Radiation damage in biomolecular systems

507 Pages·2012·9.71 MB·English

by  Léon Sanche (auth.)

biological and medical physics,
biomedical engineering
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biological and medical physics,
biomedical engineering
Thefieldsofbiologicalandmedicalphysicsandbiomedicalengineeringarebroad,multidisciplinaryand
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Editor-in-Chief:
EliasGreenbaum,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,OakRidge,Tennessee,USA
EditorialBoard:
MasuoAizawa,DepartmentofBioengineering, MarkS.Humayun,DohenyEyeInstitute,
TokyoInstituteofTechnology,Yokohama,Japan LosAngeles,California,USA
OlafS.Andersen,DepartmentofPhysiology, PierreJoliot,InstitutedeBiologie
Biophysics&MolecularMedicine, Physico-Chimique,FondationEdmond
CornellUniversity,NewYork,USA deRothschild,Paris,France
RobertH.Austin,DepartmentofPhysics, LajosKeszthelyi,InstituteofBiophysics,Hungarian
PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NewJersey,USA AcademyofSciences,Szeged,Hungary
JamesBarber,DepartmentofBiochemistry, RobertS.Knox,DepartmentofPhysics
ImperialCollegeofScience,Technology andAstronomy,UniversityofRochester,Rochester,
andMedicine,London,England NewYork,USA
HowardC.Berg,DepartmentofMolecular AaronLewis,DepartmentofAppliedPhysics,
andCellularBiology,HarvardUniversity, HebrewUniversity,Jerusalem,Israel
Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA StuartM.Lindsay,DepartmentofPhysics
VictorBloomfield,DepartmentofBiochemistry, andAstronomy,ArizonaStateUniversity,
UniversityofMinnesota,St.Paul,Minnesota,USA Tempe,Arizona,USA
RobertCallender,DepartmentofBiochemistry, DavidMauzerall,RockefellerUniversity,
AlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine, NewYork,NewYork,USA
Bronx,NewYork,USA EugenieV.Mielczarek,DepartmentofPhysics
StevenChu,LawrenceBerkeleyNational andAstronomy,GeorgeMasonUniversity,Fairfax,
Laboratory,Berkeley,California,USA Virginia,USA
LouisJ.DeFelice,DepartmentofPharmacology, MarkolfNiemz,MedicalFacultyMannheim,
VanderbiltUniversity,Nashville,Tennessee,USA UniversityofHeidelberg,Mannheim,Germany
JohannDeisenhofer,HowardHughesMedical V.AdrianParsegian,PhysicalScienceLaboratory,
Institute,TheUniversityofTexas,Dallas, NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,
Texas,USA Maryland,USA
GeorgeFeher,DepartmentofPhysics, LindaS.Powers,UniversityofArizona,
UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,LaJolla, Tucson,Arizona,USA
California,USA EarlW.Prohofsky,DepartmentofPhysics,
HansFrauenfelder, PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA
LosAlamosNationalLaboratory, AndrewRubin,DepartmentofBiophysics,Moscow
LosAlamos,NewMexico,USA StateUniversity,Moscow,Russia
IvarGiaever,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,
MichaelSeibert,NationalRenewableEnergy
Troy,NewYork,USA
Laboratory,Golden,Colorado,USA
SolM.Gruner,CornellUniversity,
DavidThomas,DepartmentofBiochemistry,
Ithaca,NewYork,USA
UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,
JudithHerzfeld,DepartmentofChemistry, Minneapolis,Minnesota,USA
BrandeisUniversity,Waltham,Massachusetts,USA
Gustavo Garc´ıa Go´mez-Tejedor
Martina Christina Fuss
Editors
Radiation Damage
in Biomolecular
Systems
With137Figures
123
Editors
Prof.GustavoGarc´ıaGo´mez-Tejedor Dr.MartinaChristinaFuss
InstitutodeF´ısicaFundamental InstitutodeF´ısicaFundamental
ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigaciones ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigaciones
Cient´ıficas Cient´ıficas
Serrano113-bis Serrano113-bis
28006Madrid 28006Madrid
Spain Spain
[email protected] [email protected]
ISSN1618-7210
ISBN978-94-007-2563-8 e-ISBN978-94-007-2564-5
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-2564-5
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011943891
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2012
Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby
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Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Contents
Preface............................................................................. ix
Acronyms ......................................................................... xi
PartI RadiationInducedDamageattheMolecularLevel
1 NanoscaleDynamicsofRadiosensitivity:RoleofLow
EnergyElectrons............................................................ 3
Le´onSanche
2 TheRoleofSecondaryElectronsinRadiationDamage ............... 45
StephanDenifl,TilmannD.Ma¨rk,andPaulScheier
3 Electron Transfer-Induced Fragmentation
in(Bio)MoleculesbyAtom-MoleculeCollisions ........................ 59
PauloLima˜o-Vieira,FilipeFerreiradaSilva,
andGustavoGarc´ıaGo´mez-Tejedor
4 FollowingResonantCompoundStatesafterElectronAttachment... 71
AnaG.Sanz,FrancescoSebastianelli,
andFrancescoA.Gianturco
5 Electron–BiomoleculeCollisionStudiesUsing
theSchwingerMultichannelMethod..................................... 87
CarlWinsteadandVincentMcKoy
6 ResonancesinElectronCollisionswithSmallBiomolecules
UsingtheR-MatrixMethod............................................... 115
LiliannaBryjko,AmarDora,TanjavanMourik,
andJonathanTennyson
7 AMultiple-ScatteringApproachtoElectronCollisions
withSmallMolecularClusters............................................ 127
JimenaD.GorfinkielandStefanoCaprasecca
v
vi Contents
8 PositroniumFormationandScatteringfromBiologically
RelevantMolecules......................................................... 143
G.Laricchia,D.A.Cooke,andS.J.Brawley
9 TotalCrossSectionsforPositronScatteringfromBio-Molecules..... 155
LucaChiari,MichaelJ.Brunger,andAntonioZecca
10 SoftX-rayInteractionwithOrganicMolecules
ofBiologicalInterest ....................................................... 165
P.Bolognesi,P.O’Keeffe,andL.Avaldi
11 Ion-InducedRadiationDamageinBiomolecularSystems............. 177
ThomasSchlatho¨lter
12 Theory and Calculationof Stopping Cross Sections
ofNucleobasesforSwiftIons.............................................. 191
StephanP.A.Sauer,JensOddershede,andJohnR.Sabin
PartII ModellingRadiationDamage
13 MonteCarloMethodstoModelRadiationInteractions
andInducedDamage....................................................... 203
AntonioMun˜oz,MartinaC. Fuss, M.A.Corte´s-Giraldo,
Se´bastienIncerti,VladimirIvanchenko,AntonIvanchenko,
J.M. Quesada, Francesc Salvat, Christophe Champion,
andGustavoGarc´ıaGo´mez-Tejedor
14 PositronandElectronInteractionsandTransport
inBiologicalMedia......................................................... 227
Ronald White, James Sullivan, Ana Bankovic, Sasa
Dujko,RobertRobson,ZoranLj.Petrovic,GustavoGarc´ıa
Go´mez-Tejedor,MichaelBrunger,andStephenBuckman
15 Energy Loss of Swift ProtonsinLiquid Water:Role
ofOpticalDataInputandExtensionAlgorithms....................... 239
Rafael Garcia-Molina,Isabel Abril, Ioanna Kyriakou,
andDimitrisEmfietzoglou
16 Quantum-Mechanical Contributions to Numerical
SimulationsofChargedParticleTransportattheDNAScale......... 263
ChristopheChampion,MarielE.Galassi,PhilippeF.Weck,
OmarFojo´n,JocelynHanssen,andRobertoD.Rivarola
17 MultiscaleApproachtoRadiationDamageInducedbyIons.......... 291
AndreyV.Solov’yovandEugeneSurdutovich
18 Track-Structure Monte Carlo Modelling in X-ray
andMegavoltagePhotonRadiotherapy.................................. 301
RichardP.Hugtenburg
Contents vii
19 SimulationofMedicalLinearAcceleratorswithPENELOPE.......... 313
LorenzoBrualla
PartIII BiomedicalAspectsofRadiationEffects
20 RepairofDNADouble-StrandBreaks................................... 329
MartinFalk,EmilieLukasova,andStanislavKozubek
21 DifferentiallyExpressedGenesAssociated
withLow-DoseGammaRadiation........................................ 359
HargitaHegyesi,NikolettSa´ndor,Bogla´rkaSchilling,
Eniko˝ Kis,KatalinLumniczky,andGe´zaSa´fra´ny
22 ChromosomeAberrationsbyHeavyIons................................ 371
FrancescaBallariniandAndreaOttolenghi
23 SpatialandTemporalAspectsofRadiationResponse
inCellandTissueModels.................................................. 385
KevinM.PriseandGiuseppeSchettino
24 TherapeuticApplicationsofIonizingRadiations....................... 397
Mar´ıaElenaSa´nchez-Santos
25 Optimized Molecular Imaging through Magnetic
ResonanceforImprovedTargetDefinitioninRadiationOncology... 411
DzˇevadBelkic´ andKarenBelkic´
PartIV Future Trends in Radiation Research
anditsApplications
26 MedicalApplicationsofSynchrotronRadiation........................ 433
YolandaPrezado,ImmaculadaMart´ınez-Rovira,andtheID17
BiomedicalBeamline(ESRF)
27 PhotodynamicTherapy.................................................... 445
Sla´vkaKasˇcˇa´kova´,AlexandreGiuliani,Fre´de´ricJamme,
andMatthieuRefregiers
28 AugerEmittingRadiopharmaceuticalsforCancerTherapy.......... 461
NadiaFalzone,BartCornelissen,andKatherineA.Vallis
29 UsingaMatrixApproachinNonlinearBeamDynamics
forOptimizingBeamSpotSize ........................................... 479
AlexanderDymnikovandGaryGlass
30 FutureParticleAcceleratorDevelopmentsforRadiationTherapy... 491
MichaelH.HolzscheiterandNielsBassler
Index............................................................................... 507

Preface
Sincethediscoveryofx-raysandradioactivity,ionizingradiationshavebeenwidely
applied in medicine both for diagnostic and therapy purposes. Risks associated
to radiation exposure and handling led to a parallel development of the radiation
protection area. For years, macroscopic magnitudes as the absorbed dose, or the
energy deposited along radiation tracks, have been used in those applications to
quantify radiation effects. Although this approach can be appropriate for high
radiation fluxes it does not give information about low dose stochastic effects
or radiation damage induced relatively distant from the irradiated regions. This
motivatedsystematicstudiesofradiationdamageatthemolecularlevel.Pioneering
experiments done by Sanche and co-workers in 2000 showed that low energy
secondary electrons, which are abundantly generated along radiation tracks, are
the main responsible for radiation damage through successive interactions with
the molecular constituents of the medium. Apart from ionizing processes, which
are customary related to radiation damage, below the ionization level low energy
electronscaninducemolecularfragmentationviadissociativeprocessesasinternal
excitation and electron attachment. These ideas prompted collaborative projects
between different research groups from European countries together with other
specialistsfromCanada,USAandAustralia.
This book is intended to summarize some of the advances achieved by these
research groups after more than ten years of studies on radiation damage in
biomolecularsystems.
Anextensivefirstpartdealswithrecentexperimentalandtheoreticalfindingson
radiationinduceddamageonthemolecularlevel.Satisfyingtheirbroadimportance
as secondary particles in radiation-matter interactions, it includes many contri-
butions on electron and positron collisions with biologically relevant molecules
(water, nucleobasesand other DNA/RNA building blocks, amino acids, and other
polyatomicmoleculesofbiologicalinterest).Following,X-rayandioninteractions
arecovered.
Part II addresses different approaches to radiation damage modelling. After a
generaloverviewof MonteCarlomethods,chaptercontentsfeaturesome detailed
accountsofmostlytheoreticaleffortstoobtainthenecessaryinputdataonpositron,
ix
x Preface
electron,proton,andiontransportinwaterandDNAcomponentsandtheresulting
simulations. Closing this part, a sophisticated application in clinical context is
presented.
In thethirdpart,biomedicalaspectsofradiationeffectsare treatedondifferent
scales. After an introductoryreview on DNA damagerepair,radiation-inducedal-
terationsingenes,chromosomes,cellsandtissues,and,finally,thewholeorganism
level (radiotherapy) are described. After the rather physics-oriented focus of the
previousparts,thegradualtransitiontobiologyandmedicinewithgrowingsizeof
theobjectstudiedishereillustrated.
Finally, Part IV is dedicated to current trends/novel techniques in radiation
research and the applications hence arising. It includes new developments in
radiotherapy and related cancer therapies as well as technical optimizations of
acceleratorsandtotallynewequipmentdesigns,givingaglimpseofthenearfuture
ofradiation-basedmedicaltreatments.
We acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´n (Project
FIS 2009-08246), Universidad Nacional de Educacio´n a Distancia and Consejo
SuperiordeInvestigacionesCient´ıficasfortheirfinancialsupportformeetingsand
discussionswhichmotivatedthisbook.
Madrid GustavoGarc´ıaGo´mez-Tejedor
MartinaChristinaFuss