the college admissions frenzy education supplement advancing diversity us-latin america relations

116 Pages·2015·16.53 MB·English

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JUNE 2015
ADVANCING DIVERSITY
THE COLLEGE ADMISSIONS FRENZY
EDUCATION SUPPLEMENT
U.S.-LATIN AMERICA
RELATIONS: TWO PATHS

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FOREIGN
SERVICE
June 2015
Volume 92, No. 5
FOCUS ON DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION AFSA NEWS
Governing Board Candidates
Human Rights for LGBT Persons / 20
Hold Town Hall Meetings / 51
A Q&A WITH SPECIAL ENVOY RANDY BERRY AFSA Welcomes QDDR Release / 51
VP Voice State – Congressional
Advocacy / 52
How Far We’ve Come, How Far We Have to Go / 25
VP Voice FCS – FS Diversity and
BY SELIM ARITURK the Civil Rights Act of 1964 / 53
VP Voice Retiree – The Case for
Mentoring / 54
Promoting an LGBT-Inclusive Human Rights Agenda / 28
AFSA Launches Palmer Award / 54
BY RICHMOND BLAKE Foreign Service Advocacy Day / 55
AFSA on the Hill / 56
Diversity: The Mentoring Dimension / 34 DACOR Hosts Vietnam Hands / 57
Working with Affinity Groups / 58
BY JENNIFER ZIMDAHL GALT AND THAO ANH TRAN
AFSA Road Scholars in D.C. / 59
A History of AFSA / 59
Toward a Foreign Service Reflecting America / 39
Issue Brief: On State Department
BY LIA MILLER Workforce Development / 60
Retiree Job Search Program / 61
Making Inclusion Real: Affinity Groups in Action / 41 AFSA President Reaches Out to
Students / 62
Promoting Disability Diversity at the State Department Speakers Bureau Grows / 64
BY AMANDA RICHARD AFSA Welcomes New Staff and
Summer Interns / 64
BIG: Working to Make Diversity Operational
Rivkin Award Donor Luncheon / 65
BY MARCUS C. SINGLETON
COLUMNS
Executive Women @ State: Breaking Barriers
President’s Views / 7
BY SUSAN STEVENSON A Story of Foreign
Service Leadership
Celebrating Arab-Americans in Foreign Affairs
BY ROBERT J. SILVERMAN
BY JAMAL AL-MUSSAWI
Letter from the Editor / 8
Advancing Diversity and Inclusion
FEATURE
BY SHAWN DORMAN
The United States and Latin America:
Speaking Out / 17
Individuals vs. Institutions / 46 Employee Plus One:
Marriage and the War for Talent
BY THOMAS E. MCNAMARA BY MICHAEL GUEST
EDUCATION SUPPLEMENT DEPARTMENTS
Letters / 9
Frank Bruni Takes on College Admissions Insanity / 66 Talking Points / 13
Books /103
BY FRANCESCA KELLY Local Lens / 114
Schools At A Glance / 78, 80, 82 MARKETPLACE
Classifieds / 106
Gap Happy: One FS Student’s Experience / 97 Real Estate / 109
Index to Advertisers / 112
BY MARYBETH HUNTER
On the cover: Consul General Randy Berry addresses the annual Pride Reception at Consul-
ate General Amsterdam on July 29, 2014, during the Amsterdam Gay Pride festival. Photo:
Edgar van de Burgt/U.S. Consulate General Amsterdam.
THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | JUNE 2015 5
FOREIGN
S
SERVICE
T
C
Editor
A
Shawn Dorman: [email protected] www.afsa.org
T
Managing Editor N
Susan Brady Maitra: [email protected] O
Associate Editor C
Maria C. Livingston: [email protected]
AFSA Headquarters: LABOR MANAGEMENT
Editorial/Publications Specialist [phone]; Fax [phone] General Counsel
Brittany DeLong: [email protected] State Department AFSA Office: Sharon Papp: [email protected]
[phone]; Fax [phone] Deputy General Counsel
Ad & Circulation Manager
USAID AFSA Office: Zlatana Badrich: [email protected]
Ed Miltenberger: [email protected]
[phone]; Fax [phone] Labor Management Specialist
Art Director FCS AFSA Office: James Yorke: [email protected]
Caryn Suko Smith [phone]; Fax [phone] Senior Staff Attorney
Neera Parikh: [email protected]
Editorial Intern GOVERNING BOARD
Staff Attorney
Shannon Mizzi President
Raeka Safai: [email protected]
Robert J. Silverman: [email protected]
Advertising Intern Staff Attorney
Secretary Angela Dickey: [email protected]
William Read Andrew Large: [email protected]
Treasurer Hon. Charles A. Ford: [email protected]
Labor Management Counselor
Contributing Editor State Vice President
Colleen Fallon-Lenaghan:
Steven Alan Honley Matthew K. Asada: [email protected]
[email protected]
USAID Vice President
Editorial Board Labor Management Assistant
Sharon Wayne: [email protected]
Beth Payne, Chair Jason Snyder: [email protected]
FCS Vice President
Hon. Gordon S. Brown Executive Assistant
Steve Morrison: [email protected]
Stephen W. Buck Lindsey Botts: [email protected]
FAS Vice President
Ruth M. Hall USAID Senior Labor Management Adviser
Mark Petry: [email protected]
Richard McKee Douglas Broome: [email protected]
Retiree Vice President
John G. Rendeiro Jr. USAID Staff Assistant
Lawrence Cohen: lawrencecohenassociates@
Duncan Walker Chioma Dike: [email protected]
hotmail.com
Tracy Whittington
State Representatives MEMBER SERVICES
Chuck Fee (AFSA Governing Board liaison)
Ronnie Catipon Member Services Director
Todd Crawford Janet Hedrick: [email protected]
THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Chuck Fee Membership Representative
PROFESSIONALS
Neeru Lal Natalie Cheung: [email protected]
The Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0146-3543), 2101 E
Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is pub- Ken Kero-Mentz Retiree Counselor
lished monthly, with combined January-February and Ronita Macklin Todd Thurwachter: [email protected]
July-August issues, by the American Foreign Service Elise Mellinger Coordinator, Retiree Counseling
Association (AFSA), a private, nonprofit organization.
Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the Homeyra Mokhtarzada and Legislation
writers and does not necessarily represent the views of Nancy Rios-Brooks Matthew Sumrak: [email protected]
the Journal, the Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries Daniel Spokojny Administrative Assistant and Office Manager
and submissions are invited, preferably by email. The
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Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts,
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AFSA reserves the right to reject advertising that is not FCS Representative Director of Communications
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sduubessc; rsitputdioenn:t A–F$S3A0 ;m inesmtitbuetri–on$–2$0,4 i0n;c olutdheedrs i–n$ a5n0n;u Sailn gle Retiree Representatives Shawn Dorman: [email protected]
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© American Foreign Service Association, 2015
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6 JUNE 2015 | THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL
PRESIDENT’S VIEWS
A Story of Foreign Service Leadership
BY ROBERT J. SILVERMAN
Advocating for the Foreign ranges, skirt the Armenia-Azerbaijan war like Ex-Im and OPIC, and the banks, as
Service has taught me some in Nagorno-Karabakh, and connect insur- well as the internal calculations of both
lessons. Among them is this: the gencies in Georgia and Eastern Turkey? the international companies and the
old saw that the Foreign Service The initial response was a flat no. local governments. They spoke with each
has no constituency on Capitol Hill is We can’t get ahead of the commercial party in his or her own language, but kept
wrong. We have the Virginia and Maryland decision-making; we support multiple foremost in mind the strategic goals of the
delegations, with thousands of Foreign pipelines and won’t take sides between United States.
Service members. Then we have a diffuse them. Furthermore, our leadership (Strobe So in May 2006, 13 years after the idea
group who know the Foreign Service Talbott and Jim Collins) do not want us was first raised with the department, the
somewhat and are interested, but need involved in former Soviet projects opposed Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline began deliv-
more information. This situation creates by our friends in Moscow. ering Azeri oil to tankers in the Mediter-
good storytelling opportunities. Several factors converged to change the ranean, preventing both Russia and Iran
Allow me to travel back to December Washington consensus. The project had an from gaining a chokehold on Azerbaijan’s
1991, when Secretary James A. Baker American commercial champion. A major economic independence. Later a paral-
announced that we would open 12 new regional ally, Turkey, was committed to it. lel pipeline for Azeri gas was built, giving
embassies in the former Soviet Union. The A steady demand for oil helped. But former Georgia an alternative source of supply to
department offered to break assignments players on this issue cite one element as Russian gas and helping preserve Georgia’s
and move us to exotic places in Central indispensable: Foreign Service officers independence.
Asia and the Caucasus. One key require- who persisted in advocating for the project Foreign Service officers and Civil
ment was for economic officers to help knowing that it was both doable and good Service experts were not the only U.S. gov-
new countries gain economic indepen- for U.S. strategic interests. ernment players. This was an interagency
dence, and thus effective sovereignty, from I am talking about mostly entry- and team effort, largely led by FSOs, but involv-
Moscow. mid-level economic officers, together ing the whole of government.
This is the story of how the U.S. govern- with Civil Service experts, who drafted My main take-away from this story
ment got involved in one project, and cables and memos, took assignments has nothing to do with pipelines. (In fact,
helped international oil companies build that involved energy issues, and had the the success of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan may
a thousand-mile pipeline to bring Caspian support of their ambassadors, assistant have led us, and others, to over-invest in
oil and gas to the Mediterranean, bypass- secretaries and National Security Coun- pipelines as a potential foreign policy tool.)
ing existing Russian and Iranian pipelines cil senior officials. These career officers It has to do with investing in the Foreign
and securing the independence of Azer- were indispensable partly because newly Service as the indispensable tool, and in
baijan and Georgia. independent, former Soviets sought the relying on career officials to lead efforts
It was an improbable project when comfort of a government-to-government aimed at long-term, strategic results.
first raised with relationship to enter into deals with the You no doubt have many stories that
the department capitalists running our oil companies. resonate with members of Congress and
in January 1993. More generally, however, the FSOs the public. Please contact AFSA as you
Support a pipeline offered then—and still offer today—a think about ways of telling them.
that would cross unique combination of skills. They under- Be well, stay safe and keep in touch,
the Caucasus and stood the capabilities of the World Bank Bob
Taurus mountain and IMF, the state export credit agencies [email protected] n
Robert J. Silverman is the president of the American Foreign Service Association.
THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | JUNE 2015 7
L E T T E R F R O M T H E E D I T O R
Advancing Diversity and Inclusion
BY SHAWN DORMAN
T
he Foreign Service Act of 1980 to evolve, pick up speed and gain vis- In our Speaking Out column,
says that the United States ibility. We begin our focus with a look “Employee Plus One: Marriage and the
should have a professional at the current highest-profile diversity War for Talent,” retired Ambassador
Foreign Service that is repre- and inclusion issue, rights for LGBT Michael Guest lauds the major steps
sentative of the American people. The 2015 persons (a category that encompasses toward equality LGBT federal employees
Quadrennial Diplomacy and Develop- lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender have taken, but warns that this is not the
ment Review for the State Department individuals, but can include other gender right time for State to end the Same-Sex
and USAID echoes that call. But does the identities and allies, as well). All eyes are Domestic Partners program.
Foreign Service look like America? Not yet. on the Supreme Court and its imminent Considering diversity and inclusion
“The Foreign Service Is Too White,” decision on marriage equality. more broadly, FSO Lia Miller looks at
Ambassadors Thomas R. Pickering and The foreign affairs agencies continue two innovative programs that help bring
Edward J. Perkins lament in a May 18 to grapple with the changing landscape, diversity into the Foreign Service, the
Washington Post op-ed. The most recent both internally for their employees and Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs
statistics available from State’s Office externally, as they manage and advance Fellowship and the Charles B. Rangel
of Human Resources show that as of diversity and inclusion issues. International Affairs Program. Then
2012, 80 percent of State FS officers and This spring, the State Department Consul General Jennifer Zimdahl Galt
specialists were white, 7 percent black, 5.7 established a new position—Special and entry-level FSO Thao Anh Tran team
percent Hispanic/Latino and 6.6 percent Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBT up to discuss the power of mentorship
Asian-American. Of the total, 34.8 percent Persons—and tapped FSO Randy Berry to sustain that diversity into the senior
were women. In contrast, the U.S. popula- to carry the message of inclusivity both at ranks.
tion in 2013 was about 62 percent white, home and abroad. Just before taking up Finally, in “Making Diversity Real,”
17 percent Hispanic/Latino, 12 percent his post in May, Mr. Berry told us about four affinity groups—Disability Action
black and 5 percent Asian-American. Of plans for the new role and the ways he’ll Group, Blacks In Government, Execu-
the total, 51 percent were women. try to coordinate across federal agencies tive Women @ State and the newly
Those numbers do not tell the whole to ensure that the U.S. approach to the established Arab-Americans in Foreign
story, of course. For about the last 20 global protection of the rights of LGBT Affairs—give an overview of their work.
years, the State Department recruitment persons is consistent and focused on tan- We will feature other affinity groups in
division has prioritized bringing in more gible results. Find out more in that Q&A, future issues of the Journal.
minority candidates, chiefly by working to “Aiming for Sustainable Progress.” As Amb. Pickering and Amb. Perkins
raise awareness among underrepresented In “How Far We’ve Come, How Far say in their Washington Post op-ed, “U.S.
groups of the Foreign Service as a potential We Have to Go,” GLIFAA President Selim foreign policy is informed and improved
career path. But awareness and hiring are Ariturk offers his take on progress for both by a wider range of experiences, under-
only the first major hurdles. The next is the group—founded in 1992 as Gays and standings and outlooks. To represent
retention, and the jury Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies—and America abroad and relate to the world
is still out on that. the issue, and challenges that remain. beyond our borders, the nation needs
Meanwhile, the Next, FSO Richmond Blake presents diplomats whose family stories, language
national conversation an overview of how the United States is skills, religious traditions and cultural
about diversity and working overseas to promote an LGBT- sensitivities help them to establish con-
inclusion continues inclusive human rights agenda. nections and avoid misunderstandings.”
Read on to find out more about how
Shawn Dorman is the editor of The Foreign Service Journal. that’s going. n
8 JUNE 2015 | THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL
Lessons of Vietnam of how, in 1975, a small group of mid- it was unnecessary. The respective sides
Thank you for the April Journal’s look level FSOs organized and then imple- had views of events and circumstances
back at Vietnam. I was struck by the mented the evacuation of large numbers almost totally at odds with each other.
reference in “History Revisited” (Editor’s of at-risk Vietnamese when Saigon fell The American frame of reference was
Introduction) to an AFSA editorial of June drew me powerfully back into that time. the Cold War and the need to contain
1975 advocating a “post mortem of the I was not in Saigon in 1968; I had left communism—hence the “domino
Vietnam era…to which the career Service for my next post (Kinshasa) only months theory”—and the Vietnamese
can contribute greatly.” You noted that before the Tet Offensive. frame of reference was their
“there is little to indicate that such an Although I was in the State experience of French colo-
assessment was ever undertaken.” Department in April 1975, I nialism. Their interest was in
One was in fact undertaken, albeit in was working on the Laos desk, national independence, not
haste, in early May of 1975. It was done vividly aware of what was going spreading communism.
in response to a memorandum from the on in Vietnam next door. Could such mutual
White House requesting an analysis of We may be grateful that misperceptions be operating
“The Lessons of Vietnam.” I drafted it, but some of these FSOs, in particu- also today, in, for instance,
it reflected comments and ideas of liter- lar Kenneth Quinn, Parker Borg our dealings with Iran?
ally dozens of FSOs and others who had and Joseph McBride, have now Theodore L. Lewis
served in Vietnam over many years and had a chance to tell their stories. FSO and FSR, retired
in many different capacities. They acted without official orders and to Germantown, Maryland
It was hardly a definitive study, of some extent contrary to them. But I think
course, but it was an honest first attempt they represented the Foreign Service at A Vietnam Backstory
to look comprehensively at what had its finest. The FSJ retrospectives on the fall of
gone wrong and why. The editor’s introduction commends, Saigon were excellent reading. However,
The paper never got to the president’s rightly, the call of the June 1975 Foreign there is another backstory worth telling,
desk. Instead it went to Henry Kissinger Service Journal for a “post-mortem” on which concerns advance warning to us
(both Secretary of State and National the Vietnam era. I believe the function by Vietnamese seers.
Security Advisor at the time), along with was admirably performed, later, by Rob- After my arrival in Saigon on March 6,
comments from his staff. A few days later, ert McNamara. 1973, my official duties included interac-
Kissinger wrote to the president, in his As Secretary of Defense in the Ken- tions with select opinion leaders who in
own inimitable style, on the lessons of nedy and Johnson administrations, he some cases turned out to be practitioners
Vietnam. was among the chief proponents of the of the occult.
Our memo (attached) was better, in Vietnam War. Yet in his books—In Retro- First was President Nguyen Van
my opinion. spect (1995) and Argument Without End Thieu’s astrologer. In mid-1973 he told
David Lambertson (1999)—he acknowledged, courageously, me that Thieu would be forced out of
Ambassador, retired that we were “terribly wrong.” His basis office in 1975 “after Tet.” This practitioner
Winchester, Kansas for saying this was a series of conferences of Chinese astrology had been consulted
(Editor’s note: Look for both memos in that he was instrumental in organizing by Thieu before the 1967 presidential
the July-August FSJ.) between senior American wartime lead- election and told Thieu he would win. For
ers, diplomatic and military, and their this reason, he was kept on for regular
Perceptions and Vietnamese counterparts, each side giv- advice.
Misperceptions ing their view of the course of the war and Another group of seers with whom I
The April FSJ is outstanding. I knew the negotiations attempting to end it. often met were Cao Dai Church educa-
that it was going to feature Vietnam, but Two salient conclusions emerge from tors in Tay Ninh Province. They organized
I was not prepared for its impact. The McNamara’s presentation. One is that the séances led by clairvoyant young women.
accounts both of what befell Embassy war was unwinnable at any acceptable The “spirits” indicated that the com-
Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive and cost. The other, even more striking, is that munist conquest was imminent. The Ho
THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | JUNE 2015 9
Chi Minh Trail, which moved tanks and how the country has moved along after a If AFSA is serious about supporting
troops south, ended near Tay Ninh. When period of uncertainty. diversity and inclusion, it must make
on one occasion I showed videotapes of There is still much to be learned from radical changes to its method of doing
the Paris Peace Accords in 1973, the Cao the American experience in Vietnam and business and providing services. A few
Dai politely saw through it as an empty how it applies to the issues of our day. years ago I was interested in volunteer-
exercise. Gilbert H. Sheinbaum ing for a committee but was told by AFSA
One provincial leader in central Viet- FSO, retired that if I didn’t live in the Washington,
nam had a remarkable gift of clairvoyance. Vienna, Virginia D.C., area it would be on me to make sure
In late September 1974, he warned that I that I got to the meetings.
was exposing my family to grave danger. Connecting With AFSA Earlier, I wrote an email to AFSA
He seemed to know that my wife and two I read with great admiration retired requesting that the organization be more
young children were in Saigon with me. Ambassador Robert M. Beecroft’s and responsive to those who don’t always think
He said that an order was being pre- AFSA President Robert J. Silverman’s let- and live inside the Beltway. I was told that
pared for my new assignment, and a mes- ters in the April 2015 Journal concerning it would take time to make any changes.
sage would arrive in two weeks. I asked inclusion of both diversity and objectivity I am sure changes can be made if
him if the assignment was in the United in selecting recipients of AFSA awards. AFSA wants to make them. Members
States or another country. As a regular reader of the Journal should not be limited to what commit-
He replied that I was going to a cold since retiring in 2009, I have observed lit- tees or meetings they can participate
country, not the United States. Indeed, an tle diversity and objectivity in the award in just because of their location. Cost is
official telegram from USIA Washington nominations or selections. Specialists minimal, if any, as there are several ways
came in early October offering me direct and other minorities (yes, I choose this to videoconference (e.g., Skype).
transfer to Embassy Santiago. term even though it seems outdated and Members, retired and active-duty,
This backstory on seers has a denoue- overused) do not seem to be included at need to become more involved in how
ment. On April 30, 1975, on local radio, the same rate as others. our union is communicating and doing
the Voice of America relay reported that Like many retirees, I regularly attend its job, even if we are not in the Washing-
President Duong Van Minh, aka General the State Department get-togethers— ton, D.C., area.
“Big” Minh, had surrendered to the North for specialists and officers—in my I am still sincerely dedicated to the
Vietnamese Army at Saigon’s Indepen- hometown. Some of us have gone on to principles of the Department of State. I
dence Palace. The news came to me while establish new careers and some have recently signed on to the AFSA Commu-
the cold autumn wind was blowing in continued to participate in State activities nity and have volunteered to monitor a
southern Chile, just as the provincial seer and even continue working, specialists retiree While Actually Employed group.
had predicted. and generalists alike. But there seems to I am aware that the community itself is
Jose Armilla be little or no interest in AFSA and what new, and I look forward to being one of
FSO, retired it does or would like to accomplish in the monitors on this particular group.
Vienna, Virginia regard to retirees. There seems to be a Juan Becerra
huge disconnect between these retirees IMO, retired
Still Much to Learn and AFSA. Rio Rancho, New Mexico
My compliments to Editor Shawn The recent AFSA survey, also in the
Dorman, the Foreign Service Journal staff April FSJ, indicated that members have Remembering
and the contributors (most of whom I a number of concerns. On retirement Charles William Thomas
know) to the FSJ issue on Vietnam. Each issues, exactly a quarter of those sur- Philip Shenon begins his recent book,
article was uniquely informative and well veyed felt that more needed to be done. A Cruel and Shocking Act: The Secret His-
written. I served in Vietnam from 1964 to Another concern was this: “AFSA seems tory of the Kennedy Assassination, with a
1968, both in Central Vietnam and Sai- to be more interested in generalists’ focus on the 1965 reporting from Mexico
gon. I have visited Vietnam several times issues rather than specialist.” AFSA needs City by FSO Charles William Thomas,
since then and have followed closely to take action on these matters. whose all-too-short career in the Foreign
10 JUNE 2015 | THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL