Species of the abbot/i and en t/irogaster groups of Ne

21 Pages·2008·13.38 MB·English

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
110(3). 2008. pp. 647-667
THE ABBOT!! AND ERYTHROGASTER GROUPS OF NEMA TUS PANZER
(HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
DAVID R. SMITH
Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, do National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution. P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A.
(e-mail: [email protected])
Abstract.—Species of the abbot/i and en t/irogaster groups of Neniatus Panzer are
revised. The abbot/i group includes N. ahhotd (Kirby), N. laura/us (Noton). and N.
tertius, n. sp. The eritlirogaster group includes N. carpuil (Marlatt). N. corvlus
Cresson. N. en'tlirogaster Norton. N. hamamelis, n. sp., and N. lati/asciatits Cresson.
Pueronus dvari Marlatt, 1896, is a new synonym of Neniatus Iatitisciatiis Cresson,
1880. The species are described, illustrated, and keyed. All occur in eastern North
America with two species extending west to Alberta and British Columbia. Host
plants are species of Alnus, Beta/a, Carp/ntis, Con /us, Ostri'a (Corylaceae),
iJa,namelis (Hamamelidaceae), and Rohinia (Fabaceae).
Kei' Words: sawflies, Symphyta, United States, Canada
This is part of a study of Nemalus MATERIALS AND METHODS
Panzer, 1801, in North America. Acronyms used in the text are as
The first part treated the "rnagu.s" follows: ANSP, Academy of Natural
group (Smith 2004). The two groups of Sciences, Philadelphia, PA; CNC, Cana-
ATen,atus under consideration here are dian National Collection of Insects,
those established by Ross (1951) and Ottawa; CUIC, Cornell University,
followed by Smith (1979) in the North Ithaca, NY; INHS, Illinois Natural
American Hymenoptera catalogs. Except History Survey, Champaign; USNM,
for the catalogs, these groups have National Museum of Natural History,
never been defined in the literature, but Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
they represent distinct sections of Neina- DC; UWIS, University of Wisconsin,
tus. Both are widely distributed in Madison. Other institutions from which
eastern North America. One, the ahhotii specimens were examined are given in
group, may have counterparts in the Acknowledgments.
Palearctic Region, but the ervthrogaster Information on Hopkins' numbers
group seems to be strictly North Amer- were taken from the Hopkins' cards on
ican. file in the Systematic Entomology Lab-
Host plants are Robinia (Fabaceae) for oratory, U.S.D.A., located at the Na-
the abbot/i group and Alnus, Betula, tional Museum of Natural History,
Carp/ntis, Corylus, Ostrya (Corylaceae) Washington, DC.
and Hainainelis (Hamamelidaceae) for How to organize the species in Nenia-
the erythrogaster group. tus (in the broad sense) always has been a
hi
..J 648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
dilemma. Ross (1951) proposed a num- The abbotii group is roughly the same
ber of species groups for North America. as the Nematus subg. Nernatus of Zhe-
Benson (1958) did not designate groups lochovtsev and Zinovjev (1988) who
for Neinatus. Zhelochovtsev and Zinov- included nine species in the USSR, and
jev (1988) included in Neniatus a number Hypo/aepus subg. Hypo/aepus of Lacourt
of subgenera, two of which, Neniatus and (1998, 1999). Lacourt (1999) listed four
Pteronidea Rohwer, 1911, would include
species in the western Palearctic, H. (H.)
species of Ne,nart,s of Ross (1951) and caeru/eocarpus (Hartig, 1837), H. (H.)
Benson (1958). The classification by /ongispinus (Kriechbaumer, 1885) (=
Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev (1988) in- crassus auctt), H. (H.) princeps (Zad-
cluded many other taxa as subgenera
dach, 1976), and H. (H.) l'i//o.vus (Thom-
which are now considered valid genera,
son, 1862).
e.g., Pristip/iora Latreille, 1810, Phi/b- Neniatus crassus (Fallen, 1808), now
co/pa Benson, 1960, Pontania Costa, known as Hypo/aepe.s bong/splints, and
1852, and others. Lacourt's more recent
Netnatus vi/bosus were recorded from
treatments (1998, 1999) organize Nenia-
Northwest Territories by Benson (1962).
tus of Ross (1951), Smith (1979), and
Smith (1979) placed N. in the
Benson into four genera and several
abbot/i group and N. i'i//osu,v in the
subgenera. Those falling within Neinatus
"obigospi/us group." I have examined a
are Ne.'natus, for which only one Euro-
specimen of each species with Benson's
pean species is included, Hi'polaepus
determination label, both at CNC: Ne-
Kirby, 1882, which is subdivided into
mautis "crassus" is labeled "Reindeer
three subgenera, Hypo/aepus, Pteron idea,
Depot, Mackenzie Delta, 12-V1I-1948,
and Paraneinatus Zinovjev, 1978, and
W. J. Brown" and Nematus t'i//osu,s is
Kontuniemjana Lacourt, 1998. These
labeled "Cambridge Bay, NWT, 1 1-Vu-
roughly correspond to the species groups
50, G. K. Sweatman." I have not seen
of Ross (1951) and Smith (1979): abbot/i
other specimens from North America
group (= Hj'po/aepus subg. Hypo/aepus),
rihesii group (= Kontunierniana), and the and have doubts that either of these
species actually belong in the abbot/i
remaining groups in Hypo/aepus subg.
Pteronic/ea. Decisions on the taxonomic group. Neither has a wide and grooved
hind basitarus, and, according to illus-
rank for groupings of "Neinaizis" are
trations of the male genitalia by Benson
beyond the scope of this paper and
require a worldwide study of this taxo- (1958), N. "crassus" has a differently
shaped penis valve, lacking the enlarge-
nomic unit. As for now, I follow Ross
ment of the spine. As a consequence, I
(1951) and Smith (1979) for the two
groupings discussed here. have not included them in this study.
Both are all black with mostly orange
ABBOTI! GROUP legs; by this they can be distinguished
from the species treated below.
This group is separated by the wide and
The three species included in this
deeply grooved inner and outer surfaces
group are widespread in eastern North
of the hind tibia and hind basitarsus, their
America.
large size, 8.7 mm or more and usually
more than 10 mm in length, and enlarged
KEY TO SPECIES
spine of the penis valve of the male
genitalia (Figs. 11-12). The basal part of 1. Female ......................... 2
the lance is unusually enlarged, and the - Male ........................... 4
2. Legs entirely black: lancet with annuli
tarsal claws have a long inner tooth nearly
straight and serrulae narrowly rounded at
as long as the outer tooth.
apices (Fig. 3) ......... . abbotii (Kirby)
649
VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3
ML
1
k;,m%0 2
Figs. 1-2. 1, Nematus ervthrogaster. 2, N. corvlus.
650
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Legs with coxae, trochanters, fore- and
pointed to rounded at apices, with no
midtarsi and tibiae red; lancet with basal
anterior and 2 or 3 posterior subbasal
annuli curved or slanted and serrulae
truncate or broadly rounded at apices teeth; annuli 1 and 2 slightly divergent,
(Figs. 4-5) ........................ remaining annuli straight and subparal-
3. Mesosternum red; serrulae of lancet close lel, those on apical half sloping posteri-
together and broadly rounded (Fig. 5.); cercus orly toward ventral margin; hairs on
shorter than sawsheath ....... eii/us, n. sp.
annuli 2-11 or 12, absent on apical 7 or 8
- Mesosternum black; scrrulae of lancet flat
at apice.s. (.F.ig... 4.).; .c.e.rc.u.s. as long as saw- annuli, width of hairs half or less width
sheath laticulus (Norton) of segments (Fig. 3).
4. Fore- and midlegs orange with tarsi white; Male.—Length, 10.0 mm. Black, with
hind leg orange with apical half or more of
violaceous reflections; each femur red-
tibia black and tarsus white .........
dish orange, extreme apex of apical half
lot/cu/us (Norton)
Fore- and hind legs orange with coxa black; of hind femur black, extreme apex of
mid- and hind legs with coxa and trochantcr midfemur sometimes black; third ab-
black, femur orange with extre.me tip black, dominal tergite white or only with white
tibia and tarsus black ..... ubbw/ (Kirby) spot on lateral margins. Structure as for
female. Lateral spine of penis valve
Nematus cibhotii (Kirby)
enlarged at apex (Fig. 11).
(Figs. 3, 11)
Holotype.—In The Natural History
Hj'po/aepus abhotii Kirby 1882: 324, p1. Museum, London, ?, BM 1.421 labeled
13, fig. 2.—Dalla Torre 1894: 1089.- "Georgia." Examined. Kirby (1882)
Konow 1905: 63 (abbot,'). stated ". (Type), Georgia."
Nernatus abbot/i.- Marlatt 1896: 132.— Specimens examined.—CANADA ON-
Ross 1937: 87 (ahbottii).—Ross 1951: TARIO: Norfolk, May 27, 1930, hovering
42 (abhottij).—Smith 1979: 66. on pear, chokecherry, apple.
U.S.A. ALABAMA: Auburn, Lee
Female.—Average length, 12.0 mm.
Co., March 22, '71 (larvae). ARKAN-
Black; labrum and front tibia brownish;
SAS: Fayetteville, adult Apr. 20, 1939,
third tergite whitish. Body with viola-
reared on black locust. GEORGIA: See
ceous tinge. Wings very lightly infus-
holotype. ILLINOIS: Clinton, May 16,
cated, darker on apical half; veins and 1943, on Robin/a; Urbana, 5/19; Cook
stigma black.
Co., Clinton, May 16, 1943, on Robin/a;
Antenna! length 3.5x head width. McHenry, June 3, 1943. IOWA: Ames,
Fourth antennal segment longer than
May 22, 1942, April 24, 1942. KANSAS:
third segment; third segment laterally
Riley Co., May 9, 1963. MARYLAND:
flattened. Clypeus circularly emargi-
Worchester Co., Assateague Is., May 22,
nated; malar space as wide as diameter
1982, in beach drift; Montgomery Co.,
of front ocellus. Postocellar area 1.8x
Taylor Research Center, 5 km WNW
broader than long. Mesopleuron feebly
Glen Echo, 8-V-1983, Malaise trap,
shining, shagreened, with many fine
woods edge. MICHIGAN: Dexter, Apr.
punctures. Hind tibia laterally flattened,
25, 1925; Ag. Coll., June 8, 1927; Ann
deeply grooved on inner and outer
Arbor, Washtenaw Co., VI-l6-27; Barry
surfaces. Hind tarsus laterally flattened,
Co., 30 May 1968; Berry Co., T3N,
groove evident on first two segments.
RIOW, Sec. 29, 30 May 1968. MINNE-
Hind tarsal pulvilli large and round at
SOTA: Hudson Br., St. Croix R., near
least half as long as respective segment.
Lakeland, May 9, 1942, May 1941, May
Sheath short, straight above, rounded
7,1942; Hudson Bridge, Wash. Co., May
below; with very narrow scopa. Lancet
10, 1941; 3 mi S. Afton, May 10, 1941.
with about 20 serrulae, serrulae narrowly
MISSISSIPPI: Wilkinson Co., 12.5 mi E
ô5 I
\()L1.JME Ill), NUMBER 3
I Ii
j
-: - - - -
L C 3 \..
,. \.
Al
3
-
:
{ -
1

: - L— --
4
. y. -
-
I)
±
5
Figs. 3 5. Female lancets. 3, Neinatus abbot/i. 4. N. /atieulus. 5, N. tertws.
Woodville, April 25, 1973. MISSOURI: wood Co., Great Smoky Mountains
National Park, Cataloochee, May 15—
Columbia, Boone Co., Vl-1-1980, on
June 8, 2001. OHIO: Dayton, May 22,
black locust; Columbia, V-18-39; Can-
1941; Columbus, Franklin Co.; Carroll
ton, IV-19-42. NEW JERSEY: Oakland
Co., V-22-36, Minerva, May 15, 1937,
Township, collected on red pine, 6-13-68.
May 14, 1936, on locust; Mannsville,
NEW YORK: Oyster Bay, L.I., VI-3-
Johnston Co., May 4, black locust.
1961; Stouthold, L.l., July 18, 1936;
PENNSYLVANIA: Inglenook, V-26-
Ithaca, May 10, 1940. NORTH CAR-
OLINA: Highlands, 3,100, 2-V-57; Hay- 11, V-19-10; Rockville, VI-10-13; Hun-
I
!I 652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
tingdon, V-18-65. TENNESSEE: Sevier
year. At Great Falls Park in Fairfax Co.,
Co., Great Smoky Mountains National Virginia, I took many specimens in a trap
Park, Twin Creeks, Apr. 24–May 8,
that was set among black locust; shortly
2000. VIRGINIA: Clarke Co., 2 mi E
after adults were collected, I noted a
Boyce, Univ. Virginia Blandy Experi-
number of edge-feeding, dark-spotted
mental Farm and State Arboretum of
larvae on the leaves of the trees which
Virginia, many specimens, mostly the were undoubtedly those of N. abbot ii.
end of April and May, 1990-1995; Fair-
This is one of two sawflies known to
fax Co., near Annandale, 3850'N,
feed on black locust. The other, Neinatus
77 12'W, collections in April. May, and
tibia/is Newman, 1837, normally occurs
first of June, 1982-2001; Fauquier Co.,
later in mid-summer to early autumn and
Sky Meadows St. Pk., 2 mi S Paris, V-
may have more than one generation a
30-86; Essex Co., 2 mi SE Dunnsville,
year. The adults of N. tibia/is are smaller,
3752"N, 7648"W, many specimens in
normally around 6 mm long, and are
April and May 1991-1999; Loudoun
green (yellowish to brownish in collec-
Co., Goose Creek, V-14-28-1999, V-3-
tions) with black spots on the dorsuni of
17-2000; Warren Co., 4 km NNW Lin-
in the head and thorax; the larvae are
den. 335 Estates), 3856'N, unicolorous green, not spotted as are
78 05'W, 20-27-IV-1985, V-15-25-1996;
those of N. ahbotii.
Mt. Elliott, Angusta Co., 4,473', June 20,
Discussion.—This is a large, distinc-
1934; Turkey Run Park, Fairfax Co.
tive black species. The serrulae of the
38 57.9'N, 7709.4'W, many specimens
lancet are narrowly rounded at their
mostly in April and May, 2006, 2007;
apices (Fig. 3), as opposed to the trun-
Fairfax Co., Great Falls Park, many
cate apices in N. laticulus and the
specimens mostly in April and May,
broadly rounded apices in N. tertius.
2007. WEST VIRGINIA: Hardy Co.,
The male may be confused with that of
3 mi NE Mathias, 38°55'N, 7849'W,
N. laticu/us, but only the femora are
many specimens, mostly in May and first
orange to reddish orange in N. ahhotii,
part of June, 1994-2006; Tucker Co.,
whereas the tibiae and tarsi are also
Fernow Experimental Forest, many
partly to mostly white in N. laticu/us.
specimens, mostly in May, 1991-1993;
The male genitalia of N. ahhotii and N.
Kanawha Sta. (Hopk. 2477). WISCON-
laticu/us appear identical (Fig. 11-12).
SIN: Wanpica, 6-12-20.
Host and biology.—Larvae feed on
Neniatus laticulus (Norton)
black locust, Robin/a pseudoacacia L.
(Figs. 4, 12)
(Fabaceae). The biology is not known
except for information associated with Craesus latic u/us Norton 1869: 368.-
Hopkins' number 2477 which states that Marlatt 1896: 86.—Konow 1905: 61--
an adult was captured on May 4. 1905 MacGillivray 1916: 121 .—Cresson
"on young leave apparently ovipositing" 1928: 7.
at Kenawha Sta., WV. A record from Neniatus laticu/us: Dalla Torre 1894:
Ontario in the CNC states "on Robin/a 232.—Ross 1951: 42.—Smith 1979: 66.
pesudoacacia." I have taken this species A,nauroneniatus rujipes Marlatt 1896:
in Malaise traps in many locations in 78.—Konow 1905: 60.—MacGillivray
Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, 1916: 121.—Ross 1951: 42 ( /aticu/us
always where there is an abundance of Norton).
black locust. Adults fly in the spring, Neniatus procidentius Rohwer 1912:
most in April and May. The single 245.—Ross 1951: 42 (= laticulus Nor-
flight time indicates one generation a ton).
VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3 653
Female.—Average length, 10.3 mm. "Massachusetts, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.);
Antenna and head black; ventral surface Virginia. (Peabody Institute, Salem).
of third and fourth antennal segments, Two ." Cresson (1928) designated the
labrum, and mouthparts brownish. Tho- lectotype "10,303 Y Massachusetts" at
rax black; tegula white to brownish. ANSP. I have not located the Virginia
Fore- and midlegs orange with tarsi specimen.
whitish to infuscated; hind leg with coxa, Marlatt (1896) described A. rut ipes
trochanter, and femur orange, tibia with from "One male. Indiana. (Coll. Cornell
basal third whitish, apical two-thirds Univ.)" Hoebeke (1980) did not include
black, tarsus with basal segment black, this in his list of types at Cornell and
remaining segments whitish. Abdomen more recently did not locate it in the
black with white patches on lateral Cornell collection (personal Communica-
portions of tergites 3 and usually 4. tion). I have not been able to locate the
Wings hyaline. specimen.
Antennal length 3.7X head width; Rohwer (1912) described N. prociden-
fourth antennal segment only slightly I/us from "Conewago, Pennsylvania.
longer than third segment; segments not One Male collected June 23, 1911." It is
laterally flattened. Clypeus deeply. cir- in the USNM., type no. 14412.
cularly emarginated; malar space wider Specimens examined.—CANADA.
than diameter of front ocellus. Postocel- ONTARIO: Gait, June 19, 1961.
lar area 1.5X broader than long. Meso- U.S.A. ILLINOIS: Spring Bay, July
pleuron shining with very line punctures. 1942. INDIANA: "Indiana." IOWA:
Hind tibia laterally flattened with dis- Preparation Canyon St. Pk, Monorna
tinct groove on inner and outer surfaces; Co., 41 53'N, 9555'W, VI-6-1960.
hind tarsus laterally flattened, basal two KENTUCKY: Harrison Co., Silverlake
segments with distinct grooves. Tarsal Farm, Savana, 38 19.234'N. 84°21.510'W,
pulvilli large and round, nearly half as May 5-12, 2004. MARYLAND: Plum-
long as respective segment. Sheath short, mers Id., nr. Cabin John, May 4, 1965.
straight above, rounded below, with MASSACHUSETS: See Norton's type.
narrow scopa at apex. Lancet with about MISSOURI: Mound City, Holt Co., VI-
18 serrulae; each serrula broad, flat at 9-1968, Malaise trap; Columbia, 5-14-
apex which is only gently sloping, and 1956. NEW JERSEY: Lanaway, Ocean
separated from each other by deep. Co. NEW YORK: Van Cortlandt Park,
narrow notches; first and second annuli May 8, 1896, on locust; Ithaca, May 27,
subparallel; annuli 2-3 slightly curved, 1936, June 4, 1941. NORTH CARO-
rest straight; hairs on annuli 2-12, apical LINA: Highland, 3-5,000 ft., Apr. 1936;
6 or 7 annuli without hairs; annular hairs Haywood Co., Great Smoky Mountains
half or more width than segments National Park, Cataloochee, May 15–
(Fig. 4). June 8, 2001. OHIO: Columbus, VI-5-
Male.—Length, 8.3 mm. Coloration 25. PENNSYLVANIA: Harrisburg, V-
similar to that of female except for 29, 5-13-11; Mechanicsburg, VI-10-08;
antenna which is mostly brownish, and Huntingdon, Juniata College, IV-29-35;
abdomen which is entirely black. Third Huntingdon, June 10, 1968. SOUTH
and fourth antennal segments laterally DAKOTA: Brookings, June 25, 1928.
flattened. Other structures as for female. VIRGINIA: Essex Co., 2 mi SE Dunns-
Penis valve as in Fig. 12. ville, 3752'N, 76 48'W, many speci-
Types.—The type of C. laticulu,v Nor- mens in April and May, 1992-1999;
ton is at ANSP. Y labeled "Mass." and Clarke Co. 2 mi SE Boyce, Univ.
"Type No. 10303." Norton (1869) stated Virginia Blandy Experimental Farm
I
IV
654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
F
J:..: f.
f ..
! k' At
r
-
-
79
- '
4
7
L
71
, \
MAW
8
Figs. 6-8. Female lancets. 6. Nematus curl/us. 7. N. erjthrogastc'r. 8, N. carp/ni.
and State Arboretum of Virginia, V-I I- 31. WISCONSIN: Madison, 6-19-17;
24-1993; Fairfax Co., near Annandale, Burke, 5-4-15.
38-50'N, 77 12'W, V-18-24-1997; Falls Host and biology.—Unknown, except
Church, May 22, 1923. WEST VIRGI- that one adult was collected from locust. I
NIA: Wayne Co., Beech Fork Lake have taken this occasionally in Malaise
(USCE), Stowers Branch, 26-V-1992; traps, in similar places as N. abbotii, but
Hardy Co., 3 mi NE Mathias, 38 55'N, not in large numbers. All records are in
78 49'W, collections in May and June, April and May, and the single flight
2004-2006; Kearneysville, 6-7-38, v-29- period suggests a single generation a year.
I
VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3 655
Discussion.—The orange fore- and Paratypes. --CANADA. ALBERTA:
midlegs and flat apices of the serrulae Wabamum, 11-VII-1931, E. H. Strick-
of the lancet (Fig. 4) will distinguish this land (I , INHS). NEW BRUNSWICK:
species from N. abhotii. St. John, July 6, 1902, A. G. Leavitt (1 Y,
CNC). ONTARIO: One Sided Lake,
Ne,nat,i.s tertiu.s Smith, new species June 28, 1960, S. M. Clark (I Y, CNC).
(Fig. 5) QUEBEC: Mt. Albert, 700', 24-VIl-
1954, W. J. Brown (I , CNC).
Female.— Average length. 8.7 mm.
U.S.A. NEW YORK: Ithaca, I Sept.
Antenna and head black; labrum and
'89, Cornell U. Lot 85, Sub. 45 (1 ?,
maxillary and labial palpi whitish;
CUIC). WISCONSIN: Salmo, Bayfield
brownish spot on each upper inner orbit.
Co., Aug. 12, 1919, W. L. McAtee,
Thorax black; tegula brownish to white;
collector ( I -, UWIS).
mesosternum and lower half of mesepis-
Etymology. -From the Latin word,
ternum orange. Legs orange with hind
terlius, referring to the third species of
tibia, except extreme base, and hind
this group found in North America.
tarsus black. Abdomen black. Wings
Host.—Unknown.
hyaline.
Discussion.—The orange mesoster-
Antennal length 2.8X head width;
nurn and lower half of the mesepister-
fourth antennal segment slightly longer
num will separate this species from N.
than third; segments round, not laterally
laticulus, the species with which it is most
flattened. Clypeus shallowly emargi-
likely to be confused. The cerci which are
nated; malar space slightly wider than
shorter than the sheath, broadly rounded
diameter of front ocellus. Postocellar
serrulae of the lancet, and converging
area 1.8X broader than long. Meso-
first and second annuli of the lancet also
pleuron shining, finely punctate. Hind
will separate this species.
tibia wide, laterally flattened, with dis-
tinct groove on inner and outer surfaces;
El? YT/IROGAS7ER GROUP
hind basitarsus flattened, with groove.
Tarsal pulvilli small, oval, about a third Species of this group share the follow-
length of respective segment. Cercus ing characters: Hind tibia slightly wid-
short, not attaining length of sheath in ened with an indistinct outer longitudinal
dorsal view. Sheath short, straight groove; hind basitarsus cylindrical, with-
above, rounded below, slender, without out a groove; sawsheath short and
scopa. Lancet with about 24 serrulae; rounded in lateral view, wide in dorsal
each serrula low, broadly rounded, view; cerci longer than sheath; lancet
separated from each other by narrow strongly sclerotized, with deep serrulae,
notch; first and second annuli close and with lateral spines on annuli
together, slightly converging above; an- (Figs. 6- 10), lance extremely widened at
nuli straight; lateral hairs on annuli 2-19, its base; tarsal claws with a long inner
only apical 2 or 3 annuli without hairs; tooth, nearly same length as inner tooth;
annular hairs on each annulus except on tarsal pulvilli small, oval and narrow,
17-19 full length of annulus; width of less than width of and less than half
hairs half or slightly more than half length of their respective tarsal segments;
width of segments (Fig. 5). and male penis valve is slightly curved,
Male.—Unknown. with a stout spine, and a rather low,
Holotype.—Female, "Highlands, North rounded adjacent lobe (Figs. 13-15).
Carolina, Macon Co., July 9, 1965, P. M. Most specimens are small, usually 6-
Marsh, collector" (USNM). 7 mm in length.
656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
!
--
\
\\
1
Figs. 9-10. Female lancets. 9. Nematus latikisciatus. 10. N. hwnameli.s
There are no counterparts of this of both groups appear and feed in mid-
group in the Palearctic Region. The summer to early autumn, unlike the
species included here would fall in spring appearance of many sawflies. It
Nematus subg. Pteronidae of both Zhe- is beyond the scope of this paper to
lochovtsev and Zinovjev (1988) and evaluate the generic limits, but if the hind
Lacourt (1998, 1999). legs were missing in specimens, it would
The close relationship of this group be almost impossible to place them
with Craesus Leach, 1817, is intriguing. correctly.
Except for the expanded and flattened Males of this group are very difficult
hind basitarsus in Craesus, species of to separate and color differs from the
both groups are remarkably similar. females. Only slight differences in color,
Both share similarities of the sheath, which could be variable, and subtle
very similar female lancets which are well differences in the penis valve can be
sclerotized and with lateral armature and used. As a group, they are mostly black,
deep serrulae, and almost identical male sometimes with the sterna orange, and
penis valves, which are slightly curved the legs are yellow to yellow orange with
with a stout spine and weak lateral lobe the basal part of the hind tibia white and
(see Smith 1972 for figures of Craesus). apical part black and hind tarsus black.
Larvae of Craesus species also have Species of the eri'throgaster group
paired protuberances on the apical ter- appear in mid-summer to early autumn,
gum as to those of Nematus, and species unlike many sawflies that fly in the early