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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES
blank) July 2011 Original September 1990
Updated June 1996
Updated May 2003
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. PROJECT ID NUMBER
Project and Construction Management Guidelines July 2011
6. AUTHOR(S)* Douglas R. Campion; Charles Neathery, John Reinfurt,
Pamela Bailey-Campbell (Jacobs); Dorothy Schulz (Interactive Elements);
David Sillars (Sillars)
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
Jacobs Engineering Group and subcontractor, Campion Group, LLC REPORT NUMBER
501 North Broadway P.O. Box 31515
Saint Louis, MO 63102 Saint Louis, MO 63131
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
ADDRESS(ES) AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, S.E.
Washington, DC 20590
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES * Assisted by: Tracey Lober and Keith Konradi of Jacobs; Virginkar & Associates;
Interactive Elements Inc.; O.R. Colan & Associates; David Evans and Associates; David Sillars; and other FTA Project
Management Oversight Contractors
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Available From: National Technical Information Service/NTIS,
Springfield, Virginia 22161.
Phone 703.605.6000, Fax 703.605.6900, Email
mailto:[email protected]@ntis.fedworld.gov
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) This is the 3rd update of the document originally published in September 1990
and updated in June 1996 and May 2003. It reflects current FTA project development, grants, and project management
requirements. It incorporates the experience of FTA’s Project Management Oversight Program research and technical
assistance initiatives, and new or updated legislation and Circulars. Additional or expanded guidance is provided on
safety and security considerations and certification process, project risk assessment and allocation, project controls,
project delivery approaches, financing, real estate acquisition, dispute resolution, quality assurance/quality control, value
engineering, public communications, and identifies additional sources of training and assistance.
The Guidelines describe the transit capital project development process (with details on each phase along the
continuum), general project management principles, and the application of those principles in the planning, design,
construction/equipment procurement, and testing/start-up phases. While the emphasis may be seen as being put on
Major Capital Projects and New Starts projects, information on the Small Starts program is also provided. Regardless,
the principles and practice discussed have applicability to any capital transit project. Hyperlinks are provided to
additional sources of requirements and guidance.
14. SUBJECT TERMS Transit Capital Projects, Project Management, 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 325
Construction Management, Project Control Project Planning, Finance, Risk
16. ACCOUNTING DATA
Assessment Quality Assurance Quality Control, Safety and Security
Management Plan Safety Certification Design-Build, Real Estate Acquisition
17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF
CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT
REPORT THIS PAGE ABSTRACT
Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The 2011 Project and Construction Management Guidelines Update project was
sponsored and managed by FTA’s Office of Engineering. Carlos M. Garay was the FTA
Project Manager. Douglas R. Campion, Campion Group, LLC was the contractor
responsible for the primary editing and author for updating of the Guidelines under
contract to Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. (Timothy L. Mantych, Program Manager).
Additional specialized inputs were provided by: Charles Neathery (scheduling), John
Reinfurt (geotechnical) and Pamela Bailey-Campbell (alternative delivery methods) of
Jacobs; Bob Merryman and Richard Moeller (real estate) of O. R. Colan Associates;
Arun Virginkar and Hal Edris (vehicles and other systems) of Virginkar & Associates; Bill
Byrne and Mike Eidlin (preliminary engineering and final design) of David Evans and
Associates; David Sillars, PhD (risk assessment), consultant to Burns Engineering
Group: and Dorothy Schulz (safety and security) of Interactive Elements Inc. Jacobs
staff, most particularly Tracey Lober and Keith Konradi assisted in editing and document
preparation.
At the request of FTA’s Carlos M. Garay, Project Management Oversight contractors
were asked to review various sections of the initial draft of the Guidelines and offer
comments, and did so to varying degree with comments taken into consideration
throughout this update.
FTA Project and Construction Management Guidelines
July 2011 Update Page i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ i
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. ii
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ vii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................... ix
Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Purpose and Scope of the Guidelines .......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Reasons for the Guidelines Update .............................................................................................. 1-2
1.3 Format and Content Summary ...................................................................................................... 1-3
Chapter 2 – TRANSIT CAPITAL PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ............... 2-1
2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Major Capital Projects ...................................................................................................... 2-2
2.1.1.1 Pre-Award and Letter of No Prejudice Funding ............................................... 2-5
2.1.2 Capital Projects Not Classified as Major Capital Projects ............................................... 2-8
2.1.2.1 Fixed Guideway Modernization ....................................................................... 2-8
2.1.2.2 Bus Maintenance Facilities .............................................................................. 2-9
2.1.2.3 Vehicle Procurements ...................................................................................... 2-9
2.1.2.3.1 Transit Vehicles Procurement: ...................................................... 2-10
2.1.2.3.2 Regulatory References .................................................................. 2-11
2.1.2.3.3 Vehicle Procurement Deliverables ................................................ 2-12
2.1.2.3.4 Buy America Requirements for Revenue Service Vehicles .......... 2-14
2.1.2.3.5 Pre-Award Audits Requirements for Bus & Rail Buy America ...... 2-15
2.1.2.3.6 Post Delivery Audit Requirements ................................................. 2-16
2.1.2.4 Multimodal Transfer Facilities ........................................................................ 2-17
2.1.2.5 Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Projects ................................................................. 2-17
2.1.2.6 New Technology Procurements .................................................................... 2-17
2.2 Project Development Elements of Sound Transportation Planning ............................................ 2-18
2.2.1 Systems Planning .......................................................................................................... 2-18
2.2.2 Alternatives Analysis ...................................................................................................... 2-21
2.2.3 Project Management Plan (PMP) .................................................................................. 2-22
2.2.4 Rail Modernization Planning .......................................................................................... 2-26
2.2.5 Bus Maintenance Facility Planning ................................................................................ 2-28
2.2.6 Project Risk Analysis and Procurement Planning .......................................................... 2-28
2.2.7 Environmental Planning ................................................................................................. 2-33
2.2.8 Financial Planning .......................................................................................................... 2-34
2.2.9 FFGA and Other Grant Requirements ........................................................................... 2-36
2.2.9.1 Full Funding Grant Agreement (FFGA) ......................................................... 2-36
2.2.9.2 Other Requirements ...................................................................................... 2-37
2.2.10 Joint Development Planning/Coordination with Transit Project Planning ...................... 2-38
2.2.11 Safety and Security Management Plan (SSMP) ............................................................ 2-40
2.2.11.1 Introduction and Background to the SSMP ................................................... 2-40
2.2.11.2 Authority for and Elements of an SSMP ........................................................ 2-41
2.2.11.3 SSMP Content ............................................................................................... 2-43
2.2.11.4 Safety and Security Considerations When An SSMP Is Not Required ......... 2-45
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Table of Contents
2.3 Engineering and Design .............................................................................................................. 2-45
2.3.1 Preliminary Engineering (PE) ......................................................................................... 2-46
2.3.1.1 Preliminary Engineering Activities ................................................................. 2-48
2.3.2 Final Design Phase ........................................................................................................ 2-57
2.3.3 Construction And Equipment/Materials Procurement Phase ........................................ 2-59
2.3.4 Recovery Plan ................................................................................................................ 2-61
2.3.5 Testing and Start-Up Phase ........................................................................................... 2-62
2.3.6 Revenue Service Phase ................................................................................................ 2-64
2.3.6.1 Operations and Maintenance......................................................................... 2-64
2.3.6.2 System Performance Monitoring/Assessment ............................................... 2-65
2.3.6.3 Before and After Study .................................................................................. 2-65
2.3.6.4 Capital Replacement Planning ...................................................................... 2-66
2.3.6.5 State Safety Oversight (SSO) ........................................................................ 2-67
Chapter 3 – GENERAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES FOR TRANSIT CAPITAL
PROJECTS ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Grantee and Project Organization ................................................................................................ 3-4
3.2.1 Grantee Authority, Requirements, and Organization ....................................................... 3-4
3.2.2 Project Organization, Staffing, and Training .................................................................... 3-7
3.2.3 Work Breakdown Structure ............................................................................................ 3-10
3.3 Financial Requirements/Resources ............................................................................................ 3-12
3.3.1 Capital Plan .................................................................................................................... 3-13
3.3.1.1 Project Capital Plan ....................................................................................... 3-14
3.3.1.2 Force Account ................................................................................................ 3-16
3.3.1.3 Subsequent Modernization Cost ................................................................... 3-17
3.3.1.4 Contingencies ................................................................................................ 3-17
3.3.1.5 Capital Funding .............................................................................................. 3-18
3.3.1.6 Alternative Funding Source ........................................................................... 3-19
3.3.1.7 Financing Techniques .................................................................................... 3-20
3.3.1.8 Funding Source Forecasts ............................................................................. 3-21
3.3.1.9 Borrowing, Debt Levels, and Ratings ............................................................ 3-22
3.3.1.10 Federal Funding Shortfalls ............................................................................. 3-22
3.3.1.11 Agency-Wide Capital Plan ............................................................................. 3-22
3.3.1.12 Project Budget ............................................................................................... 3-23
3.3.2 Operating Plan ............................................................................................................... 3-23
3.3.2.1 Operation and Maintenance Costs (O&M Costs) .......................................... 3-24
3.3.2.2 Operating/Maintenance Funding Considerations .......................................... 3-26
3.3.3 Cash Flow Analysis ........................................................................................................ 3-26
3.4 Scheduling .................................................................................................................................. 3-27
3.4.1 Scheduling Principles ..................................................................................................... 3-27
3.4.2 Scheduling Process ....................................................................................................... 3-28
3.4.3 Integrated Master Project Schedule ............................................................................... 3-31
3.4.4 The Construction and/or Procurement Schedule(s) ...................................................... 3-32
3.5 Controlling the Project ................................................................................................................. 3-35
3.5.1 FTA Requirements ......................................................................................................... 3-35
3.5.2 Integrating Time and Cost .............................................................................................. 3-36
3.5.3 Controlling Costs ............................................................................................................ 3-37
3.5.4 Controlling Project Configuration and Changes ............................................................. 3-40
3.5.5 Risk Assessment and Management .............................................................................. 3-44
3.5.5.1 Projects Involving Construction of Tunnels ................................................... 3-46
3.5.5.2 Risk Identification ........................................................................................... 3-48
3.5.5.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................... 3-51
3.5.5.4 Risk Response ............................................................................................... 3-52
3.5.5.5 Alternative Project Delivery/Contracting Methods ......................................... 3-54
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3.5.6 Project Documentation and Reporting ........................................................................... 3-57
3.5.7 Available Technology for Project Management ............................................................. 3-59
3.5.8 Managing Hazards and Threats ..................................................................................... 3-60
3.5.8.1 Hazard Analysis and Management ................................................................ 3-61
3.5.8.2 Hazard Identification ...................................................................................... 3-62
3.5.8.3 Hazard Measurement .................................................................................... 3-62
3.5.8.4 Hazard Probability (Likelihood or Frequency) ............................................... 3-62
3.5.8.5 Risk Determination ........................................................................................ 3-63
3.5.8.6 Hazard Resolution (or Mitigation) .................................................................. 3-63
3.5.8.7 Threat and Vulnerability Management ........................................................... 3-64
3.5.8.8 Threat Identification ....................................................................................... 3-65
3.5.8.9 Defining Vulnerability ..................................................................................... 3-65
3.5.8.10 Threat Severity .............................................................................................. 3-65
3.5.8.11 Threat Probability (Likelihood or Frequency)................................................. 3-66
3.5.8.12 Criticality ........................................................................................................ 3-66
3.5.8.13 Countermeasure Recommendations ............................................................. 3-67
3.6 Procurement, Contracts, and Related Topics ............................................................................. 3-68
3.6.1 Procurement ................................................................................................................... 3-68
3.6.2 Consultant and Contractor Selection and Contract Types............................................. 3-70
3.6.3 Dispute Resolution ......................................................................................................... 3-70
3.6.4 Partnering – Construction Contracts .............................................................................. 3-71
3.6.5 Claims Management ...................................................................................................... 3-72
3.6.6 Alternative Project Delivery Methods and Overall Contracting Plan .............................. 3-73
3.6.6.1 Best-Value Procurement System .................................................................. 3-75
3.6.6.2 Penta-P .......................................................................................................... 3-77
3.6.7 Contracting Considerations Related to Risk Management ............................................ 3-77
3.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control .............................................................................................. 3-79
3.7.1 FTA QA/QC Guidelines Summary ................................................................................. 3-79
3.7.2 Project QA/QC Requirements ........................................................................................ 3-80
3.7.3 Alternative Organizational Structures ............................................................................ 3-83
3.7.4 Total Quality Management / International Organization for Standardization ................. 3-84
3.8 Communications ......................................................................................................................... 3-84
3.8.1 Project Coordination....................................................................................................... 3-85
3.8.2 Audience ........................................................................................................................ 3-86
3.8.3 Program Responsibility .................................................................................................. 3-86
3.8.4 Transit Riders ................................................................................................................. 3-86
Chapter 4 – MANAGING THE PROJECT DURING THE DESIGN PHASE
(PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING AND FINAL DESIGN) ........................................ 4-1
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Design Team Organization/Contracts ........................................................................................... 4-2
4.3 Construction Procurement Considerations ................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.1 Construction Contract Bid Documents and Requirements .............................................. 4-4
4.3.1.1 Consideration of Formally Advertised Contract Procurement ......................... 4-6
4.3.1.2 Non-Traditional Procurement Methods ............................................................ 4-6
4.3.1.3 Pre-Qualification .............................................................................................. 4-7
4.3.1.4 Issues and Opportunities for Industry Reviews in Contract Procurement ....... 4-7
4.3.2 Subcontracting and the Utilization of Small and Disadvantaged Firms ........................... 4-8
4.3.2.1 Utilization of and Compliance Assurances Relative to Small and
Disadvantaged Businesses .............................................................................................. 4-8
4.4 Design Criteria and Standards ...................................................................................................... 4-9
4.4.1 Operating Performance and Facilities Requirements – PE Phase ................................ 4-10
4.4.1.1 Perform Surveys ............................................................................................ 4-10
4.4.1.2 Conduct System Studies ............................................................................... 4-10
4.4.1.3 Select Way and Structure Types ................................................................... 4-12
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4.4.1.4 Develop Station Preliminary Plans ................................................................ 4-13
4.4.1.5 Develop Yard and Shop Criteria .................................................................... 4-15
4.4.1.6 Design Criteria for Fixed Guideway System Components ............................ 4-16
4.4.1.7 Computer-Assisted Design and Drafting ....................................................... 4-21
4.4.2 Applicable Codes and Standards ................................................................................... 4-21
4.4.3 Safety and Security ........................................................................................................ 4-21
4.4.4 Environmental Documentation and Mitigation Requirements ........................................ 4-24
4.5 Real Estate Acquisition ............................................................................................................... 4-26
4.5.1 Early Real Estate/Rights-of-Way (ROW) Activities ........................................................ 4-26
4.5.2 Real Estate Acquisition-Implementation Phase ............................................................. 4-28
4.5.3 Relocation Assistance Considerations........................................................................... 4-30
4.5.4 Contaminated Property (including Brownfields) ............................................................. 4-30
4.6 Negotiation of Third-Party Agreements ....................................................................................... 4-31
4.6.1 Governmental Jurisdictions ............................................................................................ 4-32
4.6.2 Utilities ............................................................................................................................ 4-32
4.6.3 Railroad and Other Transportation Entities ................................................................... 4-33
4.6.4 Environmental Compliance ............................................................................................ 4-35
4.6.5 Joint Development ......................................................................................................... 4-35
4.7 Design Management ................................................................................................................... 4-35
4.7.1 Design Coordination....................................................................................................... 4-35
4.7.2 Systems Integration ....................................................................................................... 4-36
4.7.3 Design Reviews ............................................................................................................. 4-37
4.7.3.1 PE Phase Design Reviews ............................................................................ 4-41
4.7.3.2 Final Design Phase Design Reviews ............................................................. 4-42
4.7.4 Construction Planning and Constructability Reviews .................................................... 4-43
4.7.5 Peer Reviews ................................................................................................................. 4-44
4.7.6 Value Engineering .......................................................................................................... 4-45
4.7.6.1 Definition and Requirements of Value Engineering ....................................... 4-45
4.7.6.2 Timing of Value Engineering Studies ............................................................ 4-45
4.7.6.3 The Value Engineering Workshop Team ....................................................... 4-45
4.7.6.4 The Value Engineering Workshop ................................................................. 4-46
4.7.7 Quality Assurance/Quality Control in Design ................................................................. 4-47
4.7.8 Design Management for Alternative Delivery Projects .................................................. 4-48
4.7.8.1 Design Review ............................................................................................... 4-48
4.7.8.2 Value Engineering ......................................................................................... 4-48
Chapter 5 – MANAGING THE PROJECT DURING THE PROCUREMENT AND
CONSTRUCTION PHASES ................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Developing a Plan for Managing Construction ............................................................................. 5-1
5.2.1 Organization and Staffing; Responsibilities and Authorities ............................................ 5-1
5.2.1.1 Interface Points ................................................................................................ 5-2
5.2.1.2 Relationship to Project Delivery Method Used ................................................ 5-4
5.2.1.3 Construction Manager Approach ..................................................................... 5-5
5.2.1.4 Resident Engineer ........................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.2 Project Labor Agreements (PLAs) ................................................................................... 5-6
5.2.3 Interface with Utilities ....................................................................................................... 5-6
5.2.4 Interface with Transit Operations ..................................................................................... 5-8
5.2.5 Community Relations and Public Information .................................................................. 5-8
5.2.6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ................................................................................. 5-10
5.2.7 Change Control and Management ................................................................................. 5-11
5.2.8 Configuration Management ............................................................................................ 5-12
5.2.9 Delays ............................................................................................................................ 5-13
5.2.10 Claims Avoidance and Management ............................................................................. 5-14
5.2.10.1 Dispute Resolution ......................................................................................... 5-14
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5.2.10.2 Partnering ...................................................................................................... 5-16
5.2.11 Documentation (Progress Reporting, Maintenance of Records) ................................... 5-17
5.2.12 Contractor Payments ..................................................................................................... 5-19
5.2.13 Project Closeout ............................................................................................................. 5-19
5.3 Contractor Requirements ............................................................................................................ 5-20
5.3.1 Permits ........................................................................................................................... 5-20
5.3.2 Safety Plan ..................................................................................................................... 5-20
5.3.3 Security Plan .................................................................................................................. 5-21
5.3.4 Quality Plan .................................................................................................................... 5-21
5.3.5 Submittals of Shop Drawings or Contract Data Requirements ...................................... 5-21
5.3.6 Submission of Requests for Information (RFIs) ............................................................. 5-21
5.3.7 Schedule ........................................................................................................................ 5-22
5.3.8 Progress Reporting and Invoices ................................................................................... 5-22
5.3.9 Record Drawings and Documentation ........................................................................... 5-23
5.3.10 O&M Manuals and Training ........................................................................................... 5-23
5.3.11 Testing and Inspection ................................................................................................... 5-23
5.3.12 Closeout Activities .......................................................................................................... 5-24
5.4 Construction Safety ..................................................................................................................... 5-24
5.4.1 Safety Program Management ........................................................................................ 5-25
5.4.2 Pre-Construction Survey to Identify Potential Hazards .................................................. 5-26
5.4.3 Construction Hazard Control .......................................................................................... 5-26
5.4.4 Employee Orientation and Training ............................................................................... 5-28
5.4.5 Safety Inspections and Audits ........................................................................................ 5-28
5.4.6 Accident Reporting and Investigations........................................................................... 5-28
5.4.7 Use of Contract Incentives ............................................................................................. 5-28
5.5 Construction Security .................................................................................................................. 5-29
5.5.1 Security Program Management ..................................................................................... 5-29
5.5.2 Construction Safety and Security Manual ...................................................................... 5-30
5.5.3 Construction Breach Control .......................................................................................... 5-31
5.5.4 Employee Orientation and Training ............................................................................... 5-31
5.5.5 Breach and Crime Reporting and Investigations ........................................................... 5-31
5.6 Insurance .................................................................................................................................... 5-31
5.6.1 Conventional Contractor Controlled Insurance Program ............................................... 5-32
5.6.2 Coordinated (Owner Controlled or Wrap Up) Insurance Program ................................. 5-32
5.6.3 Partner Controlled Insurance ......................................................................................... 5-33
Chapter 6 – MANAGING THE PROJECT DURING THE TESTING AND START-UP
PHASES ................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Test Program Planning ................................................................................................................. 6-2
6.3 Test Program Elements ................................................................................................................ 6-3
6.3.1 Contractually Required Testing ........................................................................................ 6-3
6.3.2 System Integration Testing .............................................................................................. 6-4
6.3.3 Operational Tests ............................................................................................................. 6-5
6.4 Management of Rail Activation ..................................................................................................... 6-6
6.4.1 Agreements ...................................................................................................................... 6-8
6.4.2 Establishment/Modification of Operating Organization .................................................... 6-8
6.4.3 Procedures, Rulebooks, and Manuals ............................................................................. 6-8
6.4.4 Recruitment of Personnel ................................................................................................ 6-8
6.4.5 Training ............................................................................................................................ 6-9
6.4.6 Pre-Revenue Operations ................................................................................................. 6-9
6.5 Safety Oversight .......................................................................................................................... 6-10
6.6 Security Oversight ....................................................................................................................... 6-11
6.7 Safety and Security Certification ................................................................................................. 6-11
6.8 Emergency Preparedness .......................................................................................................... 6-13
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6.9 Public Relations and Marketing .................................................................................................. 6-14
6.10 Initial Revenue Service ............................................................................................................... 6-15
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ R-1
INDEX ....... ................................................................................................................... I-1
Appendix A – Cost Estimation Methodology .......................................................... A-1
Appendix B – Project Contingency (General Overview) ........................................ B-1
Appendix C – Utility Relocation Agreements ......................................................... C-1
Appendix D – Preliminary Engineering Checklist .................................................. D-1
Appendix E – Final Design Checklist ....................................................................... E-1
Appendix F – Full Funding Grant Agreement Checklist ......................................... F-1
Appendix G – A Grantee’s Guide to the FTA New Starts Project Risk Review .... G-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1. TEA-21 New Starts Planning and Project Development Process ..................... 2-5
Figure 2-2. Safety and Security Core Management Functions ......................................... 2-40
Figure 2-3. FTA Project Development Continuum ............................................................ 2-46
Figure 2-4. Preliminary Engineering Phase Process ........................................................ 2-49
Figure 2-5. Final Design Phase Process .......................................................................... 2-59
Figure 2-6. Construction Phase Process .......................................................................... 2-60
Figure 2-7. Testing Phase Process .................................................................................. 2-63
Figure 2-8. Start-Up Phase Process ................................................................................. 2-64
Figure 3-1. Matrix Organization .......................................................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-2. Matrix Organization with a Project Office ......................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-3. Example of a WBS [Ref. 3-8] ......................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3-4. Components of a Financial Plan .................................................................... 3-13
Figure 3-5. Risk Management Process ............................................................................ 3-45
Figure 3-6 Cost Impacts & Mitigation Capability By Phase .............................................. 3-46
Figure 3-7. Public Agencies Roles/Responsibilities for Turnkey Projects ......................... 3-79
Figure 4-1 Transportation Planning Process ................................................................... 4-25
Figure 4-2. "Plan, Do, Check, Act" Cycle.......................................................................... 4-47
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1. Project Management Plan Outline .................................................................. 2-25
Table 2-2. Timing of Project Delivery Method Selection .................................................. 2-29
Table 2-3. Deliverables by Project Delivery Method ........................................................ 2-56
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