Table Of ContentNAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH RI.
NISTSP 838-13
AlllDS 3SS01D
Summaries 1997
Project
4
k
U.S. Department
Commerce
of
Technology
^^ministration
QC
National Institute
100
of Standards and
.U57 Technology
NO. 838-1
1997
Project
Summaries 1997
NISTSP 838-13
NIST
&
Building
Fire
Researcli
Laiioratory
Noel Raufaste
J.
November 997
1
U.S. Department
Commerce
of
William M. Daley, Secretary
Technology
Administration
Gary R. Bachula
Under Secretary forTechnology
National Institute
of Standards and
Technology
Raymond G. Kammer, Director
National Institute of Standards U.S. Government Printing Office For sale by the Superintendent
and Teclinology Washington: 1997 of Documents
Special Publication 838-13 U.S. Government Printing Office
Natl. Inst. Stand.Technol. Washington, DC 20402
Spec. Publ. 838-13
219 pages (Nov. 1997)
CODEN: NSPUE2
FOREWORD R&D
construction-related to enhance the
competitiveness of U.S. industry, public
The National Institute of Standards and and worker safety, and environmental
Technology's (NIST), Building and Fire quality. BFRL is a co-chair of this 14
Research Laboratory (BFRL) is one of Federal agency body. During the past 3
C&B
NIST's seven Laboratories. The mission years, has had major interactions
of BFRL is to enhance the with construction industry leaders;
competitiveness of U.S. industry and together they have defined the NCGs.
public safety by developing performance The goals are to provide cost-effective
prediction methods, measurement technologies and practices by 2003 that
technologies, and technical advances will achieve the following improvements
needed to assure improvement of the life in the life cycle performance of
cycle quality and economy of constructed constructed facilities over average 1994
facilities. Constructed facilities include practices:
all buildings and their furnishings and the o 50 percent reduction in delivery
public and private utilities and public time.
works that support business, commerce, o 50 percent reduction in operation,
industry, and homes. BFRL's efforts are maintenance, and energy costs.
closely coordinated with complementary o 30 percent increase in
activities of industry, professional and productivity and comfort.
trade organizations, academe, and other o 50 percent fewer occupancy-
agencies of government. related illnesses and injuries.
o 50 percent less waste and
Construction is one of the Nation's pollution.
largest industries. In 1996, new o 50 percent more durability and
construction amounted to $569 billion; flexibility.
with renovation added, the total volume o 50 percent fewer construction
of construction was about $900 billion, illnesses and injuries.
which is 12 percent of U.S. GDP. U.S.
construction accounts for more than six In 1996 groups of industry leaders
million jobs. More than 60 percent of representing the residential, industrial,
the nation's wealth is invested in public works, and
constructed facilities. Since constructed commercial/institutional sectors
facilities shelter and support human developed industry strategic plans for
activities, their quality and economy is achieving the National Construction
vital to the competitiveness of all Goals in cooperation with Federal
industry and the quality of life of its agencies. These industry plans and direct
discussions with industry leaders have
citizens.
helped to the direction of BFRL research.
BFRL's research is focused and linked
with collaborative private- and public- This annual report. Project Summaries
sector activities to help achieve the 1997, presents BFRL's research during
National Construction Goals (NCGs) 1997. BFRL focuses its research in three
developed with industry by President principal thrusts:
Clinton's National Science and 1 High Performance Construction
.
Technology Council's Subcommittee on Materials and Systems,
Construction and Building (CSdB). This 2. Automation in Construction and
Subcommittee coordinates the federal Constructed Facilities,
iii
3. Loss Reduction. accuracy of computer-based predictive
fire models.
In high performance construction
materials and systems, BFRL's projects In meeting these thrusts, BFRL's research
include: high performance concrete, addresses structural engineering,
building life cycle cost computer program, materials engineering, mechanical and
high performance mechanical systems, environmental systems, fire safety
finishes, and furnishings, "natural" engineering, fire science, and applied
alternative refrigerants for heat pumps, economics. Each of the BFRL research
and our search, with industry, for summaries is formatted by project title,
alternative fire suppressants. the BFRL point of contact, sponsor,
description of the research, and recent
Within the automation thrust, research is results.
addressing development of new
techniques and standards for real-time BFRL's laboratory facilities are an
construction metrology and a national important resource. Facilities include:
standard for kinematic modeling of six-degree-of-freedom structural testing
construction site machinery and facility; large-scale structural testing
MN
displaying graphical representations. facility with the 53 universal
With U.S. industry, BFRL is developing structural testing machine; environmental
the capability to represent and exchange chambers; guarded hot-plate; calibrated
information supporting the design and hot-box; plumbing tower; building
construction of structural systems using materials imaging and modeling
internationally accepted protocols. laboratory; fire suppression test facilities;
Conformance tests are being developed and a fire simulation laboratory. The
for products complying with standards large burn facility for conducting
for the open exchange of information experimental fires in full-scale large
between equipment from different industrial fire test facilities is currently
control vendors and between different undergoing renovation.
levels of control in hierarchal and
distributed building management BFRL works closely with its international
systems. peer organizations to maintain awareness
of foreign research developments, assure
BFRL
In the loss reduction thrust, that generic research efforts are
research includes next generation design complementary, and represent U.S.
standards for wind loads to develop key interests in the preparation of
elements of an improved wind load international standards and practices.
design standard that will use existing BFRL cooperates closely with other U.S.
databases and state-of-the-art and foreign laboratories in the conduct of
computational methods for establishing its research. More than 90 research
site-specific design wind speeds and the associates from U.S. industry, guest
corresponding steady and fluctuating researchers from foreign laboratories, and
structural loads. BFRL is constructing a faculty members from universities worked
user-friendly version of its CFAST model at BFRL during 1996 for periods
(FASTLite) which can be used by fire averaging about a year. BFRL has direct
protection engineers and fire service linkages with industry through its 45
personnel with a minimum of training, Cooperative Research and Development
and developing protocols to quantify the Agreements (CRADAs).
iv
BFRL participates in more than 130 be reached through BFRL's Home Page
national and international at: http://www.bfrl.nist.gov or contact
standardization activities; provides BFRL's Office of Cooperative Research
leadership in these national and Programs, Building 226, Room B250,
MD
international standardization NIST, Gaithersburg, 20899.
organizations and chairs more than 20 Persons requesting information may want
voluntary standardization activities. to contact BFRL using facsimile number
Annually BFRL publishes over 220 301-975-4737 or E-mail
reports, articles for research journals and [email protected].
for professional and trade journals, and
computer model software packages.
BFRL staff annually makes hundreds of
presentations at professional and
technical meetings of building
community organizations, is host to more
than 1 700 visitors to its facilities, and
responds to more than 19000 requests
for information. BFRL conducts
symposia in cooperation with other
organizations concerned with building
research and practice and hosts biweekly
Fire Research Seminars for NIST staff
and colleagues from the fire community.
These meetings are effective means of
transferring the latest knowledge to
practitioners and peer researchers. The
Fire Research Information Service (FRIS)
consisting of national and international
fire research literature and FIREDOC,
the automated database of fire research
literature, is the only comprehensive
national library resource for the fire
community.
At the beginning of FY1997, BFRL's staff
was about 220 persons of which 129 are
professional staff, 71 have Ph.D.s, and 26
are registered engineers. BFRL's budget
for FY 1997 is $31 million. Funding
comes from direct appropriations ($19
million), from other Federal agencies
($10 million) and from the private sector
($2 million).
For further information about BFRL, its
facilities, opportunities for Guest
Researcher assignments, collaborative
programs, and contracted research, may
V
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i
i
CONTENTS Fire Resistance of High-Strengtfi
Concrete 22
Foreword
iii Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites in
Construction 24
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Performance Requirements for Passive Next Generation Design Standard for Wind
Energy Dissipation Systems for Buildings Loads 25
and Lifeline 3
COATINGS AND COMPOSITES
Geotechnical Characterization for Lifelines Computer-Integrated Knowledge Systems
and Buildings 4 (CIKS) for High-Performance Construction
Materials and Systems 29
Cyclic Lateral Load Tests and Digital
Database of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Computer-Integrated Knowledge Systems
Columns 5 (CIKS) for High Performance Coatings 30
. .
Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Coatings Service Life Prediction Consortium
Connections 7 - Task I: Quantification of Photodegradation
Effects of UV-radiation in the Field and
Seismic Resistance of Partially-Grouted Laboratory 32
Masonry Shear Walls 8
Coatings Service Life Prediction Consortium
Seismic Performance of Cladding - Task II: Interactive Research Program With
Systems 8 Industry 33
Seismic Strengthening Methodologies for Coatings Service Life Prediction Consortium
Existing Lightly RC Frame Buildings .... 9 - Task III: User-Friendly Software System
for Experimental Design and Data
Guidelines for the Repair/Rehabilitation of Analysis 33
Welded Steel Moment Frames 10
Advanced Models and Measurements of
Implementation of National Lifeline Optical Reflectance of Materials 34
Plan 11
Spectral Ultra Violet-B Radiation
Management of the Interagency Committee Database 35
on Seismic Safety in Construction
(ICSSC) 12 Highway Structures Expert System for the
Selection of Coating Materials 36
Technical Assistance to FEMA Project
Officer (Existing Buildings) 14 Effects of Environmental and Mechanical
Stresses on Fiber-reinforced Polymeric
Technical Assistance to FEMA Project Composites 37
Officer (New Buildings) 15
Interface/lnterphase Characterization of
Support Implementation of EO 12699 15 Polymeric Building Materials 38
. .
Secretariat U.S.-Side Panel on Wind and Standards for Abatement of Hazards from
Seismic Effects 16 Lead in Buildings 39
STRUCTURAL EVALUATION Method for Evaluation of Performance of
Construction Automation 19 Lead-in-Paint Measuring Devices Under
Simulated Field Conditions 40
High-Performance Concrete: Design and
Construction Practices 20
VII
Factors Affecting the Leaching of Lead from Protocol Testing for Process Plant
Lead-based Paint Films 41 Representations 67
International Standards for Design Life of Architecture and Modeling Issues for
Buildings 42 Computer Integrated Knowledge Systems
for Materials 68
CONCRETE
HEAT TRANSFER
Three-Dimensional Microstructural/Kinetic
Model of Cement Hydration 47 Advanced Thermal Insulation Panel
Testing 71
Microstructure-Property Relationships in
Random Porous Materials 48 Low-Temperature and High-Temperature
Thermal Insulation Reference
Microstructure and Moisture-Driven Size Materials 72
Changes of Cement-Based Materials ... 49
Development of 2-Dimensional Heat and
Development of Microstructure and Moisture Transfer Model 73
Transport Properties of Concrete 50
A Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating
Transport Properties of High-Performance System 74
Concrete 51
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Computer-Integrated Knowledge Systems Indoor Air Quality Modeling with
(CIKS) for High-Performance Concrete . . 52 Computational Fluid Dynamics 79
Processing of High-Performance Development of lAQ Model for
Concrete 53 Designers 80
Cementitious Materials Modeling Laboratory VOC Emission Measurements in Office
(CMML) 54
Buildings 81
Characterization of Clinker, Cement, and lAQ Analysis of Residential Ventilation
Flaws in Cement Paste and Concrete 54 Systems 82
. .
Durability of Highway Concrete Infiltration and Ventilation in Large
Pavements 55 Buildings 83
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Demonstration of Residential Ventilation
Cement and Concrete Reference Systems 84
Laboratory 59
Combined Thermal and Airflow Analysis in
AASHTO Materials Reference Multizone Buildings 85
Laboratory 60
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND
Performance of Tape-Bonded Seams in CONTROLS
EPDM Roofing Membranes 61
Communication Protocols for Building
Controls 89
COMPUTER INTEGRATED
CONSTRUCTION
Real Time Fault Detection and
STEP for the Process Plant Industries 65 Diagnostics 90
. .
Object Oriented Implementation of Test Procedures for Furnaces, Boilers, and
STEP 66 Integrated Appliances 91
viii
