Routledge Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals and Festivals (Religion and Society)

504 Pages·2004·4.71 MB·English

by  Frank A. Salamone

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e n c y c l o p e d i a
o f
religious rites,
rituals, and festivals
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ROUTLEDGE ENCYCLOPEDIAS OF RELIGION AND SOCIETY
David Levinson,Series Editor
The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements
Richard A.Landes,Editor
The Encyclopedia of African and African-American Religions
Stephen D.Glazier,Editor
The Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism
Brenda E.Brasher,Editor
The Encyclopedia of Religious Freedom
Catharine Cookson,Editor
The Encyclopedia of Religion and War
Gabriel Palmer-Fernandez,Editor
The Encyclopedia of Religious Rites,Rituals,and Festivals
Frank A.Salamone,Editor
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e n c y c l o p e d i a
o f
religious rites,
rituals, and festivals
Frank A.
Salamone,
Editor
Religion & Society
A Berkshire Reference Work
R O U T L E D G E
New York London
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Published in 2004 by
Routledge
29 West 35thStreet
New York,NY 10001
www.routledge-ny.com
Published in Great Britain by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane
London EC4P 4EE
www.routledge.uk.co
A Berkshire Reference Work.
Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group.
Copyright © 2004 by Berkshire Publishing Group
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical,or other means,now known or hereafter
invented,including photocopying and recording or in any
information storage or retrieval system,without permission
in writing from the publishers.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of religious rites,rituals,and festivals / Frank A.
Salamone,editor.
p.cm.– (Routledge encyclopedias of religion and society)
“A Berkshire Reference work”.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-415-94180-6
1. Religions—Encyclopedias.2. Rites and ceremonies—
Encyclopedias.
I. Salamone,Frank A.II. Series.
BL31.E47 2004
2039.8903—dc22
2003020389
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Contents
Editorial Advisory Board vii
List of Entries ix
Introduction xi
Entries Ato Z 1
List of Contributors 459
Index 463
v
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Editorial Advisory Board
General Editor
Frank A. Salamone
Department of Anthropology, Iona College
Associate Editors
Nikki Bado-Fralick
Department of Religious Studies, Iowa State University
Sabina Magliocco
Department of Anthropology, California State University,
Northridge
Dan Smith
Department of History, Iona College
Berkshire Publishing Group Staff
David Levinson
Series Editor
Elizabeth Eno
Project Coordinator
Marcy Ross
Associate Editor
Francesca Forrest
Mike Nichols
Stephen Sanborn
Mark Siemens
Copy Editors
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List of Entries
Academic Rituals 1 Evil Eye 131
Africa, Central 5 Exorcism 132
Africa, West 9 Food and Rituals 139
African-American Churches 13 Gender Rituals 145
Afro-Brazilian 18 Glossolalia 150
Afro-Caribbean 22 Greco-Roman 151
Agricultural Rituals 26 Haircutting Rituals 157
Altered States of Consciousness 30 Hajj 159
Asceticism 35 Hanukkah 161
Australian Aboriginal 39 Hawai’i 163
Azande 42 Healing and Rituals 167
Baha’i 47 Hinduism 170
Birth Rituals 48 Humor and Rituals 176
Blood Rituals 53 Hunting Rituals 179
Body and Rituals 57 Iban 185
Buddhism 61 Identity Rituals 187
Calendrical Rituals 67 Inversion, Rites of 192
Camp Meetings 70 Islam 195
Cannibalism 72 Jainism 199
Catholicism 74 Javanese 201
China: Popular Religion 80 Judaism 203
Christmas 85 Kwanzaa 209
Clothing and Rituals 88 Language, Literacy, and Ritual 213
Commemorative Rituals 93 Liminoid 217
Communitas 96 Madagascar 221
Communitas, Rites of 97 Magic 223
Crisis Rituals 101 Mardi Gras 228
Day of the Dead 105 Marriage Rituals 230
Death Rituals 107 Martial Arts 236
Divali 112 Melanesia 237
Divination 114 Micronesia 241
Easter 119 Millennialism 245
Ecstatic Worship 122 Misrecognition and Rituals 249
Epiphany 126 Monastic Communities 252
Eucharistic Rituals 129 Mormons 256
ix