Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols

243 Pages·1999·8.615 MB·English

by  P. Frederick Sparling (auth.), Rosanna W. Peeling PhD, P. Frederick Sparling MD (eds.)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE"
John M. Walker, SEIRES ROTIDE
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Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
Methods and Protocols
detidE yb
Rosanna W. Peeling, DhP
National Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Winnipeg, Canada
and
.P Frederick Sparling, DM
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Humana Press ~(E
Totowa, weN Jersey
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Methods in molecular medicine
.MT
Sexually transmitted diseases: methods and protocols/edited by Rosanna W. Peeling and
P. Frederick Sparling
p. cm.---(Methods in molecular medicine )MT
Includes index.
ISBN 0-89603-535-2 (alk. paper)
.1 Sexually transmitted diseases-Diagnosis-Laboratory manuals. 2. Molecular diagnosis--
Laboratory manuals. 3. Molecular microbiology-Laboratory manuals. 4. Sexually transmitted
diseases-Molecular aspects-Laboratory manuals. I. Peeling, Rosanna W. .1I Sparling, .P
Frederick. .111 Series.
DNLM: .1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases-diagnosis. 2. Laboratory Techniques and Procedures--
standards. .3 Molecular Biology-methods. WC 041 P967 1998
RC200.55.M64P76 1999
616.95' 1075-DC21
DNLM/DLC 98-18197
for Library of Congress CIP
Preface
In recent years, molecular techniques have enhanced our ability to detect
sexually transmitted infections and to conduct research to further our under-
standing of sexually transmitted diseases. Molecular methods to quantitate
pathogen load have also been shown to be useful for the management of HIV
and other viral STDs. Existing laboratory manuals for the clinical microbiol-
ogy laboratory often do not include molecular methods for STDs. Sexually
Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols is intended to fill the need for a
dedicated manual that covers all the fundamental aspects of molecular proto-
cols for laboratory diagnosis, as well as research methodology for STDs, in-
cluding HIV.
There are more than 21 types of molecular techniques described in this
book covering nine major sexually transmitted pathogens. Although molecu-
lar methods for the detection of such pathogens as Trichomonas vaginalis are
available in the published literature, they have not been included since they
are not yet widely used for laboratory diagnosis or research.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols is one of a series
of books treating Methods ni Molecular Medicine, published by Humana Press.
It is intended as a stand-alone laboratory manual that will not require refer-
ence to any other sources. When a reagent or product for any protocol re-
quires a unique source, the manufacturer is cited in the text. Unique features
of books in this series are such regular elements as a "Notes" section at the
end of each chapter that provides hands-on information on pitfalls to avoid,
tips for problem solving, alternative strategies, along with other practical in-
formation that has accumulated during the authors' years of experience with
molecular techniques. Such valuable information and insight are seldom found
in journal articles or other publications.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols should be of in-
terest not only to clinical microbiologists who are new to molecular techniques,
but also useful for laboratory scientists with an interest in STD/HIV research.
Given the enormous psychological implications of a positive diagnosis for a
sexually transmitted infection, laboratories currently employing commercial
kits for routine detection of sexually transmitted pathogens can use methods
described in this book to independently confirm positive results, and for qual-
vi Preface
ity assurance in general. Methods suitable for field studies described in this
book may be of use for studies in developing countries. Duplex and multiplex
PCR methods designed sa panels for DTS syndromes can be a cost-effective
means of monitoring disease prevalence and validating algorithms for
syndromic management, an important DTS control strategy in developing
countries.
Rosanna W. Peeling, DHP
P. Frederick Spading, DM
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................. v
ix
Contributors .....................................................................................................
PART I. OVERVIEW
1 The Impact of Molecular Technology on STD Control:
A Historical evitcepsreP
.P Frederick Spading
............................................................................. 3
PART II. MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETECTION OF
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED PATHOGENS
2 Neisseria :eaeohrronog noitceteD dna gnipyT by eborP
,noitazidirbyH LCR, dna RCP
Charlotte A. Gaydos and Thomas C. Quinn ..................................... 51
aidymalhC sitamohcart
3 Molecular Diagnosis for Infections by Probe
Hybridization, PCR, LCR, TMA, and Q-13 Replicase
Max A. Chernesky and James B. Mahony ........................................ 33
4 Haemophilus ducreyi
Detection by PCR
Patricia A. Totten, Jane Kuypers, and Stephen A. Morse .............. 47
amenoperT pallidum, sulihpomeaH ,iyercud
5 Detection of
and Herpes Simplex Virus by Multiplex PCR
Karina A. Orle and Judith .B Weiss 67
...................................................
6 Detection of Genital Mycoplasmas by PCR
Claire .B Gilroy and David Taylor-Robinson 18
....................................
Detection dna noitatitnauQ by enarbmeM
7 Hepatitis B Virus:
and Liquid ,noitazidirbyH Branched AND Signal ,noitacififpmA
Hybrid ,erutpaC dna RCP sdohteM
Mel Krajden ........................................................................................ 301
8 Molecular Diagnosis of HIV-1 by PCR
Susan A. Fiscus ............................................................................... 921
v//
viii Contents
PART III. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY
AND THE MANAGEMENT OF STDs
9 Genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Pulse Field Gel
Electrophoresis and PCR
lan .W Maclean ................................................................................... 143
10 Genotyping Chlamydia trachomatis by PCR
Deborah Dean ..................................................................................... 151
11 Human Papillomavirus Detection by PCR and Typing by Dot-Blot
Agnetha Josefsson, Patrik Magnusson, and UIf Gyllensten ....... 171
12 Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in Dried Plasma Spots (DPS): A Field
Approach to Therapeutic Monitoring
Sharon A. Cassol, Francisco Diaz-Mitoma,
and D. William Cameron ............................................................... 195
13 Collection and Processing of Seminal Plasma
for the Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA by NASBA and RT-PCR
Susan A. Fiscus and Myron S. Cohen ............................................ 209
PART IV. MOLECULART ECHNOLOGYF OR STD DIAGNOSISA ND RESEARCH;
THE NEW CHALLENGES
14 Molecular Techniques for HIV and STDs: Implications for
Research and Disease Control in the New Millenium
Rosanna .W Peeling, David .C .W Mabey,
and King K. Holmes ...................................................................... 219
Index ............................................................................................................ 233
Contributors
D. WILLIAM NOREMAC Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa General
°
Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario adanaC
NORAHS A. LOSSAC ° Ottawa General Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa,
,oiratnO Canada
MAX A. YKSENREHC Regional Virology and Chlamydia Laboratory, .tS
•
Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
MYRON S. NEHOC • Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
HAROBED DEAN ° University of ainrofilaC at naS francisco School of ,enicideM
naS Francisco, AC
OCSICNARF DIAZ-MITOMA Ottawa General Hospital Research Institute,
°
Ottawa, Ontario, adanaC
NASUS A. FIscus Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at
°
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
ETTOLRAHC A. GRAYDOS Disease Division, Johns Hopkins
"Infectious
,ytisrevinU Baltimore, Maryland
CLAIRE B. GILROY ehT Jefferiss Trust Research Laboratories, Imperial
°
College School of Medicine at .tS Mary's, London, UK
ULF NETSNELLYG Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical ,retneC
°
,alasppU Sweden
KING K. SEMLOH Center for AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases,
°
University of ,notgnihsaW Seattle, AW
AHTENGA NOSSFESOJ • Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical ,retneC
,alasppU Sweden
MEL NEDJARK ehT Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
°
ENAJ SREPYUK tnemtrapeD of ,ygolohtaP ytisrevinU of ,notgnihsaW ,elttaeS AW
°
DAVID C. W. MABEY ° Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, KU
IAN NAELCAM • Department of Medical Microbiology, University of
Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
PATRIK NOSSUNGAM Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical ,retneC
°
,alasppU Sweden
ix
x Contributors
SEMAJ B. YENOHAM • Regional Virology and Chlamydia Laboratory, .tS
Joseph's Hospital McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
NEHPETS A. ESROM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, AG
•
ANIRAK A. ELRO Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, AC
•
National Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted
ROSANNA W. PEELING •
Diseases, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
SAMOHT C. QUINN • Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD
Department of Medicine, University of North
P. FREDERICK SPARLING •
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
ND. OSNIBOR-ROLYAT • The Jefferiss Trust Research Laboratories, Imperial
College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, UK
AICIRTAP A. NETTOT Division of Infectious Diseases, University of ,notgnihsaW
•
Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, AW
HTIDUJ B. SSIEW ° Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, AC