Table Of ContentThe Democratisation of EU International
Relations Through EU Law
SincetheentryintoforceoftheTreatyofLisbon,keyimprovementshaveoccurredin
thedemocratisationofEUinternationalrelationsthroughtheincreasedpowersofthe
European Parliament. Nevertheless, a comprehensive legal analysis of the new
developmentsindemocraticcontrolofEUexternalactionhasnotyetbeenperformed.
This book aims to improve the understanding of the set of mechanisms through
which democratic control is exerted over EU external action, in times of profound
transformationsofthelegalandpoliticalarchitectureoftheEuropeanintegrationpro-
cess. It analyses the role of the Court of Justice in the democratisation of interna-
tional relations through EU law, and further provides a legal overview of the role
of the European Parliament in the conduct of the EU's international relations. In
thoseareaswherethe powersoftheParliamenthavegreatlyincreasedthebookaimsto
raisequestionsastowhetherthisenhancedpositionhascontributedtoamoreconsistent
externalaction.Atthesametime,thebookaimstocontributetothedebateonjudicial
activism in connection with the democratisation of EU external action. It offers the
reader a detailed and topical analysis of the recent developments in democratic con-
trol of external action which are of relevance in the daily practice of EU external
relations lawyers, including the topic of mixed agreements.
This text will be of key interest to scholars and students working on EU external
relations law, EU institutional law, European Union studies/politics, international
relations, and more broadly to policy-makers and practitioners, particularly to those
withaninterestintheEuropeanParliamentandtheCourtofJusticeoftheEuropean
Union.
Juan Santos Vara is Jean Monnet Chair in EU External Action, Professor of Public
InternationalLawandEuropeanLaw,DirectoroftheMasterinEuropeanStudiesand
Coordinator of the European Joint Master’s in Strategic Border Management at the
UniversityofSalamanca, Spain.
Soledad R. Sánchez-Tabernero is Doctoral researcher at the Department of Public
International Law and EU Law of the University of Salamanca and Analyst at the
InstitutionalTeamof the European Political Strategy Centre of the European Com-
mission. The views expressed in this contribution are exclusively those of the author,
writing in her personal capacity, and do not represent the Institution that she works
for.
Routledge/UACES Contemporary European Studies
TheprimaryobjectiveofthenewContemporaryEuropean Studies seriesisto
providearesearchoutletforscholarsofEuropeanStudiesfromalldisciplines.
The series publishes important scholarly works and aims to forge for itself an
international reputation.
EditedbyChadDamro,UniversityofEdinburgh,UK,ElaineFahey,
City University London, UK, and David Howarth, University of
Luxembourg, Luxembourg, on behalfof the University Association
for Contemporary European Studies
Editorial Board: Grainne De Búrca, European University Institute and
ColumbiaUniversity;AndreasFøllesdal,NorwegianCentreforHumanRights,
University of Oslo;PeterHolmes,UniversityofSussex;LiesbetHooghe,Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam;
David Phinnemore, Queen’s University Belfast; Ben Rosamond, Universityof
Warwick; Vivien Ann Schmidt, University of Boston; Jo Shaw, University of
Edinburgh; Mike Smith, Universityof Loughborough and Loukas Tsoukalis,
ELIAMEP,UniversityofAthensand European University Institute.
The Contested Diplomacy of the European External Action Service
Inception, Establishment and Consolidation
Jost-Henrik Morgenstern-Pomorski
Power Politics, Banking Union and EMU
Adjusting Europe to Germany
Shawn Donnelly
EU Human Rights and Democratization Policies
Achievements and Challenges
Edited by Felipe Gómez Isa, Cristina Churruca and Jan Wouters
The Democratisation of EU International Relations Through EU Law
Edited by Juan Santos Vara and Soledad R. Sánchez-Tabernero
Commercial Realism and EU Trade Policy
Competing for Economic Power in Asia and the Americas
Katharina L. Meissner
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.
com/Routledge-UACES-Contemporary-European-Studies/book-series/UACES.
The Democratisation of EU
International Relations Through
EU Law
Edited by
Juan Santos Vara and
Soledad R. Sánchez-Tabernero
Firstpublished2019
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Contents
List of illustrations vii
List of principal abbreviations viii
List of contributors xi
Acknowledgement xiii
Foreword xiv
The democratic legitimacy of EU international relations:
an introduction 1
JUANSANTOSVARAANDSOLEDADR.SÁNCHEZ-TABERNERO
PARTI
The role of the Court of Justice in the interplay between
democracy and institutional balance 19
1 Lost in principles? Institutional balance and democracy in the
ECJ case lawon EU external action 21
LUISN.GONZÁLEZALONSO
2 The CJEU and the external powers of the Parliament:
self-restraint or activism? 39
FABIENTERPAN
PARTII
The role of the European Parliament in the conclusion of
international agreements in the Post-Lisbon period 61
3 The European Parliament in the conclusion of international
agreements post-Lisbon: entrenched betweenvalues and
prerogatives 63
JUANSANTOSVARA
vi Contents
4 A tale of two principles: exploring the democracy-consistency
nexus in light of the pirate-transfer saga 82
SOLEDADR.SÁNCHEZ-TABERNERO
5 The democratic puzzle of ‘living’ megaregional agreements: TTIP
and TPP 97
DAVORJANCˇIC´
6 The role of the European Parliament in the adoption of non-
legally binding agreementswith third countries 115
PAULAGARCÍAANDRADE
PARTIII
Democratic oversight by the European Parliament: beyond the
conclusion of international agreements 133
7 Legal aspects of parliamentary oversight in EU foreign and
security policy 135
RAMSESA.WESSEL
8 Oversight trumped by secrets? How access to information and
leaks affect European parliamentary oversight in foreign policy 155
VIGJILENCAABAZI
9 The financial dimension of democratic legitimacy in EU external
policies: Linking audit and political accountability 169
MARÍALUISASÁNCHEZ-BARRUECO
PARTIV
The role of national democracies in a multilevel system: a needed
extra layer of legitimacy? 193
10 Rebels with a cause? Parliaments and EU trade policy after the
Treatyof Lisbon 195
JANWOUTERSANDKOLJARAUBE
11 National parliaments and mixed agreements: exploring the legal
bumps in a rocky relationship 210
GUILLAUMEVANDERLOO
Index 239
Illustrations
Figures
9.1 Share of Special Reports on external policies, and specifically the
CFSP (1990–March 2017). 179
9.2 Regularity:shareofirregularitiesintheoverallerrorrate,bytype. 179
Table
2.1 Legal interpretation and strategic position of the CJEU in cases
related to the external powers of the Parliament 51
List of principal abbreviations
AA Association Agreement
ACP Group African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States
ACTA Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
AFET European Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs
AFSJ Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
AG Advocate General
AJCL American Journal of Comparative Law
APSR American Political Science Review
BJALS British Journal of American Legal Studies
CCP Common Commercial Policy
CEPS Centre for European Policy Studies
CETA Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy
CIS Center for Comparative and International Studies
CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union
CJICL Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law
CLEER Centre for the Lawof EU External Relations
CML Rev Common Market Law Review
COBU European Parliament’s Committee on Budgets
CONT European Parliament’s Committee on Budgetary Control
CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy
CUP Cambridge University Press
DEVE European Parliament’s Committee on Development
DG DEVCO Directorate-General for International Cooperation and
Development
DG NEAR Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement
Negotiations
EBLR European Business Law Review
ECA European Court of Auditors
ECHO European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid
ECHR The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms
ECJ European Court of Justice
List of principal abbreviations ix
ECtHR European Court of Human Rights
EDF European Development Fund
EEA European Economic Area
EEAS European External Action Service
EFA Rev European Foreign Affairs Review
EIB European Investment Bank
EILR Emory International Law Review
EIPAScope Journal of European Institute of Public Administration
EJDR The European Journal of Development Research
EJIL European Journal of International Law
EJPR European Journal of Political Research
EJRR European Journal of Risk Regulation
EL Rev European Law Review
ELJ European Law Journal
EO European Ombudsman
EP European Parliament
ESDP European Security and Defence Policy
EU European Union
EUCI European Union Classified Information
EUI European University Institute
EUIA European Union in International Affairs Conference
FPI Service for Foreign Policy Instruments
FTA Free Trade Agreement
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GC General Court
GMO Genetically Modified Organism
GWLR George Washington Law Review
Hanse LR Hanse Law Review
HR/VP Vice-President of the Commission/High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
I.CON International Journal of Constitutional Law
ICLQ International and Comparative Law Quarterly
ICS Investment Court System
IIA Interinstitutional Agreement
IJLIT International Journal of Law and Information Technology
ILO International Labour Organization
INTA European Parliament’s Committee on International Trade
Intl International
The Intl
Spectator The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International
Affairs
IPC Interparliamentary Conference
ISDS Investor-State Dispute Settlement
ISPI Italian Institute for International Political Studies
ITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
