Table Of ContentSTUDIESOFNEOTROPICALCOMPOSITAE-I.
NOVELTIESINGALEA,CLIBADIUM,CONYZA,LLERASIA,
ANDPLUCHEA
John F.Pruski
MissouriBotanicalGarden
P.O.Box299
St.Lours,Missoun63166-0299,U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
ThecombinationsGaleamediterranea(Veil.)Pruski(syn.:Galeaplatylepis)andGaleatriantha(Veil.)
Pruski,(syn.:Caleahispida)(Heliantheae)areproposedfortwospecieslectotypifiedhereinbyVelloso
illustrations.AlectotypeofMeyeriahispidaDC.isdesignated.Akeytothespeciescenteringabout
Galeamyrtifoliaisgiven.ClibadiumarriagadaePruski(Heliantheae)fromEcuadorisnamedasa
newsegregateolClibadiumpentaneuron.Glibadiumarriagadaeisthesametaxonasrepresented
bytheinvalidGlibadiumzakii.GlibadiumarriagadaediffersfromC.pentaneuronbyleafblades
palmately3-or5-veinedfromornearbase(vs.subpalmatelyorplinervedfromabovebladebase)
andhirsute(vs.strigose)abaxially.Alectotype(I3M-CL1FFfoliopage405,Conyza3)isdesignatedfor
GonyzabijronsL.(=InulabifronsL.,Inuleae),andthisname,oncemisappliedtoanAmericanspecies
ofPluchea,isexcludedfromthefloraoftheNewVv'orld.ThecombinationConyzapopayanensis
(Hieron.)Pruski(Astereae),replacingtheillegitimateConyzauliginosa(Benth.)Cuatr,non.Pers.,is
proposed.ThecombinationLlerasiamacroccphala(Rusby)Pruski(Astereae)isvalidatedforaBoliv-
ianspeciesoriginallydescribedintribeMutisieae,andLlerasialucidulaistreatedasasynonymof
L.macrocephala.PhilipMiller'sConyzabaccharisislectotypifiedandisanearliernameforPluchea
rosea.ThecombinationPlucheabaccharis(Mill.)Pruski(Plucheeae)ismadeforthiscoastalplain
species,whichoccursfromeasternNorthAmericasouthwardintoNicaragua.
RFSUMHN
SeproponenlascombinacionesGaleamediterranea(Veil.)Pruski(syn.:Galeaplatylepis)yGalea
triantha(Veil.)Pruski,(sin.:Galeahi.spiciti)(llelianlheae)paradosespeciesqueselectotipificanaciui
medianteilustracionesdeVefloso.SedesignaunIcctotipoparaMeyeriahispidaDC.Seofreceuna
claveparalasespeciesproximasaCaleamyriijolia.GlibadiumarriagadaePruski(Heliantheae)de
EcuadorsenombracomounnuevosegregadodeClibadiumpentaneuron.Glibadiumarriagadaees
elmismotaxonrepresentadoporelnomhrcinvAWchClibadiumzakii.Clibadiumarriagadaediiiere
deCpentaneuronporloslimbosdelashojaspalmatinerviascon365nerviosdesdedelabaseo
cerca(vs.subpalmatinerviasotnplmerviasdesdemasarribadelabase)ehirsutas(vs.estrigosas)
abaxialmente.Sedesignaunlectotipo(BM-CLiFFfoliopagina^05,Conyza3)paraConyzabi/ronsL.
(=InulabiJronsL.,Inuleae),yestenombrc,porhabcrseaplicadoaunaespecieamencanadeFluchca.
seexcluyedelafloradelNuevoMundo.SeproponelacombinacionGonyzapopayanensis(Hieron.)
Pruski(Astereae),parareemplazaralailegitimaGonyzauliginosa(Benth.)Cuatr,non.Pers.Sevalida
lacombinacionLlerasiamacrocephala(Rusby)Pruski(Astereae)paraunaespeciedeBoliviadescrita
originalmenteenlatribuMutisieae,yLlerasialucidulasctratacomounsinonimodeL.macrocephah.
ConyzabaccharisdePhilipMillerselectotipiiicayesunnombreanteriorparaPluchearosea.Sehace
lacombinacionPlucheabaccharis(Mill.)Pruski(Plucheeae)paraestaespeciedelaUanuracostera,
queaparecedesdeelEstedeNorteAmericahastaNicaraguaenelSur.
SIDA21(4):2023-2037.2005
2024 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(4)
Thepurposeol thisnoteistovahdatenamesinCalcaL.,CUhadiumF.Allam.
exL.,Conyzdl^ess.,UcrasiaTriana,andPluchcaCass,neededinvariousfloris-
ticworksolNeotropicalCompositaebeingdoneattheMissouriBotanicalGar-
den,andtolectotypifyConyzahijronsL.,whichisexcludedIromtheIloraof
theAmericas.
GALEA
JoseVcllosopreparedhlorujlummcm^h,alandmarkflorafortheenvironsof
wRiaosdperJiannteeidroi.nB1r8a2z5il(iVnel1l7o9s0o,1b8u2t5)diaenddindi1s8t1ri1bpurtieodrmtoi1t8s2p9u.bTlihceattieoxtn,.hTohweevteerx,t
remainsincomplete,treatingspeciescorrespondingtoiconespublishedonly
involLimesI-8(8proparte).Notextisavallablelorspeciesi11ustratedvolumc8
(proparte),norlorthoseinvolumesQ-ILTheCompositaecompriseallofvol-
ume8andpartofvolume10,buttextisavailableloraboutonlytheIirsthallol
the164icones(Velloso1827)publishedinvolume8.The11volumesolfigures
aredated1827CVelloso1827),butweredistributedonlyin1831.Thus,1831is
takenasthedateofvalidationofspeciesrepresentedonlybythesediagnostic
icones,butvvithoutcorrespondingtext.ItistheplatesoltwosuchVellosonames
(Figs. 16ir2)thatareclearlyidentifiablewithtwoSouthAmericanspeciesof
Calca(fleliantheae;syn.Neurolaeneae),newcombinationslorwhicharcmade
below.Notypespecimensol thesetwonamesarcknowntoexist,andconse-
quentlytheillustrationsaredesignatedastheIcctotypes.
Galeaniedilcrranea(Veil.)Pruski,comb.nov.(Fig.l).liuphlhalnuDunh-diifnaucum
Veil.,Fl.Fluinin.(Icones)8:r1n1827fl8yi|.Ij-xtotypi^(designatedhere):i.1]\Veil..M.
idnmin.(icones)8.1827fl831[,
CliIclii'IiU\l1711sSchLdtz-Bi|i.e.\BakerinMarcius,Fl,hr,is,6C5):2(i7,1884.l.ectoiyiiil'icaiioniVom
amongIheilozcnorsos\'nty|X\sisdeterred
Distributionandecology—Calcamcditcrranca(Veil.)Pruskiisaxylopodialsub-
shrubfloweringfromOctobertoApril.ItoccursmtheBrazilianplanaltosouth-
wardsintoParaguayandnorthernArgentina.
CAtlcalucditcrrancaisamemberol Calcasect.Haplocalca(Less.)Pruski
(Pruski1998subCalcapkUylcpis),andiscloselyrelatedtoC.cymosaLess.,the
typeol thesection.Thissectionischaracterizedbygenerallywhorledleaves
andumbellilormcapitulesccnces.CalcamcditciriineadialersIromCcymosa
Less,bynarrower,pubescent,pinnatelyveined(vs.broader,nearlyglabrous,3-
or5-plinerved)leavesandbylanceolate,pubescent(vs.ovate,glabrous)outer
phyllaries.Additionally,thelowermostwhorlofleavesinC.mcditcrrancais
oftenreduced,asillustratedbyVelloso(1827),afeaturenottypicalolC.cymosa.
TheradiatecapitulaolC.mcditcrrancaandCcymosadistinguisheachofthem
fromtheotherwisecloselyrelatedChasslcrianaChod.andCreticiilataGard-
ner(syn.hhtbyothcrctcrnijolia13aker),whichhavediscoidcapitula.
PRUSKI,STUDIESOFNEOTROPICALCOMPOSITAE 2025
h^
«][jip.![-i(;thah.Mirmi mmimiTmimiANWAui!
Fig.1.LectotypeofBuphthalmummediterraneumVeil.[=Caleamediterranea(Veil.)Pruski],fromVelloso,Fl.Flumin.
(kones)8:1.135.1827[1831].
2026 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(4)
A.S'Str\MiiS\IyS.I'1ll'I'\li»MAS:II^|'MIM'-MfH's
('I'lIi!*(.)
Fig.2.LectotypeoiAstertrianthuiVeil.[=Caleatriantha(Veil.)Pruski],fromVelloso,Fl.Flumin.(Icones)8:1.120.1827
[1831].
PRUSKI,STUDIESOFNEOTROPICALCOMPOSITAE 2027
Galeatriantha(Veil.)Pruski,comb.nov.(Fig.2),AstertrianthusVeil,Fl.Flumin.(Icones)
8:1.120,182711831].Lectotypt^(designatedhere):1.120,Veil,Fl.Flumin.(Icones)8.182711831|.
MeyenahispidaDC,Prod.5:671.1836.Galeahispida(DC.)BakerinMartins,Fl,Bras,6(3):26L
1884,Lectotype(chosenherefromamongsyntypes):BRAZIL:SAOPaulo,campiseditis,Nov.
1833,Lund866(lectotype:G-DC[IDCmicrofiche800.975.111.3];isolectotypes:C-4,S).The
G-DClectotypealsohasasmalltwigofH.Imp.Bras.i05mountedtothelowerrightofthe
Lundcollection.[Lectoparatype:Herb.ImperialBrasil(probablyVauthier)405:G-DC(frag-
mentofasheetfromP),F(fragmentofasheetfromP),P-2,]
Distributionandecology.—Galeatriantha(Veil.)Pruskiisasubshrubtoshrub
endemictoBrazil,whereitiscenteredmthestateofParana.Itisknowntoflower
fromDecembertoApril.
Galeatrianthaisoneof13speciesoftheCmyrtifoliaDC.speciesgroup
(sensuPruski1984;Pruski&Urbatsch1988)ofGaleasectionMeyeria(DC.)
mBeenmtbh.er&sHoofotkh.ifs.gPrrouuspk.iTahnedirUkrebaytisscrhev(i1s9e8d8h)eprerionv,iidnecdoarpkoeryattointghethtehaebno-vkennoewwn
synonymyandC.semiriiPruski&Hind,whichwasdescribedsubsequently
(Pruski&Hind1998).
keytothespeciescenteringaboutgaleamyrtifolia
(galeasect,meyeria)
1. Leavesglabrous.entire,marginsthickened(SaoPauloandParana,Brazil) Galeamarginata
S.F.Blake
1. Leavesglabroustohispid,entiretoserrate,marginsnotthickened.
2. Leaveslanceolate,ca.6-12cmlong,venationparallel,ca.3-7-veined(Goias,
Brazil)^__ GaleanervosaBarroso
2 Leaveslanceolatetocordate,lessthan6.5cmlong,venationpinnatetotrinervate.
3. Capitulaoneperbranch.
4 Leaveslanceolate-elliptic,foveolatebelow(SaoPauloandParana,Brazil)
Galeaparvifolia(DC.)Baker
4. Leaveselliptic-ovate,smoothbelow.
5. Peduncleca.8-15cmlong(ParanaandSantaCatarina,Brazil) Galeailienii
Malme
5. Peduncleca.1.5-6cmlong(Parana,Brazil) GaleamonocephalaDusen
3. Capitulescencecymose.
6. Leaveswhorled,
7. Leavesgenerallyfourpernode,essentiallysessile,smooth,pinnate;pe-
duncles3-15cmlong;raycorollalimb5-13-nerved;outerphyllaries
andleavesgreenbelow;pappusscalessubequalinlength(Distrito
FederalandGoias,Brazil) GaleaquadrifoliaPruski&Urbatsch
7. Leavesgenerallythreepernode,shortlypetiolate,rugulose,trinervate;
peduncles0.5-6cmlong;raycorollalimb5-nerved;outerphyllariesand
leavesrust-coloredbelow,lesscommonlygreen;pappusscalesslightly
togreatlyunequalinlength(MinasGerais,Brazil).
8. Leavesadaxiallyglabrousornearlyso;involucrescampanulateto
hemispherical;outermostphyllariesatleastapicallyherbaceous,
aboutaslongasthenextseries;raycorollasyellow,tube2.7-3.5mm
long,limb12-14.5mmlong,commonlyabaxiallyglandular;disk
2028 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(4)
corollatubeshorterthanthethroat;cypselae2.5-3.2mmlong,with
1-3pappusscalesoftenmuchlongerthantheothers Galeaheteropappa
Pruski&Urbatsch
8. Leavesadaxiallyhispiduloustosparselypilose;involucresturbinate
tocylindrical;outermostphyllariesmostlyscarious,usuallymuch
shorterthanthenextseries;raycorollaspaleyellow,tube3.6-4.5mm
long,limb7-8.5mmlong,abaxiallyeglandular;diskcorollatubeabout
as-long-asthethroat;cypselae3.8-4.8mmlong,pappusscalesgen-
erallyslightlyunegual GaleasemiriiPruski&Hind
6. Leavesopposite.
9. Leavesovale,hispiduloustohispid,serrate,basallycordate,usuallyshorter
than2.5cm(MinasGeraissouthtoSantaCatarina,Brazil;syn.nov.Co/ea
hispida) Galeatriantha(Veil.)Pruski
9. Leaveselliptictoelliptic-ovate,glabroustopubescent,entiretoserrate,
basallycuneate,longerthan2.5cm.
10. Leavesto3.5cmwide,shinyserrate,glabrous;foliaceousouterphyl-
lariesserrulate(Paraguay) GaleachodatiiHassler
10. Leaveslessthan2.5cmwide,somewhatshinyornot,entiretoser-
rulate,glandularorpuberulent;foliaceousouterphyllariesentire.
11. Leavesnarrowlyelliptic;capitulaca.65-flowered;raycorollalimb
8-10-nerved;diskcorollalobeslongerthan1.5mm;cypselae
glabrous(RioGrandedoSul,BrazilandUiuguay) Galeakristiniae
Pruski
11. Leaveselliptictobroadlyelliptic;capitulaca.35-flowered;ray
corollalimb5(-7)-nerved;diskcorollalobesshorterthan1.5mm;
cypselaepubescentonangles.
12. Leavesentire,ca.1.5cmwide(MinasGeraissouthtoRio
GrandedoSul,Brazil) Galeamyrtifolia(DC.)Baker
12. Leavesserrulate.toca.2.5cmwide(coastalSaoPaulosouth
toRioGrandedoSul,Brazil) GaleaphyllolepisBaker
CLIBADIUM
Arriagada (19^5) provided an overview of CUbadnim (Compositae:
Helianthcae),iricludingfullsynonymyandakeytospecies.Inthisoverview,
ArriagadareducedtosynonyinyalllournorthernSouthAmericannamesof
ClihadiumproposedbyRobinson(19Q2).AmonographofClihadiumhasnow
beenpublished(Arriagada2003),andagainallnamesmClibadiumproposed
byRobinsonCIW2)arclistedassynonyms.IagreewithArriagada(f995,2003)
thatC.pentaneuronS.F.BlakeincludesthesynonymousCfunkiaeH.Rob.;C.
C/cinxaupmoSe.nEsBclHa.keRionbc.luTdheuss,C.ct/h/rc;eten/)v!al1i1.dRloyb.d;esacnrdiCb.e^dg/suphercciserscnisnS.RF.oBbliankseoinnc(l1u9d9e2s)
areencompassedwithinmorewidespreadtaxa,theseoriginallydescribedby
Blakeinthe1920sandf930s.Afourthname(Czakii)inRobinson(1992)was
basedonZak&JcifamiUo2881(MO,US)butwithout"thesingleherbarium"
housingtheholotypebeing"specified."Thisnameisconsequentlyinvalid(Art.
37.boi theCode,Greuteretal.2000)anddoesnotexistnomenclaturally.This
plantbelongingtoClihadiumsectionClibadiumisvahdatedherewithanew
PRUSKI,STUDIESOFNEOTROPICALCOMPOSITAE 2029
typecollectionandanewepithethonoringmyfriendDr.JorgeArriagada,the
monographerofthegenus.
ClibadiumarriagadaePruski,sp.nov.(Fig.3).Type;ECUADOR.CoTorA.xi:roadbetween
Quevedo&Lacacunga,76kmHoiQuevedo,0°57'S,79°0rW,2300m,5Apr1983,Croal55804
(HOI-OTYPH:MO;LSOTYPE:QCNF).
ACpentcuieuronallinis.sedlammacpulmativenosaedionsubpalmativenosaevelpinnativenosae),
rotundataveltruncata(noncuneata),etsubtushirsuta(nonstrigosa)diversa.
Shrubstoca.2mtall;stemssometimesvmmg,subteretetosubhexagonal,hir-
sutulous.Leavessimple,opposite,petiolate;petioles0.8-3.5cmlong,hirsute;
bladesbroadlyovate,4-15.5cm long,2-11cmwide,stifflychartaceous,pal-
mately3-or5-veinedfromornearbase,secondaryandtertiaryreticulation
prominent,baseroundedtotruncate,marginsserrulate,apexacutetoacumi-
nate,theadaxialsurfacescabrid,hirsutulous,theabaxialsurface hirsute,
eglandular.Capilulescenceterminal,many-headed,looselycorymbilormpan-
iculate,branches2-14cmlong,hirsute,ultimatebranchingtrichotomous.Ca-
pitula10-12-flowered,disciform,shortlypedunculate,4-5mmtall;involucre
hemispherical;phyllariesca.3-seriate,subequaltoweaklygraduated,stiffly
chartaceous,weakly3-5-veinedadaxially,apicallyhirsutulous,otherwisegla-
brous,toca.4.5mmlong,2-2.5mmwide,outeronespyriform,apicallyacuteto
acuminate,mid-seriesandinneronesovate,apicallyobtusetorounded;recep-
tchaai.crls3eumtcuomlnovulesox,n-gco,nowene-ibcarakallc,ytetcooolncaadt.uep,1lmibcrmaacttebe;ropolaeedd,luanwncceleaeokslla1yt-e2,pam1l-ema2teml;omnpga,lltoeenargee,tleh,aingrcsleuaotblera.oteMu,sartt-oo
ginalfloretsuniseriate,pistillate,5or6,mostlyincludedwithininvolucre;co-
rdoulllaarcat.r2icmhommelso,ngm,itnuubtuellayrccar.e3a-mlo-bceodl,orsetdy,leapbicraalnlcyhpeislocas.ul1osmemwitlohngn,onw-egalkalny-
exserted.Diskfloretsfunctionallystaminate,5or6,mostlyincludedwithin
involucre;corollabroadlyfunnelform,ca.2.5mmlong,cream-colored,5-lobed,
lobesdeltoid,erect,0.5-0.9mmlong,pilosulosewithnon-glandulartrichomes;
anthersgenerallyincluded,toca.1.7mmlong,darkgreenishtoblack,append-
ageelongatedbutnotgreatlysculptured,basallyshort-sagittate,filamentsca.
0.3mmlong;styleundivided,apexoftenexsertedfromcorolla;ovaryrudimen-
taryCypselaeoblong,flattened,2-2.5mmlong,apicallypapillose,otherwise
glabrousornearlyso,epappose.
Par.atype:ECUADOR.Bolivar:CarreteraChillanes-Bucay,enlahaciendaTiquibuso"del5r.Gonzalo
Gomez,1°55'S,79°0TW,2100m,10Sep1987.Zak&JaramiUo2881(EMO,US).
Distnhuiwnandecolog_y.—ThisspeciesisknownonlyfromthePacificdrain-
ageslopesoftheAndesinBolivarandCotopaxi,EcuadorIthasbeencollected
inflowermAprilandSeptemberfrom2100-2300meterselevation.
ClihadiumarriagadaediffersfromCpentaneuronbyleafbladesmostly
palmately3-or5-veinedfromornearbase(vs.subpalmatelyorplinervedfrom
2030 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(4)
** .^
':A.
'^.
lifrt-.rf-.'
',': ::;t.m.'^;"
/.:^•J4i,>
Fig.l.ClibadiumarriagadaePruski.Above:Branchesofcapitulescenceshowingpatent(notstrigose)indumentum.Be-
low:Abaxialsurfaceofleafshowingtrinervedvenationfromverybaseofblade.(Photographsoftheholotype,Croat
55804,m).
PRUSKI,STUDIESOFNEOTROPICALCOMPOSITAE 2031
wellabovebladebase),theserounded(vs.cuneate)basallyandhirsute(vs.stri-
gose)abaxially.ThetypesoftheC.funkiaeH.Rob.,C.piJeoruhrumCuatrec,C.
sarmentosumCuatrec,andCscandensCuatrec.eachhaveleavesstrigose
abaxiallyandthesefournamesareacceptedassynonymsofC.pentaneuron,as
proposedbyArriagada(1995,2003).ThestemsofCarriagadaearehirsutulous
throughout,thusdifferingfromthoseo[C.pentaneuron(EcuadorandColom^
bia),whicharesometimesstrigose.
Arriagada(1995,2003)reducedC.funhiae(Antioquia,Colombia)tosyn-
omntyhmeypholylCl.apreinetsasnoeumreonm.atAetrioanleIproionmt,AIntthioouqguhitatahnadttmheFporroermoineetnatl.r2e2s7in9d(uMcOt;s
Choco,ColombianearborderwiththenorthernlimitsofValle,Colombia)could
beusedtodistinguishthismaterialfromthegenerallymoresouthernC.
pentaneuron.However,thecollectionfromChocoisnearthecenterofdistribu-
tionofC.pentaneuron,andothermaterialofCpentaneuronfromAntioquia
lackstheprominentphyllaryresinducts.Thus,thereseemstobenomeaning-
fulmorphologicalfeaturesthatonecouldusetosplittheColombiamaterialof
C.pentaneuronintomorethanasingletaxon.Indeed,thiswastheobservation
ot Arriagada(1995,2003),themonographerwhoreducedCfunkiactosyn-
onymy.Moreover,nocaseiorgeographicseparationofC.funkiacasdistinct
fromC.pentaneuroncanbemade.Thus,1recognizeCpentaneuroninaslightly
narrowerconceptthandoes Arriagada(1995,2003),and segregateonly
Clihadiumarriagadaefromit.
ThemorphologicaldistinctionsamongrelativesolC.pentaneuronarepro-
videdbelowinthekeytospecies,whichmodifiescouplet#27ol Arriagada
(1995,2003).
KEYTOTHESPECIESCENTERINGABOUTCLIBADIUMPENTANEURON
27. Abaxialleafsurfacehirsute;leafbladegeneiallypalmatelyveinedfromornear
base(Ecuador) ClibadiumarriagadaePruski
27. Abaxialleafsurfacegenerallystrigose;leafbladepinnatelyveinedorifplinerved
thenfromwellabovebase,
27.1 Mostphyllariesapicallyacutetoacuminate;capituta24-28Tlowered;
marginalflorets9-13;diskfloretsca.15(Ecuador) ClibadiummanabienseH.Rob.
27.1 Mostphyllariesapicallyobtusetoacute;capitula10-14-flowered;marginal
florets5or6;diskflorets5-8(ColombiaandEcuador) Clibadiumpentaneuron
S.RBlake
CONYZA
ConyzahifronsL.(=InulahifronsL.,Inuleae)islectotypifieduponmaterialfrom
theOldWorld,andthisnameisthusexcludedfromthefloraoftheNewWorld.
ThenewcombinationC.popayanensis(Hieron.)Pruski(Astercae)fromthe
AndesisproposedtoreplacetheillegitimateCuliginosa(Benth.)Cuatr.,non
Pers.AlthoughCprimulifoha(Lam.)Cuatrec.(whichincludesasasynonym
2032 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(4)
C.chilensisSpreng.,thetypeolConyza)wastranslerredtollrigcwn1..byGrcutcr
(2003),1recognizeConyzciatthegenericrank.
Inulabifrons1^.,Sp.Pi.(ed.2)123t).1763.Liitotyi'i;(designatedbyAnderberg,Taxon47;](il
1998):EUROPE:"HabitaiinItalia.Gallopiovmcia,Pyrenaeis,"siii,(o/l,UJNN99111|I1X:mi-
crofiche177.577.11^1).
ConyzahijionsL,var,bijrons,Sp,I'l,Hol.17't1/'liKlictiIx/khi.s(L.)IX:.,I'rodr.5:4511830.iJitTO-
TVi'i;(designatedhere):EURC^PP:"liabitainiPyrenaeis,Canada,".sin.coll.(BM-CI.IPl-li)lio
page405,C-onyzaMbarcodel^MOOOC>47(H3|.photograpinMO).
Conyzaln/ran,svar/IdsiiilosiJI,,Sp.PL862.1753.iJ-CTOTYPli(designatedbyReveal,Taxon47:358.
19Q8):PDROPI':"llabitatinPyrenaeis,C;anada."siii.coll(BM-S1X:)ANEvol.96,page2(^).
Conyzabijnins\-ar.iiiduita1,,Sp14,861.1753.Pi-cTtiTM'i-(designatedbyAnderbcrg.T;ixon47:358.
1998):I.127as"Conyzapyiacnaaa/(i/iis/'iniiidtu-\'cirs"inHermann.Parati.Bat,127.1698.
DisU'ibuiionandecology—Inulabijroiisisasummerfloweringherbto1mtall.
ItoccursIromthePyreneesol southernFranceeastwardsintoRomaniaand
Bulgaria(Tutinetal.1976).
Linnaeus(17'53)namedConyzahifwnsL.andtwovarietiesofit,givingthe
locaHtyo("HabitatinPyrenaeis,Canada"torallthreenames.Later,Linnaeus
(1763;1207)treatedC.bifronsasbeingsolelyAmericanandrepresented by
Plukenetplate87figure4(1705),thoughttohavebeendrawnfromCanadian
material,whereassimultaneouslyLinnaeusproposedtheheterotypicInula
biIronsL.(1763:1236),withsimilarauriculate-claspmgleaves,tortheLuropean
elements.Phuhcabijrons{\-.)DC.(Plucheeae)wasmisappliedtomaterial1rom
theAmericasbyCandolle(1836),asnotedbyGodfrey(1952),whousedthename
P.joclida(L.)DC.forAmericanplantsformerlycalledP.bifrons.Gray(1884:225)
notedthatthePlukenetplatewasdrawnIrommaterialcollectedini:urope,not
Canada;thusnooriginalmaterialol eitherC.bifronsL.orI.bijronsL.isIrom
theAmericas.
Conyzabijrons]^.,however,hasnotpreviouslybeenlectotypilied(C.Jarvis,
pcrs,comm.).Linnaeus(1763)restrictedtheconceptCbifrons(1753)toplants
hethoughttobeAmerican,thuspotentialformisapplicationol thisnameto
plantstromtheAmericasremams.BecauseLinnaeus(1753,1763)citedapoly-
nomialIromLinnaeus(,1737),CbijronsL.islectotypiliedherebyaspecimenin
theClillordherbarium,thisspecimen referabletaxonomicallyto/.bifronsL.
(.Inulcac).ConyzabifronsL.isthusexcludedlonnallyfromthefloraoltheNew
World,inagreementwithGodlrey(1952)andTutinetal.(1976).
ThenameC.uliginosa(Benth.)Cuatrec,usedforanorthernAndeanherb
(e.g.,Aristeguieta1964;Cuatrecasas1967;Jorgensen&Leon-Yanez1999),isan
illegitimatelaterhomonymofC.uliy^mosaPers.,Synops.2:427.1807.Anew
combinationbasedontheseniorsynonymgivenbyCuatrecasas(1969)isthus
pro
I
Conyzapopayanensis(Hieron.)Pruski,comb.nov.lirigeionpopayancnsisPiieron.,Bot.
JahrbSyst,28:586,1901,1vrr:C:OPOMBlA,t;.-\UC.'\:ParamodeGuanacas,Andiiimcentralium
