Regional Trends in the Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian-Hercynian-Mauritanide Orogen

390 Pages·1983·20.93 MB·English

by  Richard T. Haworth (auth.)

Regional Trends in the Geology
of the Appalachian-Caledonian
Hercynian-Mauritanide Orogen
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemation of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
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C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster
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Materials Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York and Tokyo
Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences Vol. 116
Regional Trends in the Geology
of the Appalachian-Caledonian
Hercynian-Mauritanide Orogen
edited by
PaulE.Schenk
Department of Geology, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Associate editors
R. T. Haworth P. F. Williams
Geological Survey of Canada, Department of Geology,
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, University of New Brunswick,
Canada Fredericton, New Brunswick,
Canada
J. D. Keppie
G. Kelling
Nova Scotia Department of Mines and Energy,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Department of Geology,
University.of Keele,
W. E. Trzcienski Keele, England
Department of Geology,
University of Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
D. Reidel Publishing Company
Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceegings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Regional Trends in the Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian
Hercynian-Mauritanide Orogen
Atlantic Canada and Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
August 2-17, 1982
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Regional Trends in the Geology of the Appalachian
Caledonian-Hercyn ian-Mauritanide Orogen (1982 : Fredericton, N.B.)
Regional trends in the geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian-Hercynian
Mauritanide orogen.
(NATO ASI series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences; Vol. 116)
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Regional Trends in the
Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian-Hercynian-Mauritanide Orogen, held in
Fredericton, N.B., preceded by a pre-conference (10-day field excursion) across
southeastern Atlantic Canada.
Includes index.
1. Orogeny-North Atlantic Region-Congresses. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-
Paleozoic-Congresses. I. Schenk, Paul E., 1937- II. Title. III. Series.
QE621.5.N75N37 1982 551.7'2'091821 83-19113
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7241-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7239-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-7239-1
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company
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© 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1983
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
X~
1. GEOPHYSICS
HAWORTH, R. T.
Geophysics and Geological Correlation within the
Appalachian-Caledonide-Hercynian-Mauritanide
Orogens - An Introduction••..••..•• ....•...•.•...••.••.•
ROY, J. L., TANCZYK, E., and LAPOINTE, P.
The Paleomagnetic Record of the Appalachians..••••• •.••• 11
SEGUIN, M. K. and FYFFE, L. R.
Paleomagnetism of Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian
to Namurian) Volcanic Rocks of New Brunswick,
Canada, and its Tectonic Implications.•.•.•.....••.....• 27
MILLER, H. G.
Gravity and Magnetic Studies of Crustal Structure
in Newfoundland •...•••.•...•••.•.••..•••....•..•.•••••. 29
HOOD, P. J.
Compilation of Canadian Magnetic Anomaly Maps:
A Status Report......................................... 39
KANE, M. F.
Gravity Evidence of Crustal Structure in the United
States Appalachians..................................... 45
vi CONTENTS
WOLFF, F. C.
Crustal Structure of the Scandinavian Peninsula
as Deduced by Havelength Filtering of Gravity
Data............................... .............•...•. .. 55
ROUSSEL, J. and LECORCHE, J.-P.
Regional Gravity Trends Associated with the
Mauritanides Orogen (Hest Africa) •.......... 63
LEFORT, J. P. and KLITGORD, K. D.
Geophysical Evidence for the Existence of
Mauritanide Structures Beneath the U. S.
Atlantic Coastal Plain ....••......•......•....•...•..... 73
2. STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
POOLE, W. H., McKERROW, H. S., KELLING, G. and
SCHENK, P. E.
A Stratigraphic Sketch of the Caledonide
Appalachian-Hercynian Orogen............................ 75
GEE, D. G. and STURT, B. A.
Comments on the Stratigraphic/Structural
Evolution of Scandinavia ........•.....••..•.•..•.•...... 113
BEN SAID, H.
Comments on the Stratigraphic Evolution of
Morocco. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • .• I 17
SCHENK, P. E.
The Meguma Terrane of Nova Scotia, Canada -
an Aid in Trans-Atlantic Correlation .................•.. 121
SKEHAN, J. W. and RAST, N.
Relationship between Precambrian and Lower
Paleozoic Rocks of Southeastern New England and
other North Atlantic Avalonian Terrains ..•...•....•..••. 131
3. VOLCANISM AND PLUTONISM
STEPHENS, M. B., FURNES, H., ROBINS, B. and
STURT, B. A.
Volcanism and Plutonism in the Caledonides of
Scandinavia. . • • . • . • • • . . . . . • . . • . . . • . . . • • . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . .. 163
FRANCIS, E. H., KENNAN, P. S. and STILLMAN, C. J.
Volcanism and Plutonism in Britain and Ireland .•.•...... 167
CONTENTS vii
FYFFE, L. R., RANKIN, D., SIZE, W. B. and
WONES, D. R.
Volcanism and Plutonism in the Appalachian
Orogen. . .•••••••• . . . ••••. . •• . .•• . • •. . . . . ••• .• . . . . .•• .. •• 173
CABANIS, B.
Main Features of Volcanism and Plutonism in Late
Proterozoic and Dinantian Times in France ..•.......•.... 187
4. METAMORPHISM
BRYHNI, I.
Regional Overview of Metamorphism in the
Scandinavian Caledonides .•... ...•..•...............••.•. 193
FETTES, D. J.
Metamorphism in the British Caledonides ....•...........• 205
LONG, C. B., MAX, M. D., and YARDLEY, B. W. D.
Compilation Caledonian Metamorphic Map of
Ireland •....................•.•..•....................•• 221
GUIDOTTI, C. V., TRZCIENSKI, W. E. and
HOLDAWAY, M.· J.
A Northern Appalachian Metamorphic Transect -
Eastern Townships, Quebec Maine Coast to the
Central Maine Coast ...................................... 235
ROBINSON, P.
Realms of Regional Metamorphism in Southern New
England, with Emphasis on the Eastern Acadian
Me tamorphic High........................................ 249
FISHER, G. W.
Metamorphism in the U. S. Appalachians--Overview
and Implications ..•..••.•••.•........•...••.•..•........ 259
SANTALLIER, D. S.
Main Metamorphic Features of the Paleozoic Orogen
in France............................................... 263
5. DEFORMATION
KEPPlE, J. D., GEE, D. G., ROBERTS, D., pm.JELL,
D., MAX, M. D., OSBERG, P., PIQUE, A. and
LECORCHE, J. P.
Proceedings of the Deformation Study Group,
Caledonide Orogen Project ...•.•. .•••...••.•.••.•..•..•.. 275
viii CONTENTS
GEE, D. G. and ROBERTS, D.
Timing of Deformation in the Scandinavian
Caledonides .......•......•...........................•.. 279
POWELL, D.
Time of Deformation in the British Caledonides .........• 293
MAX, M. D.
Deformation ~n the Irish Caledonides .................... 301
KEPPlE, J. D., ST. JULIEN, P., HUBERT, C., BELAND,
J., SKIDMORE, B., FYFFE, L. R., RUITENBERG, A. A.,
McCUTCHEON, S. R., WILLIAMS, H., and BURSNALL, J.
Times of Deformation in the Canadian Appalachians ..•...• 307
OSBERG, P. H.
Timing of Orogenic Events in the U. S.
Appalachians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315
PIQUE, A.
Structural Domains of the Hercynian Belt in
Morocco. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 339
LECORCHE, J.-P.
Structure of the Mauritanides ....................... .... 347
6. SYMPOSIUM
KENNAN, P. S. and KENNEDY, M. J.
Coticules - A Key to Correlation Along the
Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen? •.•...................... 355
RUITENBERG, A. A. and FYFFE, L. R.
Metallic Mineral Zonation Related to Tectonic
Evolution of the New Brunswick Appalachians .....•....... 363
COLMAN-SAAD, S. P.
Evidence for the Allochthonous Nature of the
Dunnage Zone in Central Newfoundland .................... 375
WILLIAMS, P. F., KARL STROM , K. E. and
VAN DER PLUIJM, B.
Thrusting in the New World Island - Hamilton
Sound Area of Newfoundland •...•..•...•.........•........ 377
CONTENTS ix
OSMASTON, H. F.
Plate Kinematic Origins of Carboniferous and
Offshore Basins of Eastern Canada, with
Implications for Taconian and Later Hotions ...... ....••. 379
CHORLTON, L.
Early Paleozoic Tectonic Development of South-
wes tern Newfoundland...................... . . . • . . . . • . . . .. 381
7. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 383
8. SUBJECT INDEX 391
PREFACE
The classical Appalachian, Caledonian, Hercynian, and
Mauritanide orogens are now only segments of a once-continuous
Paleozoic mountain belt which has been fragmented during
Mesozoic-Cenozoic formation of the North Atlantic Ocean. These
segments are major parts of the countries surrounding the North
Atlantic - most of which are members of NATO. The aim of this
NATO conference was to evaluate these fragments in terms of
their pre-Mesozoic positions, and to attempt a synthesis of
their geologic evolution on an international and orogen-wide
scale.
Geologists who have studied these scattered remnants have
been separated by both geography and discipline. Orogen-wide
syntheses have beeen attempted in the past by individuals who
are specialists not only in discipline but also in geography;
therefore, these attempts have not been satisfactory to everyone.
This conference brought together the foremost specialists in
different disciplines from each country. They attempted to
teach other specialists, not only in their own fields, but in
other disciplines, about regional variations and particular
problems. The resulting international cross-fertilization, both
within and between speciaLties, enriched individual workers and
helped to provide a multi-disciplinary overview of the orogen.
The gathering included specialists in plutonics, volcanics,
metamorphism, deformation, sedimentology/stratigraphy,
paleontology, basement relations, and geophysics. Participants
came from Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Spain,
Morocco, the United States, and Canada. In this way, a volcano
logist working in Portugal (for example) saw his/her own geolog
ical problem place into its context both within the entire,
continuous orogen as well as amongst other disciplines of Earth
Science.
Regional trends along the Orogen were shown by special
geological maps. Many of the participants were members of
Project 27 - "The Caledonide Orogen" - of the International
Geological Correlation Programme. In preparation, compilation
maps by discipline had been prepared at the same scale and
legend for national segments of the Orogen. These were
assembled, discussed, and corrected at the meeting. In most
xi
P. E. Schenk (ed.),
Regional Trends in the Geology of the Appa/achian-Caledonian-Hercynian-Mauritanide Orogen, xi-xiii.
© 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.