Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History 1300–362 BC & Hellenistic and Roman Sparta: A Tale of Two Cities

687 Pages·2001·4.18 MB·English

by  Antony Spawforth

Sparta and Lakonia

Sparta and Lakonia

A regional history 1300–362 BC

Paul Cartledge

London and New York
First published 1979
by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd

Second edition first published 2002
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.

© 1979, 2002 Paul Cartledge
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 0-203-47223-3 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-78047-7 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-26356-5 (Hbk)
ISBN 0-415-26276-3 (Pbk)
To Judith Portrait (again)

Contents

List of figures ix
Preface xi
Preface to the second edition xiii
Notes on the spelling of Greek words and on dates xiv
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Boundaries 3
2 The physical setting 11
3 Climate 21
4 The Stone and Bronze Ages to c. 1300 26
PART II PRECLASSICAL LAKONIA c. 1300–500BC
5 Greek oral tradition as history 43
6 The last Mycenaeans c. 1300–1050 52
7 The first Dorians c. 1050–775 65
8 The Lakonian renascence c. 775–650 88
9 The consolidation of Lakonia c. 650–490 113
10 Helots and Perioikoi 138
PART III CLASSICAL LAKONIA c. 500–362 BC
11 The crisis of Lakonia 490–460 171
12 The Athenian wars c. 460–404 192
13 The reduction of Lakonia 404–362 228
PART IV RESULTS AND PROSPECTS
14 The decline of Spartiate manpower 263
15 Epilogue 273
vii
Contents
Appendix 1 Gazetteer of sites in Lakonia and Messenia 278
Appendix 2 The Homeric poems as history 288
Appendix 3 The Spartan king-lists 293
Appendix 4 The Helots: some ancient sources in translation 299
Appendix 5 The sanctuary of (Artemis) Orthia 308
Abbreviations 313
Bibliographical appendix to the second edition 315
Bibliographical addenda to the second edition 318
Bibliography 323
Index 338

viii
Figures

1 The frontiers of Sparta c. 545 2
2 The geology of Lakonia 12
3 The Helos plain: geological change 17
4 Neolithic and Early Helladic Lakonia 27
5 Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I-IIIA Lakonia 34
6 The Menelaion hill near Sparta 38
7 Late Helladic IIIB Lakonia 55
8 Late Helladic IIIC Lakonia 60
9 Protogeometric Lakonia 67
10 Stratification at the Amyklaion sanctuary 71
11 Lakonian Protogeometric and Geometric pottery 74
12 The villages of Sparta 91
13 The distribution of Lakonian Late Geometric pottery 95
14 Messenia in the eighth century BC 101
15 The colonization of Taras c. 706 108
16 Archaic sites in Lakonia and Messenia 114
17 Routes in Lakonia and Messenia 160
18 Classical sites in Lakonia and Messenia 172
19 The sanctuary of Orthia at Sparta 309

ix