Table Of ContentContents
Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Other Books By Norman Lieberman
Introduction
Part I
Chapter One: Process Operations &
Design
)ncreasing Cooling Water Flow Thru an
Elevated Condenser or Cooler
(ot Vapor By-Pass Pressure Control
Stalling a Thermosyphon Reboiler
Optimizing Fractionator Pressure
Adjusting Steam Turbine Speed to
Minimize Steam Consumption
Steam Condensate Drainage from
Reboilers Blowing Condensate Seal
Effect of Reflux on Fractionator Top
Temperature
Centrifugal Pump (ead Vs. Flow
Performance Curves
Condensate Back-Up in Condensers-the
(cid:863)
Effect of Sub-Cooling
Distillation Tray Downcomer Back-Up
and Liquid Flooding
Effect of foam on Level )ndication in
Distillation Towers
Split Liquid Levels in Vertical Vapor -
Liquid Separators
Optimizing Excess Air in a Fired (eater
to Minimize Fuel Consumption
Distillation Tray Dumping or Weeping
with Valve Cap Tray Decks
Fired (eater - Tube Failures
Low Air Flow in a Fin Fan Forced Draft
Air Cooler
Measuring Air Flow For an Aerial Fin
Fan Aerial Cooler
Measuring Cooling Tower Efficiency
Approach to Wet Bulb Temperature
Adjusting (eater Stack Damper for
Optimum Energy Efficiency
Preventing Tray Dumping by Use of
Bubble Cap Trays
Demister Fouling in Vapor-Liquid
Seperator Vessels
Effect of Temperature on Liquid Level
(cid:864)
)ndication
Draw-Off Nozzle Capacity Limits
On-Stream Repair of Tube Leaks in
Surface Condenser
When Are Vortex Breakers Required?
Naphtha )njection to Centrifugal
Compressor
)nternal Overflow from Total Trap-Out
Chimney Tray
Vacuum Ejector – Loose Steam Nozzle
Effect of Tramp Air Leaks on (eater
Efficiency
Effect of a Single Fouled Tray
Steam Turbine – Surface Condenser
Outlet Temperature
Water Accumulation in Turbine Case
Chapter Two: Crude Distillation
(ow to Adjust Pumparound Flows
(ow Top Reflux Rate Affects Flooding
on Top Trays
Desalter - Adjusting Mix Valve Pressure
Drop
Causes of Tray Deck Fouling
Minimizing Flash Zone Pressure
(cid:865)
(ow to Adjust Bottoms Stripping Steam
Rate
Overhead Condenser Corrosion
On-Line Spalling of Crude Pre-(eat
Exchangers
Effect of Reflux on Overhead
Accumulator Temperature
Removing Trays from Pre-Flash Towers
Total Trap-Out Chimney Tray
Side Draw-Off Limitations
Packed Towers
Rules of Thumb for Packed Towers
Controlling Ago Draw-Off Rate
Filming Amine Plugs Overhead Vapor
Line
Stripping Tray Pressure Drop Profile
Protecting Crude Tower Stripping Trays
from Damage Due to Water in Steam
Chapter Three: Engineering Basics
Draft in Fired (eaters
Turbine Exhaust Surface Condenser
Outlet Temperature
Adjusting Steam Turbine to Save Steam
Distillation Tray Downcomer Seal
(cid:866)
Bernoulli(cid:495)s Equation
Properties of Steam
Measuring Flows
(ead Loss in pipelines
)rene Explains (orsepower
Refrigeration
Packed Towers Vs. Trayed Towers
Condensing Steam Turbine Exhaust
Maximizing Lmtd in (eat Exchangers
Chapter Four: Routine Refinery
Operating Problems
Pump Bearings Lubrication
Pressure Measurement Problems in
Vapor Lines
Negative Pressure Drops
Coked-Up Thermowells
Centrifugal Compressor Surging
Commisioning Steam Turbine
Refrigeration Systems
Seal Pan Drain (ole
Measuring Steam Flow Without a Steam
Meter
Air Leak on Suction of Cooling Water
Pump
(cid:867)
Chapter Five: Refinery Safety
Auto-)gnition of (ydrocarbons
Failure of Mechanical Pump Seals
Sampling Tar Safely
Dangers of )ron Sulfides
( S Fatalities
(cid:862)
Fired (eater – Positive Pressure
Refinery Explosions & Fires
Flooding Fire Box with Fuel
Routing Relief Valves to the Flare
)solating Equipment with Gate Valves
Explosive Limit of (ydrogen
Climate Change
Danger of Carbon Steel Piping Spool
Pieces
Screwed Connections
Dangers of Steam Deaerators
Connecting Steam (ose to (ydrocarbon
System
Process Vessel Collapse Under Vacuum
During Start-Up
Acid Gas K.O. Drum
Safety Note
(cid:868)
Part II
Chapter Six: Pitfalls in Computer
Modeling
Basis for Process Engineering
Calculations
Underlying Assumptions in Distillation
Technology
Tray Fractionation Efficiency
(eat Exchanger Train Performance
(eat Exchanger Pressure Drop
Packed Towers
Air Coolers
Fired Equipment
Piping Systems
Centrifugal Pumps – NPS(
Rotating Equipment
Summary
References
Value of a Chemical Engineering Degree
to the Process Engineer in a Refinery
Chapter Seven: Latent Heat Transfer
Propane-Butane Splitter Reboiler
(eat Flux Limitations
Chapter Eight: Hydraulics
(cid:869)
Fluids Other Than Water
Rotational Energy
Pressure Drop Through an Orifice
Effect of Fluid Density on Orifice
Pressure Drop
(ead Loss in Piping
Factor Affecting Orifice Coefficients
Compressible Fluids
Chapter Nine: Air Coolers
Measuring Air Flow
Air Recirculation
Vane Tip Clearance Problems
Cleaning Tube Bundle
Effect of Fouling on Reverse Air Flow
Effect of Adding Rows of Tubes
Changing Fan Blade Tips & Speed
Slipping Belts
Air (umidification
)nduced Draft Fans
Chapter Ten: Extracting Work from
Steam
An )sentropic Expansion
Steam Turbines
(cid:861)(cid:860)
The Potential Energy of Steam
Condensing Steam at Low Pressure
The Meaning of Entropy
The Norm Lieberman Refinery
Troubleshooting Seminar Video
Presentation
Index
End User License Agreement
(cid:861)(cid:861)
