Task 3.2 : Development of aerodynamic codes for modelling of flow devices on aerofoils and rotors

205 Pages·2015·41.34 MB·English

Task 3.2 : Development of aerodynamic
codes for modelling of flow devices on
aerofoils and rotors
Ferreira,C.,Gonzalez,A.,Baldacchino,D.,Aparicio,M.,Gómez,S.,Munduate.X.,
Barlas,A.,GarciaN.R.,Sorensen,N.N.,Troldborg,N.,Barakos,G.,Jost,E.,Knecht,S.,
Lutz,T.,Chassapoyiannis,P.,Diakakis,K.,Manolesos,M,Voutsinas,S.,
Prospathopoulos,J.,Gillebaart,T.,Florentie,L.,vanZuijlen,A.,Reijerkerk,M.
Agreementn.: FP7-ENERGY-2013-1/n608396
Duration: November2013toNovember2017
Coordinator: ECNWindEnergy,Petten,TheNetherlands
Supportedby:
ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sSev-
enth Programme for research, technological development and
demonstrationundergrantagreementNoFP7-ENERGY-2013-1/n
608396
Abstract
Oneofthekeychallengesinwindturbineaerodynamicsistopredicttheaerody-
namicimplicationsofflowdevicesatsectionalandbladelevel,andtodevelopand
validatelow/intermediatemodelstobeincludedinaeroelasticsimulationsonwind
turbineswhichuseflowdevices.
ThemainaimofWorkPackage3,Task2oftheFP7-Avatarprojectistogener-
atereliablesimulationmodelsandsoftwaretoolstoincludeflowcontrolconcepts
(mainlyLE/TEflapsandvortexgenerators)onlargewindturbineblades.Thepresent
deliverablereportsontheactivitiescarriedout.
Documentinformation
DocumentName: Developmentofaerodynamiccodesformodelingofflow
devicesonaero-foilsandrotors
ConfidentialityClass PU
DocumentNumber: D3.2
Editor: CarlosSimaoFerreira(TUDelft),AlvaroGonzalezSalcedo
(CENER),DanielBaldacchino(TUDelft),MaríaAparicio
(CENER)
Contributingauthors: CENER
Gonzalez,A.,Aparicio,M.,Gómez,S.,Munduate.X.
DTU
Barlas,A.,GarciaN.R.,Sorensen,N.N.,Troldborg,N.
UniversityofLiverpool
Barakos,G.
UniversityofStuttgart
Jost,E.,Knecht,S.,Lutz,T.
NTUA
Chassapoyiannis,P.,Diakakis,K.,Manolesos,M,Voutsinas,
S.,Prospathopoulos,J.
TUDELFT
Ferreira,C.,Baldacchino,D.,Gillebaart,T.,
Florentie,L.,vanZuijlen,A.
GE
Reijerkerk,M.
Review: 0
Date: Monday16thNovember,2015
WP: WP3
Task: Task3.2
Version Monday16thNovember,2015,at17:14
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 1
Contents
1 DescriptionofTask3.2 6
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Descriptionoftestmatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Description,developmentandvalidationofcodes 10
2.1 EllipSys3D(DTUWIND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Q3UIC(DTUWIND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 MIRAS(DTUWIND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 FoIL2w(NTUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 GENUVP(NTUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6 MaPFlow(NTUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.6.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 2
2.6.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7 Beddoes4BEM(GE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.7.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.7.3 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.8 FLOWer(USTUTT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.8.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.8.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.8.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.8.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.9 FAST(CENER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.9.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.9.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.9.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.9.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.10 AdaptFoil2D(CENER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.10.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.10.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.10.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.10.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.11 OpenFOAMwithBAY-model(TUDelft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.11.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.11.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.11.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.11.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.12 OpenFOAMwithTE-Flap(TUDelft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.12.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.12.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.12.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.12.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.13 EngineeringmodelATEFlap(TUDelft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.13.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.13.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.13.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.13.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.14 HMB2(UniversityofGlasgow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.14.1 Descriptionofthecodeandmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.14.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.14.3 Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.14.4 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3 ResultsofthevalidationforexperimentsandsimulationswithVortexGen-
erators 50
3.1 PartA-ComparisonswithExperimentalData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.1.1 Case(a)-30%DU97W300airfoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.1.2 Case(b)-18%NTUAT18airfoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 3
3.1.3 Case(c)-FlatPlate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4 ResultsofthevalidationforexperimentsandsimulationswithFlaps 83
4.1 ATEdynamicA-NACA0015withunsteadyflap,validatedwithexperi-
mentaldata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.1.1 Introdution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.1.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2 ATEdynamicB-DU95W180withunsteadyflap,validatedwithexperi-
mentaldata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.2.2 Resultsforsteadycases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.2.3 Resultsforunsteadycases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.2.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.3 BTEflaps-2Dcaseswithoutexperimentaldata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.3.2 TEFlapResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.3.3 LEFlapResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.3.4 Conlusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4.4 CLE&TEFlap-3Dcaseswithoutexperimentaldata . . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.4.2 TEFlapResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.4.3 LEFlapResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4.4.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
5 AssessmentofresultswithmeasurableKPI’s 162
5.1 Codeandsimulationdescriptionandevaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
5.1.1 FoIL2W(NTUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
5.1.2 GENUVP(NTUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
5.1.3 MaPFlow(NTUA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
5.1.4 HMB2(UniversityofGlasgow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.1.5 FAST(CENER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.1.6 AdaptFoil2D(CENER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.1.7 MIRAS(DTUWind). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.1.8 Q3UIC (DTUWind) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5.1.9 ATEFlap(TUDelft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5.1.10 OpenFOAM(TUDelft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
5.1.11 FLOWer(USTUTT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
5.1.12 Beddoes4BEM(GE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
5.1.13 EllipSys3D-VGssimulations(DTUWIND) . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.2 KeyPerformanceIndices(KPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
5.2.1 VortexGenerators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
6 Conclusionsandrecommendations 182
6.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
6.1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
6.1.2 VortexGenerators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 4
6.1.3 Flaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Acknowledgements 186
Nomenclature 187
Bibliography 189
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 5
Chapter 1
Description of Task 3.2
1.1 Introduction
Thepresentdeliverable3.2.reportsontheactivitiescarriedoutwithinWP3under
Task3.2.Relevantinformationabouttheworkperformed,theresultsobtainedand
theconclusionsareincluded.
ThemainaimofWP3asawholeistogeneratereliablesimulationmodelsand
softwaretoolstoincludeflowcontrolconcepts(mainlyLE/TEflapsandvortexgen-
erators,butalsorootspoilers)onlargewindturbineblades. Importantissuesare
topredicttheaerodynamicimplicationsofflowdevicesatsectionalandbladelevel,
andtodevelopandvalidatelow/intermediatemodelstobeincludedinaeroelastic
simulationsonwindturbineswhichuseflowdevices.
Task3.2focussesonthedevelopmentofaerodynamiccodesformodellingof
flowdevicesonaerofoilsandrotors. ItisconnectedtoTask3.1(Manolesosand
Prospathopoulos,2015),astheinformationcompiledduringTask3.1isusedforvali-
dationandthedevelopmentofbetteraerodynamiccodes.Threelevelsofmodelling
areconsidered:BEMmodels,vortexorpanelmethodsandfull/reducedCFD.The
mainactivitiesoftheTaskarethedevelopmentofaerodynamictoolstoincludeflow
devicesintobladeandaerofoilmodellingandthevalidationofthecodesusingthe
databaseofTask3.1.
Thepresentdocumenthasbeenstructuredasfollows:
• Descriptionofthescopeandcontentofthework.
• Definitionofthetestmatrixusedinthevalidationoftheaerodynamictools
• Descriptionoftheaerodynamiccodes,includingthedevelopmentactivities
andthevalidationplan.
• Theresultsofthevalidationareanalysed,comparingthedifferentaerodynamic
codesandtheexperimentaldata.
• Assessmentofcodesusingdifferentkeyperformanceindicators.
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 6
• Conclusionsextractedfromthestudy.
1.2 Descriptionoftestmatrix
TheMatrixofTestCasesforthevalidationoftheaerodynamiccodesisselected
accordingtotask3.1.Detailedinformationaboutthetestmatrixisincludedinthe
excelsheetD32_Test_Matrix.xlsx,whichisprovidedasadeliverable. Thetest
casesaregroupedinthreemainblocks:
• PartA2Dcasesforwhichexperimentaldataareavailable
• PartB2DcasesforwhichtherearenoexperimentaldataincludedinWP3T31.
• PartC3DcasesincludedinWP3T31.
Foreachtestcasetherelevantconditionsaredefinedandtheexpectedoutputis
specified.AshortsummaryofthecasesispresentedinTables1.1,1.2and1.3.Forthe
experimentaldataandforpartBandpartC,additionalsupportinformationwere
providedinDeliverable3.1,attheendoftask3.1.
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 7
Device Description Conditions Specifications Output
VG DU97W300, α=−2:19 VGgeometry1 Polar(∆α=2)
Re =
2×106
VG NTUA18, α=10 VGGeometry2 FlowField
Re =
0.87×106
VG Flat plate, Zeroandadversepres- VGGeometry3 Flowfield
Reθ=2.5− suregradient
3.5×103
VG FFA-W3-
241
TE Flap TL 190- α=−2:16 Several flap de- Polar
static 82, Re = flections
3.3 × 106,
width=10%,
rigid
TE Flap NACA0015 α=8 Several flap de- Time series Cl,
dynamic flections CdCm
TE Flap DU95W180, α=0:18 Several flap de- Steady and un-
dynamic Re = flections steady Cl, Cd,
1.0 × 106, Cmandpressure
flap=20%, distribution
M=0.073
Table1.1:TestmatrixpartA:2DcasesWITHexperimentaldata
Device Description Conditions Specifications Output
VG InnWind Operatingαrange Triangular, con- Polar
& AVATAR tra, downwash,
root sec- upwash
tion
TE Flap InnWind& α=rated,rated+4 Width flap=10% Timesignals
dynamic AVATARtip chord ∆α=5,10,
&midsec- freq=nominal
tions and6p
LE Flap InnWind α=rated,rated+4 Width of de- Timesignals
dynamic & AVATAR formable
mid sec- flap= 20%
tion chord, ∆α=5,10
freq=nominal
and6p
Table1.2:TestmatrixpartB:2DcasesWITHOUTexperimentaldata
WP3:ModelsforFlowDevicesandFlowControl,Task3.2 8