Review of fishery and aquaculture development potentials in the Republic of Moldova, C 1055

108 Pages·2014·2.42 MB·English

fao fisheries and aquaculture circular no. 1055/3 Reu/c1055/3(en)
issn 2070-6065
Review of fisheRy and aquacultuRe development
potentials in the Republic of moldova
Copies of FAO publications can be requested from:
Sales and Marketing Group
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: [phone]
Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/3 REU/C1055/3(En)
Review of fishery and
aquaculture development
potentials in the
Republic of Moldova
Elena Zubcov Marin Usatii
Head of Laboratory Head of Laboratory
Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Laboratory of Ichthyology and Aquaculture,
Ecotoxicology, Institute of Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of
Academy of Sciences of Moldova Moldova
Galina Curcubet Ludmila Barbaiani
Director Researcher
Chisinau Branch of the State Enterprise on Chisinau Branch of the State Enterprise
Research and Production of Water Bio- on Research and Production of Water Bio-
resources Aquaculture – Moldova resources Aquaculture-Moldova
Lucia Biletchi Éva Kovács
Leading Scientific Researcher Junior Aquaculture Officer
Laboratory of Hydrobiology and FAO Subregional Office for Central and
Ecotoxicology, Institute of Zoology, Eastern Europe
Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Thomas Moth-Poulsen
Vasili Domanciuc Fishery Officer
Head of Laboratory FAO Subregional Office for Central and
Laboratory of Selection and Reproduction of Eastern Europe
Fish, Chisinau Branch of the State Enterprise
on Research and Production of Water Bio- András Woynarovich
resources Aquaculture – Moldova FAO Consultant
food and aGRicultuRe oRGaniZation of the united nations
Rome, 2013
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this
information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever
on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city
or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers,
whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have
been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar
nature that are not mentioned.
The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and
do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
ISBN 978-92-5-107722-1 (print)
E-ISBN 978-92-5-107723-8 (PDF)
© FAO 2013
FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this
information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be
copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching
purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that
appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is
given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not
implied in any way.
All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other
commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest
or addressed to [email protected].
FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/
publications) and can be purchased through [email protected].
v
preparation of this document
The objectives in producing this document were to record the present state and conditions
of the fisheries and aquaculture sector in the Republic of Moldova, as well as to point out
those entry points that could ensure its further sustainable development.
Data and information were provided by two professional teams headed by Dr Elena
Zubcov, Head of the Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology, Academy of
Sciences of Moldova, and Dr Galina Curcubet, Director of the Chisinau Branch of the State
Enterprise on Research and Production of Water Bio-resources Aquaculture – Moldova.
The teams embraced the envisaged themes including the physical, social, economic and
administrative background and structure of the sector.
This review is based on the results obtained from a range of research projects conducted
by the Institute of Zoology, and funded by the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. These
projects were:
• The study of biodiversity, functioning of hydrobiocenoses for determining the
carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems both fluvial and lacustrine, in dependence
on natural and anthropogenic factors (Project No. 06.411.012F).
• Estimating the role of groups of terrestrial, aquatic animals, zoo- and phyto parasites
of economic interest, the development of measures of monitoring, sustainable
utilization of useful species and control of harmful once (Project No. 06.411.014A).
• Revealing the water quality and the state of aquatic ecosystems in Lower Prut
(Project No. 09.832.08.07A).
• Regularities of intraspecific variability of the structure and dynamics of population
of cyprinids (the example species Abramis brama L.) in Moldova and the European
part of Russia (Project No. 08.820-04-22 RF).
• CRDF-MRDA Assessment of current status of biodiversity and water quality in
Dniester River (Project No. MBI-3002).
• Elaboration of growth technology of Kefal pelingas (Project No. BPP-03-06).
In the preparation of this document, FAO guidelines on the elaboration of similar
fisheries and aquaculture country reviews were followed. The review has been endorsed
by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry of the Republic of Moldova, which is
the ministry responsible for fisheries and aquaculture.
vi
abstract
The Republic of Moldova is rich in retained water resources. Comparing the size of the
country and the total area of water reservoirs and ponds, it has the largest resources of
artificial waterbodies among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The water
reservoirs and ponds are owned by public local authorities, irrigation associations, the
State and private owners.
The Ministry of the Environment is responsible for the administrative supervision of
the natural waters and water reservoirs, while fish production issues are coordinated and
supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry.
Although the total area of ponds is considerable, fish production and the proportion
of high-value and low-value fish species remain well below expectations.
This present document provides an inventory of the physical, social, financial and
economic background of the fishery and aquaculture sector.
Zubcov, E., Curcubet, G., Biletchi, L., Domanciuc, V., Usatii, M., Barbaiani, L., Kovács,
É., Moth-Poulsen, T. & Woynarovich, A. 2013.
Review of fishery and aquaculture development potentials in the Republic of Moldova.
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/3. Rome, FAO. 93 pp.
vii
contents
Preparation of this document v
Abstract vi
Acknowledgements x
Executive summary xi
1. introduction 1
2. historical background of the fishery sector 3
3. actual and potential resources of fishery and aquaculture 7
3.1 PEOPlE 7
3.2 GEOGRAPhy ANd CliMAtE 7
3.3 AGRiCUltURE 9
3.4 WAtER REsOURCEs 12
3.5 FishEs OF thE REPUbliC OF MOldOvA 22
4. status of fisheries and aquaculture production 25
4.1 CAPtURE FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE 25
4.2 RECREAtiONAl FishERiEs 30
4.3 FACilitAtiNG iNdUstRy 30
5. status of processing and trade of fish and fishery products 31
5.1 Fish PROCEssiNG ANd stORAGE 31
5.2 distRibUtiON, MARkEtiNG ANd tRAdE OF Fish ANd
FishERy PROdUCts 31
5.3 Fish dEMANd ANd CONsUMPtiON 33
6. Governance and institutional frameworks of the fisheries and
aquaculture sector 35
6.1 AdMiNistRAtiON 35
6.2 EdUCAtiON, tRAiNiNG, ExtENsiON ANd REsEARCh 36
6.3 stAtistiCs 37
6.4 iNstitUtiONs 38
6.5 iNtERNAtiONAl COOPERAtiON iN FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE
dEvElOPMENt ANd MANAGEMENt 38
7. policies, regulatory and management frameworks in use 43
7.1 FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE POliCiEs ANd PlANNiNG 43
7.2 FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE lEGAl ANd
REGUlAtORy FRAMEWORk ANd MANAGEMENt 44
8. social and economic aspects of fisheries and aquaculture 45
8.1 FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE EMPlOyMENt 45
8.2 ECONOMiCs OF CAPtURE FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE 45
8.3 CREdit ANd iNvEstMENt iN FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE 46
8.4 ROlE OF FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE iN FOOd sECURity
ANd POvERty AllEviAtiON 46
viii
9. development potentials in the fishery and aquaculture sector 49
9.1 dEvElOPMENt POtENtiAls OF CAPtURE FishERiEs 49
9.2 dEvElOPMENt POtENtiAls OF AqUACUltURE 52
10. conclusions and recommendations 53
References 55
ANNEx 1 – GENERAl dAtA ON thE REPUbliC OF MOldOvA 57
ANNEx 2 – WAtER REsOURCE, Fish FARMs ANd Fish sPECiEs
OF thE REPUbliC OF MOldOvA 65
ANNEx 3 – ECONOMiC dAtA ON thE FishERiEs ANd AqUACUltURE
sECtOR OF thE REPUbliC OF MOldOvA 89
tables
1. introduction of new fish species in the aquaculture of the
Republic of Moldova (until 1991) 5
2. Population of the Republic of Moldova by area, sex and age group as of 1
January 2010 7
3. Geographical position of the Republic of Moldova 8
4. Air temperature on Moldovan territory 8
5. Precipitation on Moldovan territory 8
6. Available land by use in the Republic of Moldova as of 1 January 2010 9
7. structure of agricultural lands by ownership as of 1 January 2010 9
8. Agricultural production in the Republic of Moldova,
all categories of producers 11
9. summarized data of employment in the different agriculture sectors the
Republic of Moldova, 2009 11
10. Average annual water flow of major rivers in the black sea basin 13
11. Characteristics of main water reservoirs in the Republic of Moldova 13
12. quantitative composition of fish-breeding complexes of the Republic of
Moldova 15
13. list of fish-breeding and reproduction farms in the Republic of Moldova 21
14. Reproductive and fish-breeding indices of common carp strains
in the Republic of Moldova 27
15. External trade of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates
according to the Nomenclature of Goods, 2001–09 32
16. External trade of fish, crustaceans and molluscs according to the standard
international trade Classification, 2001–09 32
17. Main profitability indicators of economic units and their activities 48
18. Average price of fresh fish on local market in the Republic of Moldova 48
19. stocking of the Costesti-stanca reservoir 50
Contents ix
figures
1. Agricultural production in the Republic of Moldova,
by producer category as a percentage of total production 10
2. Water map of the Republic of Moldova 12
3. Geographical distribution by size of the most important
fish farms in the Republic of Moldova 15
4. Geographical distribution by production of the
most important fish farms in the Republic of Moldova 15
5. dynamics of sustainable growth of fish pond production
in the Republic of Moldova 26
6. Results of capture fisheries and aquaculture
in the Republic of Moldova, 2000–2011 32
7. Retail sale of fish, crustaceans and molluscs
in the Republic of Moldova, 2005–2010 33
8. development directions of the aquaculture sector
in the Republic of Moldova 43
9. Excess of wholesale and retail prices over cost 45
10. Fishing and fish culture enterprises that ended
2009 with financial losses 47
11. development of entrepreneurship activities
in the field of fishing and fish culture 47
12. Revenue from sales of fishing and fish culture enterprises in 2009 48
13. stocking of dubasari reservoir, 1998–2010 51
boxes
1. National breeds of common carp in the Republic of Moldova 4
2. black caviar and sturgeon production in the Republic of Moldova 38
x
acknowledgements
This review is based on the results obtained in the frame of a range of research projects
funded by SCSTD (projects No. 06.411.012F; 06.411.014A; 09.832.08.07A; 08.820-04-22
RF), CRDF and MRDA (projects No. MBI-3002; BPP -03-06).