RECOGNITION OF THREE TAXA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN 'WALDSTEINIA' AND THEIR APPROPRIATE NAMES WHEN INCORPORATED INTO GEUM (COLURIEAE: ROSACEAE)

2008·6 MB·English

by  Alan S Weakley

RECOGNITION OF THREE TAXA OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN
WHEN
AND
NAMES
"WALDSTEINIA" THEIR APPROPRIATE
GEUM
INCORPORATED
INTO
ROSACEAE)
(COLURIEAE:
Alan Weakley Kanchi Gandhi
N.
S.
of North Herbarium (NCU) Harvard
University Caroline University Herbaria (GH)
Carolina Botanical Garden, UNC-Chapel 22 Avenue
'orth Divinity
Hill
Campus
Box 3280
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02
138-2094,
U.S.A.
Chapel North Carolina 27599-3280, [email protected]
U.S.A.
Hill,
Recent investigations in the taxonomy of tribe Colurieae Rydberg of the Rosaceae have led the conclu-
to
embedded Geum
sion that Waldsteinia phylogenetically within and should be combined with
Tratt. is L.
it
(Smedmark Smedmark Smedmark Smedmark
and and
2006). Eriksson
(2006), et (2003), (2002) presented
al.
strong evidence that Waldsteinia involved in ancient allopolyploidization from which parts of Geum have
is
and
arisen, they argue that the most reasonable circumscription of the genus include the perennial
to
is all
herbs Geinae
of involved in the reticulate evolution. Morphologically, Waldsteinia comfortably congruent
is
within a broadly defined Geum, differing only in the dehiscent base; and Geum narrower
style at its (in a
wide
sense) already includes a diversity of style morphologies, apparently adaptations to a variety of pol-
and
mechanisms.
lination dispersal
Most North American
workers have accepted three taxa of Waldsteinia for eastern North America: Taxon
A
sensu northern with Taxon B
("fragarioides" stricto), a larger-petaled entity trifoliolate leaves;
Cparviflora"
C
or "doniana"), a southern smaller-petaled entity with trifoliolate leaves; and Taxon ("ktea"), a Southern
A
Appalachian endemic with and
small than
petals lobed, rather leaves (Table notable excep-
trifoliolate,
1).
A
Taxon and Taxon B some
tion to the acceptance of as distinct formal taxonomic the treatment
at level is of
A
Radford which lumps Taxa and B and mention
et (1968), does not W. reported the Carolinas
lobata, for
al.
by Smedmark made Geum
Taxon
earlier authors. (2006) transfers into of Waldsteinia species, but regarded
A
synonym
B Taxon
as a of (without explanation, but perhaps because of the nomenclatural and taxonomic
name
confusion discussed below), leaving without Geum.
a in
it
Although been
their acceptance as taxa has nearly universal, the appropriate taxonomic which
level
at
recognize remained and
to these entities (species, subspecies, or variety) has controversial variable (Table
1).
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2(1)
Taxon doniana/parviflora
B:
1£S£££
(1898)
-nail
midl
/dberg
(1913)
Waldsteinia fragarioides
nail (1933)
-rnald (1950)
parvif
Waldsteinia fragarioides ssp.
fragarioides
Waldsteinia fragar oides
adford,Ahles,&E
(1968)
ell
eason&Cronquist(l991) Waldsteinia fragarioides
var.
parvif
donia
Smedmark(2006)
don
Waldsteinia
North America.
A review and specimens reveals that three taxa should be recognized in eastern
of literature
and
Habitally quite similar, the three taxa differ from one another in details of leaf lobing/division petal size,
Though
imperfect
with coherent geographic distributions.
combination characters strongly correlated
the of
may seem be no nor
herbarium specimens be interpret, there to true intermediates, is their clinal
difficult to
Geum with
group" morphologically conservative, rela-
variation in petal Moreover, the "Waldsteinia of is
size.
American
North
on continents (such as the
minor morphological characters separating taxa different
tively
Smedmark. morphological relationships
Indeed, the
and Eurasian ternatum (Stephan)
the G.
G. fragarioides
more
phylogenetically
make Taxon B problematic lobing the
leaf
of the three taxa the closer affinity of (if is
then Taxon B may be more closely related to Taxon A, but lacking molecular data it is
revealing character,
C
more
and B and
more taxa are closely
phylogenetically revealing,
the characters are
plausible that floral
we
with Phipps the
For these reasons, agree (in prep.) that
forming southern, small-petaled
clade).
related, a
North America
taxonomic treatment of the "Waldsteinia group" in eastern
current (and conservative)
best
basionym
appropriate ('doniana'
been with disagreement the
Nomenclature has contentious, as to
also
apply Taxon B (Table Fernald (1935) believed that the application of the epithet 'do-
or 'parviflora') to to
1).
me
He
"seems
the small-petaled southern taxa was a misapplication. argued that the type plate to
niana' to
become
unwonted exaggeratedly
garden-development which, presumably through nutrition, the sepals
in
a
Teppner convincingly argued the op-
W. (1968)
remaining
the petals fairly typical for fragarioides?
large,
shown and and primary
and described, this
posite case, that the relative size of the sepals petals are clearly
A
between the two taxa should be taken at face value. review of the description
diagnostic characteristic
basionym
making
and (which serves the type) confirms Teppner's opinion, 'doniana' the correct for
plate as
The Sims
(on
the southern taxon, should be recognized taxonomically at the specific level. plate in (1813)
it
shows with
which name based) resembles Taxon B closely and obviously, in that a plant
Trattinick's it
is
both Sims and
Trattin-
petals shorter than the sepals, a characteristic that is also stated in the text of (1813)
The provenance of the plant illustrated (Sims
stated
or diagnostic characteristic.
ick (1823) as a distinctive
from which our drawing and description were taken, was brought
1813) pertinent, as well: "the plant,
is
whom
was
by kindly
from America, by Mr. Lyons and purchased at his sale, by Mr. Kent, of Clapton, it
[sic]
,
&
communicated Ewan Ewan (1963) show that John Lyon listed this plant in a catalogue in 1812 (as
to us:'
7
and
Weakley Gandhi, Nomenclature and taxonomic history of Waldesteinia 41
and
Dalibarda fragarioides), also listed Mr. William Kent as having purchased plants for 14 £, 18 sh. in 1812.
Presumably the plant illustrated the following year was in this Though the location from which Lyon
lot.
collected the plant cannot apparently be definitely known, the identification of John Lyon as the source of
and Lyon
the plant illustrated described of interest, since collected extensively within the southeastern
is
United range Taxon seems and
States of the small-petaled Thus, very plausible that the plant described
B.
it
named
by and and by
figured as Waldsteinia fragarioides Sims, later described Trattinick as the distinct W.
what
appears
doniana, exactly
is to be.
it
Based on our review taxonomic taxonomic
of generic circumscription, appropriate
distinctiveness,
and we Geum
rank, nomenclature, hereby effect the transfer of "Taxon B" to at the rank of species:
&
Geum
donianum
Weakley Gandhi, comb, nov Trm.^oszceammMonogmphti
(Tratt.) Waldsttinia doniana 3:109. 1823.
and NC) lobatum Smedmark
SC, sw. G. (Baldw.)
Leaves trfoliolate (fully dividec; nally lobed; petals shorter than to longer than the
1
.
mm mm
2. Petals 2.2-4 long (shorter then to about as long as the sepals), -1 .5 wide; terminal leaflet with a
1
mm
-6 60-90°
olule long, the basal angle of the leaflet acute, mostly (avg. 75°); [distributed
1
donianum
the Southern Appalachians and adjacent Piedmont of AL, GA, NC, SC, andTN] G.
in KY,
&
Weakley Gandhi
(Tratt.)
mm mm mm
4-1 2-6
2. Petals (longer than the sepals), wide; terminal leaflet sessile or with a petiolule to 3
05°
long, the basal angle of the leaflet about a right angle, mostly 75-1 (avg. 90°); [widely distributed
northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, south to VA, and AR] G. fragarioides
KY,
Smedmark
(Michx.)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We
comments
appreciate the helpful and suggestions of Herwig Teppner, Luc Jim Phipps, and an
Brouillet,
A
anonymous
was examined
specimens
reviewer. representative suite of of the taxa involved the University
at
We
North Herbarium
Carolina (NCU). acknowledge
of also gratefully the online availability of botanical
research resources botanicus.org (Missouri Botanical Garden), Google Book Search, and Harvard Uni-
at
which
versity, greatly facilitated this research.
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