Table Of Contentarea handbook series
Spain
country study
Spain
country study
Federal Research Division
Library of Congress
Edited by
Eric Solsten
and Sandra W. Meditz
Research Completed
December 1988
On the cover: Windmills at Consuegra in Toledo Province
Second Edition, First Printing, 1990.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Spain: A Country Study.
Area Handbook Series, DA Pam 550-179
Research completed December 1988.
Bibliography: pp. 355-384.
Includes index.
1. Spain. I. Solsten, Eric D., 1943- . II. Meditz, Sandra W.,
1950- III. Library of Congress. Federal Research Division. IV.
Area Hand. book for Spain. V. Series. VI. Series: DA Pam 550-179.
DP17.S67 1990 946—dc20 90-6127 CIP
Headquarters, Department of the Army
DA Pam 550-179
ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments, U.S. GovernmentPrintingOffice
Washington,D.C. 20402
Foreword
This volume is one in a continuing series of books now being
prepared by the Federal ResearchDivision ofthe Library ofCon-
—
gress underthe Country Studies Area HandbookProgram. The
last page of this book lists the other published studies.
Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country,
describing and analyzingits political, economic, social, and national
security systems and institutions, and examiningthe interrelation-
ships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural
factors. Each study iswritten by a multidisciplinary team ofsocial
scientists. The authors seek to provide a basic understanding of
the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather than a static
portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who make
upthe society, theirorigins, dominantbeliefs andvalues, theircom-
mon interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature
and extentoftheirinvolvementwithnationalinstitutions, andtheir
attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and
political order.
The books represent the analysis ofthe authors and should not
be construed as an expression ofan official United States govern-
ment position, policy, or decision. The authors have sought to
adhere to accepted standards ofscholarlyobjectivity. Corrections,
additions, and suggestions for changes from readers will be wel-
comed for use in future editions.
Louis R. Mortimer
Acting Chief
Federal Research Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C. 20540
iii
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of the fol-
lowing individuals who wrote the 1976 edition ofSpain: A Country
Study: David P. Coffin, Eugene K. Keefe, James M. Moore, Jr.,
Robert Rinehart, and Susan H. Scurlock. Their work provided
some portions of the text.
The authors are grateful to individuals in various agencies of
the United States government and in international and private
institutions who gave of their time, research materials, and spe-
cial knowledge, providing both information and perspective. Offi-
cials at theWorld Bank and the United States Department ofState
were especially helpful in providingeconomic data. Similarly, offi-
cials ofthe United States Department ofDefense supplied up-to-
date information about Spain's defense forces. The staff of the
Embassy ofSpain inWashington also providedvaluable assistance
and material. Patrick Buckley made insightful comments on drafts
of some of the text.
The authors also wish to thank those who contributed directly
to the preparation of the manuscript. These include Richard F.
Nyrop, who reviewed all drafts and served asliaisonwith the spon-
soring agency; Richard Kollodge, Noel Beatty, Evan Raynes, and
Gage Ricard, who edited the chapters; Martha E. Hopkins, who
managed editing; Marilyn Majeska, who managed book produc-
tion; and BarbaraEdgerton,Janie L. Gilchrist, and IzellaWatson,
who did the word processing. Carolyn Hinton performed the final
prepublication editorial review, and Shirley Kessel, ofCommuni-
cators Connections, compiled the index. Diann J. Johnson and
Malinda B. Neale ofthe Library ofCongressPrintingand Process-
ing Section performed phototypesetting, under the supervision of
Peggy Pixley.
David P. Cabitto, who was assisted by Sandra K. Cotugno and
Kimberly A. Lord, provided invaluable graphics support. Susan
M. Lender reviewed the map drafts, which were prepared by
Kimberly A. Lord and Greenhorne and O'Mara. Kimberly A.
Lord also deserves special thanks for designing the illustrations for
the book's cover and the title page ofeach chapter. Many photo-
graphs were graciously suppliedby the National Tourist Office of
Spain in New York and the Embassy of Spain in Washington.
The authors also would like to thank several individuals who
provided research support. Arvies Staton supplied information
J.
on ranks and insignia, and Karen M. Sturges-Vera authored the
section on geography in chapter 2.
