Table Of ContentGreen Energy and Technology
Zhengcheng Zhang
Sheng Shui Zhang Editors
Rechargeable
Batteries
Materials, Technologies and New Trends
Green Energy and Technology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059
Zhengcheng Zhang Sheng Shui Zhang
(cid:129)
Editors
Rechargeable Batteries
Materials, Technologies and New Trends
123
Editors
ZhengchengZhang ShengShuiZhang
Chemical Sciences andEngineering SensorsandElectron DevicesDirectorate
Division U.S. ArmyResearch Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory Adelphi, MD
Lemont, IL USA
USA
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)
Green Energy andTechnology
ISBN978-3-319-15457-2 ISBN978-3-319-15458-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015939668
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Preface
Rechargeable batteries are devices that reversibly convert electrical energy into
chemical energy and store resulting chemical energy in the unit. In the past two
decades, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been most rapidly developed and
widely used in numbers of mobile consumer electronics, such as cellular phones,
cameras, laptops, tablets, and power tools, due to their high energy density, high
power capacity, and robust performance. Further developments of the Li-ion bat-
teriesareaimedatapplicationsintheelectrictransportationsandstationarygridsfor
the effective harvest of renewable solar and wind power, which raise grand chal-
lengesintheperformanceandcostofthebatteries.Theperformancesaretypically
qualified by the energy density, powder capability, cycle life and safety, and the
cost by the price of battery materials and engineering. In order to meet the energy
and power requirements of these applications, many single cells are electrically
connected into modules that are subsequently integrated into a battery pack.
Therefore, the challenges are remained not only for the materials and process of
single cells but also for the designs and engineering of battery packs. The Li-ion
batteries store electrochemical energy through the reversible intercalation and
deintercalation of Li+ ions with a lithiated transitional metal oxide as the cathode
material and natural or synthetic graphite as the anode material. The capacities
oftheseLi+-ionintercalationmaterialsarelimitedbytheircrystallographicstructure
and the present technology has approached to the theoretical values. While
acceptable for the applications in mobile consumer electronics, the relatively high
cost and limited earth abundance of the transitional metals used in the Li+-ion
cathode materials become grand challenges for the transportation and stationary
applications.Inordertoovercomethechallengesoftheperformanceandcost,new
materials and concepts are necessary for the development and commercialization
of the next generation rechargeable batteries.
The performance enhancement is realized generally by improving the battery
materials and design, including the cathode, anode, and electrolyte/separator, and
thecostreductionbyselectingthelow-costrawmaterialsandprocess.Inresponse
to the increased demands for the transportation and stationary applications, this
bookisdesignedtoupdatethelatestadvancementsintheresearchanddevelopment
v
vi Preface
of rechargeable batteries with focus on the materials and technologies for the
synthesis and characterization of battery materials, as well as the diagnosis and
analysis of single cells and battery packs. According to the battery reactions, this
book is composed of Chaps. 1–17 covering the new materials and technologies in
lithium-ion battery and Chaps. 18–24 covering the new developments and new
trend in the battery systems beyond lithium-ion including lithium-sulfur battery,
metal-air battery, magnesium battery, sodium-ion battery and redox flow battery.
This book is contributed by a group of leading scientists, engineers, and pro-
fessors,whoaredirectlyworkingonthesubjectedareas.Webelievethatthisbook
is extremely useful for the researchers who work in the conversion and storage of
electrochemical energy, and also serves an excellent textbook or reference for the
college/university undergraduates and graduates who are interested in the areas of
materials, energy, and electrochemistry in relation to the electrochemical energy
storage.
We gratefully acknowledge all chapter authors for their enthusiastic and col-
laborative contributions. We also wish to thank Ms. Garrett Ziolek, the editorial
assistant of Springer, for her guidance and support in preparing this book. Finally,
wegiveourdeepestappreciationtoourfamiliesfortheircontinuoussupportwhile
we were working on this book.
Zhengcheng Zhang
Sheng Shui Zhang
Contents
Challenges of Key Materials for Rechargeable Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Zhengcheng Zhang and Sheng Shui Zhang
Olivine-Based Cathode Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Karim Zaghib, Alain Mauger and Christian M. Julien
Layered and Spinel Structural Cathodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Ying Chun Lyu, Jie Huang and Hong Li
Polyanion Compounds as Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries . . . . 93
X.B. Wu, X.H. Wu, J.H. Guo, S.D. Li, R. Liu, M.J. McDonald
and Y. Yang
Carbonaceous Anode Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Yoong Ahm Kim, Yong Jung Kim and Morinobu Endo
Lithium Titanate-Based Anode Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Hailei Zhao
Alloy-Based Anode Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
D. Pribat
Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Libo Hu, Sheng Shui Zhang and Zhengcheng Zhang
Additives for Functional Electrolytes of Li-Ion Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Libo Hu, Adam Tornheim, Sheng Shui Zhang and Zhengcheng Zhang
vii
viii Contents
Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
K. Tsunashima
Solid-State Lithium Ion Electrolytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
C. Tealdi, E. Quartarone and P. Mustarelli
Manufacture and Surface Modification of Polyolefin Separator. . . . . . 337
Zheng Xue, Zhengcheng Zhang and Sheng Shui Zhang
Microstructurally Composed Nanoparticle Assemblies
as Electroactive Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes. . . . . . . 353
Evan Uchaker and Guozhong Cao
2D and 3D Imaging of Li-Ion Battery Materials
Using Synchrotron Radiation Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Ulrike Boesenberg and Ursula E.A. Fittschen
Hazard Characterizations of Li-Ion Batteries:
Thermal Runaway Evaluation by Calorimetry Methodology . . . . . . . . 419
Yih-Wen Wang and Chi-Min Shu
Li-Ion Battery Pack and Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Michael S. Mazzola and Masood Shahverdi
High Voltage Cathode Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Christian M. Julien, Alain Mauger, Karim Zaghib and Dong Liu
Non-aqueous Metal–Oxygen Batteries: Past, Present, and Future. . . . . 511
Maxwell D. Radin and Donald J. Siegel
Oxygen Redox Catalyst for Rechargeable Lithium-Air Battery . . . . . . 541
Sheng Shui Zhang and Zhengcheng Zhang
Aqueous Lithium-Air Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
O. Yamamoto and N. Imanishi
Lithium-Sulfur Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Shuli Li and Zhan Lin
Why Grignard’s Century Old Nobel Prize Should Spark
Your Curiosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Claudiu B. Bucur, Thomas Gregory and John Muldoon
Contents ix
Organic Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Ruiguo Cao, Jiangfeng Qian, Ji-Guang Zhang and Wu Xu
Recent Developments and Trends in Redox Flow Batteries . . . . . . . . . 673
Liang Su, Jeffrey A. Kowalski, Kyler J. Carroll and Fikile R. Brushett
