Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy, Augmented and Virtual Reality

484 Pages·2022·42.576 MB·English

by  Jin-Sung Kim (editor), Roger Härtl (editor), Michael Y. Wang (editor), Adrian Elmi-Terander (editor)

Technical Advances
in Minimally
Invasive Spine
Surgery
Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy,
Augmented and Virtual Reality
Jin-Sung Kim
Roger Härtl
Michael Y. Wang
Adrian Elmi-Terander
Editors
123
Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive
Spine Surgery
Jin-Sung Kim • Roger Härtl
Michael Y. Wang • Adrian Elmi-Terander
Editors
Technical Advances
in Minimally Invasive
Spine Surgery
Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy,
Augmented and Virtual Reality
Editors
Jin-Sung Kim Roger Härtl
Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurological Surgery
Seoul St Mary’s Hospital Weill Cornell Medicine Center for
The Catholic University of Korea Comprehensive Spine Care
College of Medicine New York Presbyterian OCH SPINE
Seoul, Korea (Republic of) New York, NY, USA
Michael Y. Wang Adrian Elmi-Terander
Department of Neurosurg & Rehab Department of Neurosurgery
Medicine Karolinska University Hospital
University of Miami Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
Miami, FL, USA
ISBN 978-981-19-0174-4 ISBN 978-981-19-0175-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0175-1
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Foreword
Publication of Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery:
2&3D Navigation, Endoscopy, Robotics, and AR & VR, by Drs Kim, Hartl,
Wang, and Terander, is not only timely, but it is a tremendously important
contribution to spine surgery. When considering the current state of spine
surgery, one could speculate that “minimally invasive spine surgery” is now
relatively mature. “Image guidance” is in its adolescence; currently useful but
continuing to develop. “Robotics, augmented and virtual reality,” however,
are in their infancy. What place they will assume in spine surgery and how
they will contribute to the advancement of our discipline are completely
unknown! That is why the assembly of these chapters into one tome is criti-
cally important. Each chapter is written by that techniques leading surgeon(s)
and thought leader(s). By describing “beyond the state of the art” surgeries,
and utilizing new and currently developing technologies, each author boldly
demonstrates where recent developments are taking spine surgery. In doing
so, it begs the reader to ask the questions which will guide us even further into
the future. “What else can be done with this technique?” “How can we
improve this technology even further?” “How can we utilize these techniques
and technologies to make spine surgery safer and more effective for our
patients?”
We are fortunate to be living in an exciting time in which our ability to
skillfully care for patients with spinal pathology is advancing at a staggering
rate. Just a few decades ago, the surgeries we routinely perform today were
unimaginable. It is my hope that this book will stimulate the next generation
of spine surgeons to continue this creative revolution and take us to the next
“unimaginable” plane of spinal surgery.
Richard G. Fessler
Department of Neurosurgery
Rush Medical College
Chicago, IL, USA
v
Foreword
Spine surgery continues to evolve at an extremely rapid pace, as spine sur-
geons strive to incorporate novel technology to advance patient care.
Concomitantly, novel technology applied in the medical field is a natural fit
for spine surgery given the complexity of the cases, the delicate nature of the
neurological anatomical structures, and the importance of precise and accu-
rate surgery, in order to correct spinal pathology with optimal outcomes. This
knowledge requires the collection of the most contemporary information in a
proper textbook, which grouped together will transfer this critical knowledge
to spine surgeons throughout the world. I believe the goals of this comprehen-
sive textbook are to assemble the current thought-leaders on these novel indi-
vidual topics and combine them in a collection that will serve as an educational
reference for the implementation of these novel techniques, for spine surgeon
generations to come.
I have known all of the editors of this book for many years, and I highly
respect each of them. If I were to create a list of the most cutting-edge spinal
surgeons today, utilizing minimally invasive surgical techniques and robotics
and navigation, the editors of this book would be at the top of the list. Each
has a busy spine surgery practice, utilizing these newer techniques, and has
developed a massive amount of expertise in their individual areas. Each is a
highly sought-after speaker, educator, and leader in the world of spine sur-
gery today. A project such as this textbook, led by this group of editors, can
only be considered a significant work which will be seen as a landmark book
for the current and next generation of spine surgeons.
This book comprises 43 chapters on novel techniques, with 94 authors
involved, who are at the forefront of the topics being discussed. I am extremely
impressed with the assembled author list, and choice of the topics, which lead
the reader through the basics of contemporary minimally invasive surgery, all
the way into the future of education and predictions of how this will look into
the future. The book begins with a history of minimally invasive spinal sur-
gery and how it evolved with the introduction of navigation. The basic foun-
dations of the principles of minimally invasive spinal surgery are brought
forth, even delving into applications into anterior and lateral approaches to
the spine. The entire spectrum is discussed, from the cervical spine, all the
way to the thoracic and lumbar spine. The topic of navigation-guided mini-
mally invasive spinal surgery is then expanded in detail, discussing decom-
pressive techniques with tubular retractors, and evolving into endoscopic
approaches. This is then expanded into fusion techniques, using microscopic
vii
viii Foreword
and endoscopic approaches. Once again, the entire spine from the cervical
down to the lumbar spine, is considered. The topic then progresses into robot-
ics and the application of novel robotic technologies for minimally invasive
spinal surgery. Once again, a comprehensive journey of robotics applied to
the different areas of the spine, and for degenerative and deformities patholo-
gies. The book finishes the topic of minimally invasive spinal surgery, with a
look into virtual reality, and augmented reality for the same treatments,
extending into future applications of education of these techniques.
I am personally extremely excited to present this contemporary collection
of topics on minimally invasive spinal surgery, using the advances in current
technology, to serve as a landmark reference and educational compilation, for
spine surgeons today. I am delighted to see this effort led by such a distin-
guished and well-respected group of editors, and even more excited about the
list of authors. I highly recommend this educational collection, for all spine
surgeons today, not only to serve as an education on the most novel technolo-
gies for minimally invasive spinal surgery today, but also as a peek into the
future of spine surgery and education.
In conclusion, the readers of this textbook are going to be treated to the
entire gamut of minimally invasive spinal surgery using advances in modern
technology, and I believe this will stimulate the younger generation of spine
surgeons, to advance this topic into the future. I am confident that this will
ultimately result in improved treatment outcomes for our patients suffering
from spinal disorders.
Jeffrey C. Wang
USC Spine Center
Keck School of Medicine at
the University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Preface
In our world of fast-paced technical advances, one may argue that a book on
spine surgery relying on today’s cutting-edge technologies will be outdated
before it is printed. Indeed, technological developments occur at an ever-
increasing speed. However, the human body does not, and in surgical special-
ties it is of great importance to recognize, understand, and implement those
technologies which will bring the most benefit to the patients. Minimally
invasive surgery, including endoscopy, has matured to become mainstream in
spine surgery. Similarly, navigation, robotics, and augmented reality are fre-
quently found in surgical centers. In this textbook, “Technical Advances in
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: 2&3D Navigation, Endoscopy, Robotics,
and AR & VR,” we have relied on experts, using these technologies in their
practices, to present their insights and experiences. The intended audience
includes all with a particular interest in advanced spine surgery, ranging from
medical students to experienced spine surgeons. To the student, the contents
may serve as an introduction to a world where technology and medicine inter-
act to improve outcomes. To the experienced spine surgeon, it may serve as a
resource in the development of their own medical practice. The aim is to pres-
ent a comprehensive and structured summary of the field and suggest what
comes next based on current developments and unsolved issues. To this end,
we, the editors, believe that the chosen format is best suited.
Seoul, Korea (Republic of) Jin-Sung Kim
New York, NY, USA Roger Härtl
Miami, FL, USA Michael Y. Wang
Stockholm, Sweden Adrian Elmi-Terander
ix
Contents
Part I Navigation Guided Spinal Fusion
1 History of Navigation Guided Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Jacob L. Goldberg, Sertac Kirnaz, Joseph A. Carnevale,
Lynn McGrath, and Roger Härtl
2 Navigation Guided Single-Stage Lateral Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Raj Nangunoori, Jacob L. Goldberg, Joseph A. Carnevale,
Lynn McGrath, Sertac Kirnaz, and Roger Härtl
3 The Six Pillars of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . 23
Basar Atalay, Sertac Kirnaz, Fabian Sommer,
Jacob L. Goldberg, Lynn McGrath Jr, Branden Medary,
and Roger Härtl
4 MI-TLIF with 3D Navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Arvind G. Kulkarni, Pradhyumn Rathi,
and Pritem A. Rajamani
5 Navigation Guided Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . 53
Masato Tanaka and Sagar B. Sharma
6 Navigation-Guided Spinal Fusion: MIS Fusion
and Reconstruction in Complex Spine Disease
and Deformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Ken Ishii, Norihiro Isogai, and Haruki Funao
7 Single-Stage Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Based on O-arm Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Jun Ouchida, Hiroaki Nakashima, and Tokumi Kanemura
8 The Role of 3D Navigation for MIS Cervical
Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Tokumi Kanemura, Takamitsu Tokioka,
and Kotaro Satake
9 Minimally Invasive Lateral Transpsoas Approach
with Intraoperative CT Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Martina Dalolio, Davide Croci, Luca Valci,
and Pietro Scarone
xi
xii Contents
Part II N avigation Guided MIS Decompressive Spinal Surgery
10 Navigation Guided MIS Tubular Decompression
in Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Kutbuddin Akbary and Jin-Sung Kim
11 Navigation-Guided Tubular Decompression
in the Lumbar Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Sertac Kirnaz, Basar Atalay, Jacob L. Goldberg,
Branden Medary, Lynn McGrath, Fabian Sommer,
and Roger Härtl
12 EM-Based Navigation-Guided Transforaminal
Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Bo-Lai Chen, Yong-Peng Lin, and Si-Yuan Rao
13 Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Lumbar Laminotomy . . . . . . . . 159
Akaworn Mahatthanatrakul, Yanting Liu,
Claudia A. Covarrubias, and Jin-Sung Kim
14 O-arm Navigation-Guided Lumbar Foraminotomy . . . . . . . . . . 171
Kuo-Tai Chen, Jin-Sung Kim, and Nathaniel Brooks
15 EM-based Navigation-Guided Percutaneous
Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Yong-Jin Li, Yong-Peng Lin, and Si-Yuan Rao
16 O-Arm Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Cervical
Laminoforaminotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Vit Kotheeranurak and Jin-Sung Kim
17 Feasibility of Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar
Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Nicholas Ahye, Eric Quach, Erin Graves, Joseph Queenan,
and Bong-Soo Kim
18 O-Arm Navigation-Guided Biportal Endoscopic
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Javier Quillo-Olvera, Diego Quillo-Olvera,
Javier Quillo Reséndiz, Michelle Barrera Arreola,
Claudia A.Covarrubias, and Jin-Sung Kim
19 O-Arm Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Oblique
Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Yadhu K. Lokanath, Yanting Liu, Jin-Sung Kim,
and Claudia A. Covarrubias
20 Virtu4D Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Transforaminal
Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Percutaneous Pedicle
Screw Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Xuexiao Ma, Chuanli Zhou, Chao Wang, and Derong Xu