Egyptian Art from the Predynastic Nile Valley through
Mycenaean Art, c. 1700–1180 bce 177
the Old Kingdom 4000–2000 bce Harmanşah 81 ART HISTORICAL THINKING • The Griffin Warrior of Pylos 184
The Predynastic Nile Valley, before c. 3000 bce 82 Early Iron Age/Protogeometric Art, c. 1100–900 bce 185
The Early Dynastic Period, 3000–2686 bce 85 Geometric Art, c. 900–700 bce 186
The Old Kingdom, c. 2686–2160 bce 87 Protoarchaic Art, c. 700–600 bce 187
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Ka Statues 88
Private Tombs in Old Kingdom Egypt 93 11 Art of Early South America before 600 ce Koontz 191
The Earliest Americans 192
SEEING CONNECTIONS • The Art of Trade and Diplomacy in the
Chavín, 900–200 bce: A Widely Shared Andean Religious Tradition 193
Bronze Age Colburn, Harmanşah 96 Paracas Weaving, c. 200 bce–200 ce 195
The Nasca Culture, c. 200 bce–500 ce 196
5 Art of West Asian Empires 2000–330 bce Harmanşah 98 MAKING IT REAL • Andean Weaving 197
Kingship and Justice in Babylon and Mari, 2000–1600 bce 99 The Moche Culture, c. 150–700 ce 199
Trade and Diplomacy in the Late Bronze Age, 1600–1200 bce 102 The Tiwanaku Culture, c. 200–500 ce 202
Iron Age: Syro-Hittite States, Neo-Assyrian Empire, and Neo-Babylonian
Empire, 1200–539 bce 105
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Babylonian Map of the World 111
The Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 bce 111
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2 19 Art of the Roman Empire from Augustus through
Part Early Cities and Empires
204
the Julio-Claudians 27 Bce–68 ce Colburn 320
The Imperial Ideology of Augustus 321
12 Art of Early Mesoamerica before 600 ce Koontz 206
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Gardenscape from the Villa of Livia
Olmec Sculpture, 1200–400 Bce 207
at Prima Porta 324
Olmec Cities: La Venta, c. 900–400 Bce 210
Restraint and Excess during the Julio-Claudian Dynasty 327
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • The Place of Maize in
Mesoamerican Culture 212
20 Art of the Roman Empire from the Flavians through the
Regional Developments and the Early Maya in Mesoamerica,
Good Emperors 69–192 ce Colburn 332
c. 400 Bce–150 ce 212
The Flavian Dynasty 333
Teotihuacan: An Early American Metropolis, c. 150–650 ce 215
MAKING IT REAL • Roman Concrete 335
The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty: The Roman Empire under
SEEING CONNECTIONS • Stolen Things: Looting and Repatriation
the Good Emperors 338
of Ancient Objects Harmanşah, Hutton, Visonà 219
21 Art of Rising Empires in Japan and China 400 Bce–581 ce
13 Archaic and Early Classical Greek Art 600–460 Bce
Lee 346
Colburn 221
Art and Culture of the Yayoi and Kofun Periods in Japan,
Archaic Art, c. 600–480 Bce 222
c. 400 Bce–538 ce 347
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • The Greek Orders 225
Diverse Worldviews during the Han Dynasty in China,
Early Classical Art, c. 480–460 Bce 231
206 Bce–220 ce 350
Period of Division: Elite Culture in South China, 220–581 ce 354
14 Art of Classical Greece 450–400 Bce Colburn 238
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Writing as Art 356
Perikles and the Athenian Akropolis 239
Period of Division: Buddhist Culture in North China, 220–581 ce 358
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • The Parthenon Marbles
and Cultural Heritage 246
SEEING CONNECTIONS • The Cultural Power of Gold across
Polykleitos of Argos and His Kanon 249
the World Colburn, Koontz, Lee 362
Classical Bronzes 250
Women in Classical Art and Ritual 251
22 Art of the Late Roman Empire 193–337 ce Colburn 364
Athenian Red-Figure Pottery 252
The Severan Dynasty, 193–235 365
The Soldier Emperors and Imperial Portraiture in a Period of Disunity,
15 Late Classical Greek and Hellenistic Art 400–31 Bce
235–284 369
Colburn 254
Diocletian and the Tetrarchy, 284–305 370
The Late Classical Period, c. 400–323 Bce 255
Constantine and the Reunification of the Roman Empire, 312–337 370
The Hellenistic Period, 323–31 Bce 262
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Rome’s Legacy in American Political
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Indo-Greek Art 263
Art and Symbolism 373
SEEING CONNECTIONS • Early Global Networks: The Silk Road 23 Jewish and Christian Art in Late Antiquity 150–500 ce
Colburn, Lee 270
Luttikhuizen 377
Art and Religious Plurality in Late Antiquity 378
16 The Development of Buddhist and Hindu Art in South Asia
Developing a Christian Iconography 383
and Southeast Asia 250 Bce–800 ce Hutton 272
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • On the Initial Absence of
The Emergence of Buddhist Art in South Asia 273
Christian Imagery 385
Images of the Buddha 278
Early Christian Architecture 387
Art of the Gupta Era, 320–550 ce 279
Ravenna and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in 493 ce 392
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Hindu Narrative Art 283
Cave Architecture in South Asia, from c. 100 Bce 283
Early Buddhist and Hindu Art in Southeast Asia 286 Part 3 The Spread of Religions
396
17 Villanovan and Etruscan Art 900–270 Bce Colburn 289 24 The Development of Islamic Art in North Africa, West Asia,
Villanovan Society, c. 900–720 Bce 290 and Central Asia 600–1000 Hutton 398
Etruscan Art of the Protoarchaic Period, c. 720–575 Bce 291
The Beginnings of the Islamic Faith 399
Etruscan Art of the Archaic Period, c. 575–480 Bce 294
Monumental Art of the Umayyad Dynasty, 661–750 401
MAKING IT REAL • Etruria, Rome, and the Roman Arch 296
Artistic Innovations of the Early Abbasid Dynasty, 750–1000 406
Etruscan Art of the Classical Period, c. 480–300 Bce 299
GOING TO THE SOURCE • An Account of Abbasid Palaces 407
Etruscan Art under Rome 301
Calligraphy and the Qur’an 410
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Defining Islamic Art 413
18 Art of the Roman Republic 509–27 Bce Colburn 303
Roman Religion and the Eclecticism of the Roman Temple 304
Pompeii and the Roman City 305
The Roman House 311
Portraiture of the Republic 316
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • The Barberini Togatus
and the Historiography of Roman Art 318
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25 Art of African Kingdoms and Empires 300–1500 Visonà 414 SEEING CONNECTIONS • Pax Mongolica Hutton, Lee 528
Aksum and the Highlands of Ethiopia, 300–1500 415
Southern African Kingdoms and the Swahili Coast, 1000–1500 419 32 Transformative Eras and Art in Korea and Japan 1200–1600
GOING TO THE SOURCE • The Rihla of Ibn Battuta 423 Lee 530
Empires of the Upper Niger and the Sahel, 500–1500 423 Buddhism and Art of Goryeo Korea, 918–1392 531
The Yoruba Kingdom of Ile-Ife, 800–1400 426 Confucianism and Art of Early Joseon Korea, 1392–1592 533
Civil War and Art of Kamakura Period Japan, 1185–1333 535
26 Monumental Art in South Asia and Southeast Asia Zen Buddhism and Art in Kamakura (1185–1333) and Muromachi
700–1400 Hutton 429 (1392–1573) Japan 537
Monuments with Multiple Meanings: Mamallapuram and Borobudur 430 Hideyoshi, Warlord and Patron in Momoyama Period Japan,
North and South Indian Hindu Temples 434 1573–1615 539
Angkor Wat and Khmer Art 439 LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Namban Byōbu 540
Early Islamic Architecture in South Asia: The Qutb Complex 441
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Shifting Our Gaze from Monuments 33 The Regionalization of Islamic Art in North Africa, West
to Material Culture 442 Asia, and Central Asia 1000–1400 Hutton 544
Architectural Advances under the Later Abbasids
27 The Dissemination of Buddhism and East Asian Art and their Successor States, c. 900–1250 545
500–1200 Lee 446 Luxury Art under the Later Abbasids and their Successor States,
Early Buddhist Art in Korea and Japan 447 c. 1000–1250 550
The Tang Dynasty (618–906) and Buddhist Art in China 451 Art under the Ilkhanids, c. 1250–1350 552
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Influence, Appropriation, MAKING IT REAL • Pile-Carpet Construction 553
or Adaptation? 454 Art under the Mamluks, c. 1250–1400 556
Buddhist Art and Themes in Japan’s Nara (710–94) and
Heian (794–1185) Periods 455 SEEING CONNECTIONS • The Art of Writing Hutton, Lee,
Luttikhuizen 560
SEEING CONNECTIONS • Art and Ritual Kjellgren, Koontz,
Lee, Luttikhuizen 462 34 Art of the Mediterranean World 500–1500 Luttikhuizen 562
Early Medieval Iberia, 500–1000 563
28 Art of the Byzantine Empire 540–1450 Luttikhuizen 464 Iberia and North Africa, 1000–1230 568
Justinian’s Constantinople, 527–565 465 Norman Sicily, 1090–1230 571
Icons, Iconoclasm, and the Presence of the Divine in Early Iberia and the Crusades, 1230–1500 572
Byzantine Art, 565–843 471 GOING TO THE SOURCE • Inscription from the Lindaraja Mirador of
GOING TO THE SOURCE • The Icon Debate 471 the Alhambra 577
Art of the Middle Byzantine Period, 843–1204 473
Late Byzantine Art 1204–1453 477 35 Romanesque Art and Architecture in Europe 1000–1200
Luttikhuizen 578
29 Art of Early Medieval Europe 600–1250 Luttikhuizen 480 Monastic Competition and Reform, c. 1000–1150 579
Insular Imagery, c. 600–1000 481 The Way of St. James and Pilgrimage Churches, c. 1000–1150 580
Charlemagne and Carolingian Culture, c. 800–900 484 The Norman Conquest of England, c. 1050–1200 586
Bishop Bernward and Ottonian Art, c. 900–1050 488 Imperial Ambitions in Germanic Lands, c. 1050–1200 588
Early Medieval Art and Architecture in Scandinavia, c. 1100–1250 492 GOING TO THE SOURCE • Debating the Value of Art 590
MAKING IT REAL • The Golden Madonna of Essen 493
36 Gothic Art and Architecture in Europe 1200–1400
30 Art of the Americas 600–1300 Koontz 497 Luttikhuizen 592
Maya Art and Architecture in the Late Classic Period, 600–900 498 French Gothic Architecture, 1140–1260 593
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Archaeological MAKING IT REAL • Rib Vaults and Pointed Arches 599
Reconstructions 502 Louis IX and the Courtly Style, 1240–1350 600
Changes in Mesoamerica, c. 900 504 English Gothic Architecture, 1200–1400 602
Regional Developments in Mesoamerica and Central America, Late Medieval Germany and Bohemia, 1200–1400 604
600–1300 506
Wari Art in the Andes, 600–1000 507 37 Art of the Later Middle Ages in Italy 1200–1400
Art in North America, 600–1300 508 Luttikhuizen 608
Seeking the Common Good 609
31 Art during the Song and Yuan Dynasties of China Piety, Politics, and the Maniera Greca 614
960–1368 Lee 513 Proximity to the Divine 618
Art of the Southern Tang Kingdom, 937–975 514 MAKING IT REAL • Fresco 622
Art during the Northern Song Dynasty, 960–1127 515
GOING TO THE SOURCE • Guo Xi’s Writing on Landscape 517
Art at the Southern Song Court, 1127–1279 520
Art during the Yuan Dynasty, 1279–1368 521
Buddhist Art during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, 960–1368 524
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4 45 Renaissance Art in Italy at the Turn of the
Part Looking Inward, Exploring Outward
624
Sixteenth Century
1470–1520 Palmer 731
38 Fifteenth-Century Renaissance Art in Florence
The Science of Art 732
1400–1500 Palmer 626
The Classical Ideal 736
Patronage and Civic Virtue in Florence 627
GOING TO THE SOURCE • The Neo-Platonic Ideals of
Perspective and the Viewer 631
Michelangelo 739
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Finding the Narrative in Ghiberti’s
Art at the Vatican 739
Jacob and Esau 633
Color and Light 635
46 Sixteenth-Century Art of Northern Europe 1500–1600
The Language of Classicism 638
Palmer 746
Art and Religious Beliefs at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century 747
39 Fifteenth-Century Renaissance Art in South, Central,
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • The Scene of Hell in Bosch’s
and Northern Italy 1400–1500 Palmer 642
Garden of Earthly Delights 749
Art in Courtly Culture 643
Portraiture 751
GOING TO THE SOURCE • Leon Battista Alberti, On Painting 649
The Rise of Secular Art 754
The Making and Materials of Art 650
The Mathematics of Art 653
47 Sixteenth-Century Art of Italy 1500–1600 Palmer 760
Mannerist Art in Florence 761
40 Fifteenth-Century Art of France, Flanders, and Germany
Art and Architecture in Northern Italy 766
1400–1500 Palmer 657
The Catholic Reformation 772
Valois Courtly Art in France and Flanders 658
GOING TO THE SOURCE • The Council of Trent 775
Art for the Merchants and Bankers in Flanders 663
Art in the Holy Roman Empire 669
48 Sixteenth-Century Art of Spain, France, and England
MAKING IT REAL • Engraving 671
1500–1600 Palmer 777
The International Empire of Spain 778
SEEING CONNECTIONS • The World in Perspective Lee, Palmer 674
Royal Patronage in France 781
Art in England during the Tudor Dynasty 785
41 Art of Mesoamerica and North America after 1300
LOOKING MORE CLOSELY • Holbein, The Ambassadors 787
Koontz 676
Myth and Art in the Center of the Aztec World: Templo Mayor at
SEEING CONNECTIONS • Blue-and-White Porcelain:
Tenochtitlán (1430–1521) 677
A Global Commodity Lee, Sloboda 792
GOING TO THE SOURCE • Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Conquest
of New Spain 679
49 African Art and Global Trade 1450–1860 Visonà 794
The Arrival of the Spanish and Mexican Monasteries (1521–1600) 683
Foreign Exports and Local Art: The Sapi 795
Art of North America after 1300 684
Art of Kongo and Allada 797
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Native American or
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Clothing and Formal Analysis 799
American Art? 689
Art and History in Benin 800
Art of Central Africa: The Kuba and Karagwe 804
42 Art of Central and South America 1100–1550 Koontz 692
Art and Conflict: Asante and the Bidjogo 805
The Chimú, c. 1100–1400 693
The Inka, c. 1400–1550 695
50 Islamic Art of Empires in North Africa, West Asia,
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Religious Thought in
and Central Asia 1400–1800 Hutton 808
the Andes 669
Timurid Art 809
Central American Metalwork, c. 1100–1550 701
MAKING IT REAL • Persian Manuscript Painting 812
Safavid Art 812
SEEING CONNECTIONS • Mapping the World Kjellgren, Palmer,
Ottoman Art 818
Sloboda 702
51 Early Modern Art of South Asia and Southeast Asia
43 Art in Late Imperial China 1368–1795 Lee 704
1400–1800 Hutton 825
Art for Court Officials and Retired Recluses 705
Portable Objects and Trade, 1300s–1500s 826
Luxury Objects 707
Mughal Art 829
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Dong Qichang and Distinction 710
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • The Many Meanings of
The Ming–Qing Transition 710
an Icon 835
Late Imperial Cities: Suzhou and Beijing 713
Painting from Rajasthan and the Punjab Hills 835
The Qianlong Emperor and Art 715
Southeast Asian Art, 1500s–1700s 837
44 Art in Early Modern Korea and Japan 1600–1900 Lee 718
52 Art of Oceania 1200–1800 Kjellgren 841
Elite and Popular Art in Late Joseon Korea, 1592–1910 719
Australia 842
Elite Art in Edo Japan, 1615–1868 723
ART HISTORICAL THINKING • Dating Rock Art 845
“The Floating World”: Popular Themes and Art in Edo Japan,
Melanesia 845
1615–1868 726
Micronesia 846
MAKING IT REAL • Polychrome Woodblock Printing 727
Polynesia 849
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