The Dynamics of the Upper Ocean

280 Pages·1966·10.554 MB·English

by  Owen M. Phillips

NUNC COCNOSCO EX PARTE
TRENT UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2019 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/dynamicsofupperoOOOOphil
CAMBRIDGE MONOGRAPHS
ON MECHANICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
GENERAL EDITORS
G. K. Batchelor, Ph.D., F.R.S.
Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Cambridge
J. W. Miles, Ph.D.
Professor of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
THE DYNAMICS OF THE
UPPER OCEAN

THE DYNAMICS OF THE
UPPER OCEAN
BY
O. M. PHILLIPS
Professor of Geophysical Mechanics,
The Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore
CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
1966
Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press
Bentley Plouse, 200 Euston Road, London N.W. 1
American Branch: 32 East 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10022
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 66-17054
Printed in Great Britain
at the University Printing House, Cambridge
(Brooke Crutchley, University Printer)
V
CONTENTS
Preface page vii
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The ocean environment i
1.2 The development of the subject 3
2. THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION
2.1 Specification of the motion 7
2.2 The equations of motion 8
2.3 The mechanical energy equation 13
2.4 The Boussinesq approximation 14
2.5 The Reynolds stresses 19
3. THE DYNAMICS OF SURFACE WAVES
3.1 The governing equations 22
3.2 Infinitesimal waves 25
3.3 Particle motions in irrotational flow 31
3.4 The influence of molecular viscosity 33
3.5 The ‘ conservation of waves ’ 43
3.6 The dynamical conservation equations 44
3.7 Some applications 52
3.8 Wave interactions 63
4. OCEAN SURFACE WAVES
4.1 The specification of a wave field 72
4.2 The generation of waves by wind 79
4.3 The coupling between wind and waves 87
4.4 Wave interactions 107
4.5 The equilibrium range 109
4.6 The development of the spectrum 119
4.7 Ripples and short gravity waves 131
110990
VI CONTENTS
4.8 The air flow over the sea page 139
4.9 Wave propagation and attenuation 145
4.10 The probability structure of the surface 154
5. INTERNAL WAVES
5.1 Introduction 158
5-2 Infinitesimal waves 161
5-3 The lowest internal mode 166
5-4 Small scale internal waves 173
5-5 The influence of a weak mean shear 178
5-6 The degradation of the lowest internal mode 185
5-7 Waves of tidal period 190
6. OCEANIC TURBULENCE
6.1 The occurrence of turbulence 198
6.2 The energy equation for the turbulence 200
6.3 The spectrum of turbulence 202
6.4 Local similarity theory 205
6-5 The maintenance of Reynolds stresses 217
6.6 Turbulence in the surface layer 222
6.7 Entrainment 235
6.8 Thermocline erosion 239
Bibliography
244
Index
257