Studies in Hellenistic Architecture

498 Pages·2006·24.631 MB·English

by  Frederick E. Winter

Studies in Hellenistic Architecture
PHOENIX
Journal of the Classical Association of Canada
Revue de la Socie´te´ canadienne des e´tudes classiques
Supplementary Volume XLII
Tome supple´mentaire XLII
FREDERICK E. WINTER
STUDIES IN
HELLENISTIC ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
Toronto Buffalo London
©University ofTorontoPressIncorporated2006
Toronto Buffalo London
PrintedinCanada
ISBN-13: 978-0-8020-3914-9
ISBN-10: 0-8020-3914-6
Printedonacid-freepaper
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Winter, Frederick E.
Studies in Hellenistic Architecture / Frederick E. Winter
(Phoenix. Supplementary volume ; 42)
ISBN 0-8020-3914-6
1. Architecture, Hellenistic. I. Title. II. Series: Phoenix.
Supplementary volume (Toronto, Ont.) ; 42.
NA270.W56 2006 722'.8 C2004-906397-9
University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing
program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council.
This book has beenpublished with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the
Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme,
using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of
the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP).
IN MEMORIAM
H.B. Gooding, A.R.V. Newsam, L.A. Walcott
my first teachers in Classics
W.D. Woodhead, E.T. Owen, Gilbert Norwood
from whom I learned so much about ancient Greek literature
Gilbert Bagnani
who guided me through the wonders of ancient Rome
Homer Thompson and Eugene Vanderpool
who introduced me to the Greek archaeological heritage
William Bell Dinsmoor, Sr
to whose work students of ancient Greek architecture will always be deeply indebted
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CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix
PREFACE xxxi
Introduction 3
1. Temples and Sanctuaries 5
A. From the Later Fifth Century to the Time of Alexander the Great 5
B. From Alexander the Great to the Late Hellenistic Period 9
2. Entranceways 34
3. Stoas in Later Greek Architecture 50
A. The Development of Stoas 51
B. The Columnar Orders in Stoa Architecture 65
4. Tombs and Commemorative Monuments by Janos Fedak 71
5. Theatres and Stadia 96
A. Theatres 96
B. Stadia 111
6. Gymnasia, Palaistrai, and Baths 115
7. Covered Halls and Storehouses 135
A. Covered Assembly Halls 135
B. Arsenals and Storehouses 149
8. Residential Architecture 157
viii Contents
9. The Hellenistic Style in Italy and Sicily 183
10. Architecture, Landscape, and Seascape: The Role of Setting and Vista
in Hellenistic Design 207
11. From Greek Structure to Roman Ornament: The Columnar Orders
in Hellenistic Times 219
Conclusion 235
A. Hellenistic Architects, Engineers, and Technical Writers 235
B. The Creativity of the Hellenistic Age 244
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN NOTES 251
NOTES 275
ILLUSTRATIONS 331
INDEX 437
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATE 1 333
1 Priene, plan of the temple of Athena Polias (Hoepfner/Schwandner, Hermogenes und die
hochhellenistische Architektur, Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern, 1990)
2 Priene, temple and altar of Athena from the acropolis
3 Priene, remains of the entablature of the temple of Athena, now in Berlin
4a Priene, restored drawing of the NE corner of the Athena temple (Schede, Die Ruinen von Priene,
2nd ed., Berlin, W. de Gruyter, 1964)
4b Priene, restored drawing of the entablature of the Athena temple (Wiegand and Schrader, Priene,
Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1904)
PLATE 2 334
5 Ephesos, plan of the Hellenistic Artemision and altar (Bammer, Die Architektur des ju¨ngeren
Artemision von Ephesos, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1972)
6 Ephesos, temple of Artemis, sculptured pedestal in the British Museum
7 Ephesos, temple of Artemis, sculptured column drum in the British Museum
8 Ephesos, temple of Artemis, restored drawing of corner (Krischen, Die griechische Stadt, Berlin,
Gebr. Mann, 1938)
PLATE 3 335
9 Ephesos, temple of Artemis, Hellenistic capital in the British Museum
10 Ephesos, temple of Artemis, fourth-century capital in the British Museum
11 Ephesos, Hellenistic Artemision, restored drawing of entablature (Bammer, Die Architektur des
ju¨ngere Artemision von Ephesos, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1972)
12 Thermon, plan of the sanctuary of Apollo (Coulton, The Architectural Development of the Greek Stoa,
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976)
PLATE 4 336
13Lykosoura, plan ofthesanctuaryofthe Mistress (Coulton,The ArchitecturalDevelopmentofthe Greek
Stoa, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976)
14 Lykosoura, temple of the Mistress from the S
15 Dodona, plan of the sanctuary of Zeus and adjoining areas (Gruben, Die Tempel der Griechen, 3rd
ed., Munich, Hirmer, 1980)
x Illustrations
16 Delos, plan, section, and details of the Hall of the Bulls (Lawrence, Greek Architecture, 4th ed., New
Haven, Yale University Press, 1983)
PLATE 5 337
17 Delos, view of the Hall of the Bulls
18 Delos, restored drawing of the Monument of Mithridates (Chapouthier, Exploration arche´ologique de
De´los 16, Paris, E´cole franc¸aise d’Athe`nes, 1935)
19a Delphi, Monument of Aristaineta (Courby, Fouilles de Delphes 2, Paris, E. de Boccard, 1927)
19b Delphi, Monuments of Prusias and Aemilius Paullus (Courby, Fouilles de Delphes 2, Paris, E. de
Boccard, 1927)
20 Kastabos, temple of Hemithea, schema of proportions (Cook and Plommer, The Sanctuary of
Hemithea at Kastabos, Cambridge University Press, 1966)
PLATE 6 338
21 Klaros, general view of the temple of Apollo
22 Klaros, temple of Apollo, transverse arches of the crypt
23 Didyma, plan of the Hellenistic temple of Apollo (Knackfuss, Didyma I, Berlin, Gebr. Mann, 1940)
24 Didyma, temple of Apollo from the east
PLATE 7 339
25 Didyma, temple of Apollo, view of the interior court from the west
26 Didyma, temple of Apollo, cross-section of the E end of the interior court (Knackfuss, Didyma I,
Berlin, Gebr. Mann, 1940)
27 Didyma, temple of Apollo, vault of tunnel from pronaos to interior court
28 Didyma, drawing of Corinthian half-capital from E facade of interior court (Dinsmoor, Architecture
of Ancient Greece, London, Batsford, 1950)
PLATE 8 340
29 Lindos, general plan of the sanctuary of Athena Lindia (Coulton, The Architectural Development of
the Greek Stoa, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976)
30aLindos,templeofAthenaLindia,drawingofthefacade(Dyggve,Lindos III,Berlin,W.deGruyter,
1960)
30b Lindos, temple of Athena Lindia, partially rebuilt facade (Dyggve, Lindos III, Berlin, W. de
Gruyter, 1960)
31 Samothrace, Hieron of the Great Gods, external view of the apse
32 Teos, plan of the temple and precinct of Dionysos (Mustafa Uz, in Hermogenes und die
hochhellenistische Architektur, Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern, 1990)
PLATE 9 341
33 Messa, plan of the temple of Aphrodite (Hoepfner, in Hermogenes und diehochhellenistische
Architektur, Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern, 1990)
34 Messa, view of the temple of Aphrodite
35 Messa, Ionic order of the temple of Aphrodite (Koldcewey, Die antiken Baureste der Insel Lesbos,
Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1890)
36 Chryse, plan of the Smintheion (Hoepfner, in Hermogenes und die hochhellenistische Architektur,
Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern, 1990)