The Cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications: 3g Wireless Evolution

518 Pages·2004·3.272 MB·English

by  Vanghi, Vieri

The cdma2000® System
for Mobile Communications
Prentice Hall Communications Engineering
and Emerging Technologies Series
Theodore S. Rappaport, Series Editor
DOSTERT Powerline Communications
DURGIN Space–Time Wireless Channels
GANZ, GANZ, & WONGTHAVARAWAT Multimedia Wireless Networks:
Technologies, Standards, and QoS
GARG Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G
GARG IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000: Cellular/PCS Systems Implementation
GARG & WILKES Principles and Applications of GSM
KIM Handbook of CDMA System Design, Engineering, and Optimization
LIBERTI & RAPPAPORT Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third
Generation CDMA Applications
MURTHY & MAJOJ Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols
PAHLAVAN & KRISHNAMURTHY Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach
RAPPAPORT Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition
RAZAVI RF Microelectronics
REED Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering
STARR, CIOFFI, & SILVERMAN Understanding Digital Subscriber Line Technology
STARR, SORBARA, CIOFFI, & SILVERMAN DSL Advances
TRANTER, SHANMUGAN, RAPPAPORT, & KOSBAR Principles of Communication Systems
Simulation with Wireless Applications
VANGHI, DAMNJANOVIC, & VOJCIC The cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications
WANG & POOR Wireless Communication Systems: Advanced Techniques
for Signal Reception
The cdma2000® System
for Mobile Communications
Vieri Vanghi
Aleksandar Damnjanovic
Branimir Vojcic
Prentice Hall PTR
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
www.phptr.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CIP catalog record for this book can be obtained from the Library of Congress.
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2nd Printing
ISBN 0-13-141601-4
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CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to CDMA 1
1.1 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 1
1.2 Code Division Multiple Access 3
1.2.1 Pseudonoise Spreading Sequences for CDMA 4
1.2.2 DS CDMA Performance—A Passband Model 6
1.2.3 Power Control 11
1.2.4 Rate Control and Multiuser Diversity—Is Fading Really Bad? 14
1.2.5 Multipath and RAKE Receiver 16
1.3 Forward Error Correction and Interleaving 19
1.3.1 Convolutional Coding 21
1.3.2 Interleaving and Deinterleaving 23
1.3.3 Turbo Coding 24
1.3.4 Hybrid ARQ and Code Combining 27
1.4 CDMA in Cellular Communications 28
1.4.1 Universal Frequency Reuse 28
1.4.2 Cell Sectorization 31
1.4.3 Soft Handoff 32
1.5 Antenna Diversity in CDMA 33
1.5.1 Receive Diversity 33
1.5.2 Transmit Diversity 35
Chapter 2 Architecture 43
2.1 Mobile Station 44
2.1.1 Reference Points 45
2.2 Radio Access Network 48
2.2.1 RAN Logical Entities 49
2.2.2 RAN Reference Points 51
2.3 IS-41 Core Network 55
2.3.1 IS-41 Core Network Logical Entities 56
2.3.2 IS-41 Reference Points 58
2.3.3 IS-41 Interworking Example: Voice Call Origination 61
v
vi Contents
2.4 Packet Core Network 62
2.4.1 Packet Core Network Logical Entities 64
2.4.2 Packet Core Network Reference Points 66
2.5 PCN Interworking Examples 71
2.5.1 Packet Data with Simple IP 71
2.5.2 Packet Data with Mobile IP 72
2.6 IETF Protocols 74
2.6.1 Point-to-Point Protocol 74
2.6.2 Internet Protocol and Internet Protocol Security 74
2.6.3 Internet Key Exchange 75
2.6.4 Mobile Internet Protocol 76
2.6.5 Tunneling Protocols 78
2.6.6 User Datagram Protocol 78
2.6.7 Transmission Control Protocol 79
2.6.8 Remote Authentication Dial In User Service 79
Chapter 3 Applications and Services 83
3.1 Applications 84
3.1.1 Conversational Voice 84
3.1.2 Internet Applications 84
3.2 Services 92
3.2.1 Access Bearer Services 94
3.3 Circuit-Switched Service Options 94
3.3.1 Voice Service 94
3.3.2 Short Message Service 100
3.3.3 Quality of Service 100
3.4 Packet-Switched Service Options 101
3.4.1 High-Speed Packet Data Service 102
3.4.2 VoIP Service 103
Chapter 4 IS-2000 Physical Layer 111
4.1 CDMA Channel Structure 111
4.1.1 Forward CDMA Channel 112
4.1.2 Reverse CDMA Channel 114
4.2 Modulation, Coding, and Spreading Characteristics 116
4.2.1 Forward Traffic CDMA Channel 116
4.2.2 Reverse Traffic CDMA Channels 118
4.2.3 Error Detection 119
4.2.4 Forward Error Correction 121
Contents vii
4.2.5 Symbol Repetition and Puncturing 125
4.2.6 Channel Interleaving 126
4.2.7 Forward Link Data Scrambling 131
4.2.8 Modulation 131
4.2.9 Orthogonal Spreading 134
4.2.10 Quadrature Spreading 139
4.2.11 Forward-Link Transmit Diversity 141
4.2.12 Baseband Filtering 145
4.2.13 Band Packing 147
4.3 Forward Code Channels 150
4.3.1 Forward Pilot Channel (F-PICH) 150
4.3.2 Forward Synchronization Channel (F-SYNCH) 150
4.3.3 Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH) 151
4.3.4 Forward Broadcast Control Channel (F-BCCH) and Forward
Common Control Channel (F-CCCH) 152
4.3.5 Forward Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH) 155
4.3.6 Forward Common Assignment Channel (F-CACH) 157
4.3.7 Forward Common Power-Control Channel (F-CPCCH) 157
4.3.8 Forward Packet Data Channel (F-PDCH) 159
4.3.9 Forward Packet Data Control Channel (F-PDCCH) 161
4.3.10 Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH) 162
4.3.11 Forward Dedicated Control Channel (F-DCCH) 164
4.3.12 Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH) 165
4.4 Reverse Channels 166
4.4.1 Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH) 166
4.4.2 Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH) 167
4.4.3 Reverse Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) 169
4.4.4 Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH) 172
4.4.5 Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) 173
4.4.6 Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH) 174
4.4.7 Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH) 175
4.4.8 Reverse Channel Quality Indicator Channel (R-CQICH) 176
4.4.9 Reverse Acknowledgment Channel (R-ACKCH) 177
Chapter 5 IS-2000 Layer 2 (Medium and Signaling Link
Access Control Layers) 179
5.1 Medium Access Control Layer 180
5.1.1 Dedicated Channels Multiplex Sublayer 180
viii Contents
5.1.2 Packet Data Channel Control Function 187
5.1.3 Radio Link Protocol 187
5.1.4 Burst Transmission on the Reverse Access Channel 195
5.1.5 Burst Transmission on the Enhanced Reverse Access Channel 201
5.2 Signaling Link Access Control Layer 209
5.2.1 Authentication Sublayer 213
5.2.2 Message Integrity Sublayer 213
5.2.3 ARQ Sublayer 214
5.2.4 Addressing Sublayer 218
5.2.5 Utility Sublayer 218
5.2.6 Segmentation and Re-assembly Sublayer 219
Chapter 6 IS-2000 Layer 3 Protocol 223
6.1 Identification 224
6.1.1 International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI) 224
6.1.2 Electronic Serial Number (ESN) 225
6.1.3 Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI) 226
6.2 Layer 3 Processing 227
6.2.1 Initialization State 228
6.2.2 Idle State 230
6.2.3 System Access State 236
6.2.4 Mobile Station Control of the Traffic Channel State 238
6.2.5 Call Control Processing 243
6.3 Call Processing Examples: Voice Calls 245
6.3.1 Mobile Station–Originated Voice Call 245
6.3.2 Mobile Station–Terminated Voice Call 248
6.3.3 Mobile Station–Initiated Call Release 250
6.4 Packet Data Service Protocol 251
6.4.1 Packet Data Dormancy Support 251
6.4.2 High-Speed Operation 253
6.4.3 Quality of Service 260
6.4.4 Data Bursts Transmission on Common Channels 262
6.5 Concurrent Services 262
6.5.1 Mobile Station–Terminated Voice Call While Data Call
Is in Progress 264
6.5.2 Mobile Station–Originated Data Call While Voice Call
Is in Progress 266
6.5.3 Mobile Station Voice Call Release While Voice and Data Calls
Are in Progress 267
Contents ix
6.6 Registration 268
6.6.1 Power-Up Registration 269
6.6.2 Power-Down Registration 269
6.6.3 Timer-Based Registration 270
6.6.4 Zone-Based Registration 270
6.6.5 Distance-Based Registration 273
6.6.6 Excess Signaling Due to Subscriber Location Uncertainty 273
6.7 Security 277
6.7.1 Authentication 278
6.7.2 Voice Privacy 285
6.8 CDMA Tiered Services 286
Chapter 7 Handoffs 289
7.1 Handoff Principles 290
7.1.1 Types of Handoff 290
7.1.2 Pilot Sequence Offsets 291
7.1.3 Pilot Sets 292
7.1.4 Pilot Search Fundamentals 292
7.2 Initial Pilot Acquisition 294
7.3 Idle Handoff 295
7.3.1 Pilot Search in Idle State 296
7.3.2 Idle Handoff Evaluation 298
7.4 Access Handoffs 299
7.5 Soft Handoff 304
7.5.1 Pilot Search in the Traffic Channel State 306
7.5.2 Pilot Measurement Reporting 308
7.5.3 Pilot-Set Maintenance 311
7.5.4 Handoff Procedures 312
7.6 Pilot Planning 318
7.6.1 Pilot Search Window Selection 318
7.6.2 Pilot Offset Assignment 322
7.7 Hard Handoff 324
7.7.1 Measurement-Directed Hard Handoff 326
7.7.2 Mobile-Assisted Hard Handoff 327
Chapter 8 Power Control 335
8.1 Power-Control Fundamentals 336
8.2 Reverse-Link Power Control 338
8.2.1 Open Loop 338