Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and ...

652 Pages·2017·16.65 MB·English

Proceedings of the 9th
international conference on
Energy Efficiency in Domestic
Appliances and Lighting
(EEDAL '17)
Part I
Bertoldi, Paolo
2017
EUR 28961 EN
This publication is a report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and
knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process.
The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the
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be made of this publication.
Contact information
Name: Bertoldi Paolo
Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749 - 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
Email: [email protected]
Tel.: [phone]
JRC Science Hub
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc
JRC109209
EUR 28961 EN
PDF ISBN 978-92-79-77172-9 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/264880
Print ISBN 978-92-79-77169-9 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/667696
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017
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How to cite this report: P. Bertoldi, Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Energy Efficiency in
Domestic Appliances and Lighting (EEDAL '17): Part I, EUR 28961 EN, Publications Office of the European
Union, Luxembourg, 2017, ISBN 978-92-79-77172-9, doi:10.2760/264880, JRC109209.
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Contents
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ 1
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 2
2 BUILDING SIMULATION ...................................................................................... 4
A Multi-Input Forward Converter for Renewable Sources ...................................................... 5
Understanding the value of information in residential building simulation: Comparing simulated and
actual building loads at the circuit level ......................................................................... 12
3 POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES ........................................................................... 29
Impacts of a Loophole in US Fluorescent Lamp Efficiency Standards ..................................... 30
Evaluating energy savings from replacement of old refrigerators ........................................... 41
Assessing the Cost-Effective Energy Saving Potential from Top-10 Appliances in India ............... 51
The Advanced Cooling Market Tracker: Monitoring deployment of climate-friendly cooling technology
worldwide ............................................................................................................ 70
Baseline Evaluation and Policy Implications for Air Conditioners in Indonesia ........................... 81
Soup to Nuts on NEBs – Methods, Results, and Application at the Utility and the Regulatory Level . 96
The National Top Runner Initiative (NTRI) in Germany – Retailers as gatekeepers between
manufacturers and consumers. How to address retailers to promote energy efficient appliances .. 109
Addressing Growing Plug-Load Energy Consumption with an Innovative Program Design – Results of
the ENERGY STAR Retail Products Platform Pilot ......................................................... 116
Leading the Way with Most Efficient Products: International Comparative Analysis of Most Efficient
Product Recognition Programs and Implications for China’s New Energy Efficiency Top Runner
Program ............................................................................................................ 136
Impacts of Common Domestic Products Outside the Use Phase: A Literature Review and Program
Strategies .......................................................................................................... 150
Loans for One and All: Examining the Equity of Energy Efficiency Financing in Rhode Island ...... 161
It’s nothing to write about? How EU-Member States address appliances in their National Energy
Efficiency Action Plans ........................................................................................... 171
Effects of promoting electrification and energy efficiency improvement in the building sector for
achievement of the climate target keeping below 2℃ ....................................................... 183
Rhode Island Renewable Thermal Market Strategy – An Analysis of Energy, Environmental,
Economic, Energy Bill, and Local Job Impacts of an Alternative Renewable Thermal Energy Future for
Rhode Island ...................................................................................................... 198
Energy efficiency reduces the rate of national greenhouse gas emissions ............................. 212
Metrics to Assess the Value of National Market Monitoring, Verification and Enforcement Programmes
–Phase I ........................................................................................................... 223
Topten: moving with the times to continue delivering energy savings ................................... 233
Customer Targeting: From the Ivory Tower to the Town ................................................... 246
4 BUILDINGS ................................................................................................... 261
Identifying Opportunities for Saving Energy through U.S. Building Code Compliance ................ 262
Learning the Best from the Best ................................................................................ 272
Economic impacts of deploying different battery technologies and a time-of-use electricity pricing in a
Brazilian commercial building ................................................................................... 285
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"No-carbon-future" smart building technology ................................................................ 299
Using BIM to enhance the ESCO services used in the setting up of Neighbourhood Management
Systems in China ................................................................................................. 304
DC Appliances and DC Power Distribution: A Bridge to the Future Net Zero Energy Home ......... 316
5 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ................................................................................. 328
Smart Home Consumers: Comparing Self-reported and Observed Attitudes........................... 329
Behavior Program Retention Results: The Latest .......................................................... 344
Tier 2 Advanced Power Strips – Revisiting behavior based models for estimation of savings in
laboratory and field trial evaluations ........................................................................... 353
Cooking: consumer`s influence on energy consumption ................................................... 379
Investigation of consumer’s behaviour towards investments in household energy efficient appliances
386
Resident experiences using load management devices in an Australian monitored low-energy housing
development ....................................................................................................... 401
Quantile regression to estimate residential electricity rebound effect: Price and energy efficiency effect
414
How People Are Using Home Appliances in Southeast Asian Countries? - Evidence from a
Comparative Analysis of Southeast Asia and Japan - ...................................................... 423
Why do consumers in Europe not use an automatic dishwasher to clean their dishes? .............. 441
Finding the "Reach" in Outreach to Change Behaviors .................................................... 458
Consumer behaviour in food preparation and its impacts on energy consumption .................... 466
Hot and Cold: Harnessing consumers’ different decision making styles to drive energy efficient
purchasing of appliances ........................................................................................ 472
Clean energy campaigning that promotes civic engagement among Spanish- and English-speaking
parents .............................................................................................................. 489
Learning from the Feet on the Street: Lessons from Studying Those Who Work with Underserved
Populations ........................................................................................................ 501
Characteristics or Culture?: Determinants of Household Energy Use Behavior in China, Germany, and
the U.S. ............................................................................................................. 515
6 MONITORING ................................................................................................ 550
Tracking the energy efficiency of whitegoods in Australia .................................................. 551
How has the European White Goods market changed in the past 10 years? – Analysis based on sales
data reveals constant improvements, contradictory trends, and big successes for a new technology.
565
Trends in Residential Energy Consumption in the EU and Impact of Energy Efficiency Policies .... 579
Residential Consumer Electronics Energy Consumption in the United States in 2017................ 594
7 SMART HOMES .............................................................................................. 605
Home Energy Management Systems: An Overview ........................................................ 606
Smarter Together? A Stakeholder Analysis of Perspectives on Home Energy Management ........ 615
Using Human Gestures to Control a Building’s Heating and Cooling System .......................... 627
What if We Made a Smart Home and Nobody Came? ..................................................... 636
ii
ABSTRACT
This book in three volumes contains the papers presented at the ninth international conference on
Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting. EEDAL'2017 organised in Irvine, CA, USA by
California Plug Load Research Center (CalPlug) at the University of California, Irvine on 13-15
September 2017. This major international conference has been very successful in attracting an
international community of stakeholders consumption (including manufacturers, consumers,
governments, international organisations, academia and experts) dealing with residential appliances,
equipment, metering, lighting, residential building energy to discuss the progress achieved in
technologies, behavioural aspects and policies, the strategies that need to be implemented to further
progress this important work. Potential readers who may benefit from this book include researchers,
engineers, policymakers, and all those who can influence the design, selection, application, and
operation of electrical appliances and residential buildings.

1
1 INTRODUCTION
This book in three volumes contains the Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Energy
Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting. EEDAL'2017 organised in Irvine, CA, USA by
California Plug Load Research Center (CalPlug) at the University of California, Irvine on 13-15
September 2017. The international community of stakeholders dealing with residential equipment,
metering and lighting (manufacturers, retailers, consumers, governments, utilities, international
organisations and agencies, academia and experts, etc.) have already gathered eight times at the
International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (EEDAL)
(Florence 1997, Naples 2000, Turin 2003, London 2006, Berlin 2009, Copenhagen 2011, Coimbra
2013, Lucerne 2015, Irvine 2017).
EEDAL'17 has provide a unique forum to discuss and debate the latest developments in energy and
environmental impact of residential appliances and lighting, heating and cooling equipment,
electronics, smart appliances, smart meters, consumer behaviour, the policies and programmes both
adopted and planned. EEDAL will also address the technical and commercial advances in the
dissemination and penetration of technologies and solutions.
The three-day conference included plenary sessions where key representatives of governments and
international organisations, manufacturers utilities, and academia presented their views and
programmes to advance energy efficiency in residential appliances and lighting, for example, through
international co-operation on product information and eco-design requirements. Scientific parallel
sessions on specific themes and topics allowed in-depth discussions among participants.
The EEDAL '17 conference papers presented in the scientific session included in the Proceedings
covered the following topics:
1. Lifestyles and Consumer Behaviour
2. Global Climate Change Mitigation Policy
3. Focus on Developing Countries and Emerging Economies
4. Strategies for Increasing Efficiency
5. Standards and Labels
6. Measurement Methods and International Harmonisation
7. Market surveillance and enforcement mechanisms
8. Market Transformation Programmes
9. Smart Meters, Data Analytics, and End-use Metering
10. Demand Response
11. Energy Services, Energy Efficiency Funds, Demand Side Management and ESCOs
12. Programme and Policies Monitoring & Evaluation
13. Designing for Diversity
14. Non Energy Benefits
15. Financing
16. Home and Residential Building Retrofit Programmes
17. Residential Appliances/White Goods
18. Residential HVAC and Water Heaters
19. Electronics, Home Office Equipment, Broadband Communication Equipment, and Low Power
Modes
20. Residential Lighting
21. Motor Technologies
2
22. Smart and Clean On-site (residential) Power Generation
23. Net Zero Energy Residential Building and positive buildings
24. Smart Appliances, Home Automation, Smart Homes, Home Robots and Smart Grids:
Communities. Cities and Aggregation
25. Off-Grid Appliances and Energy Access
3
2 BUILDING SIMULATION
4
A Multi-Input Forward Converter for Renewable Sources
M. Máximo1, N. Vázquez1, R. Osorio2, C. Hernández1
1Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Electronics Department, Celaya, México
2Universidad de Guadalajara, Engineering Department, Ameca, México

Abstract
Multi-input DC-DC converters have been developed to be used in sources as renewable energies.
Photovoltaic PV panels are traditionally arranged in more than one modules in order to increase the
power system; with the purpose of obtaining the maximum power point a converter for each panel
could be used, or a multi-input converter that is able to control independently each input. These multi-
input converters can be hybrid, this is the energy should come from solar panels, fuel cells, and/or
wind turbines. They may be used to administrate the energy of the system; this type of converter also
should be part of micro-grids.
In this paper a multi-input Forward converter is proposed for lighting applications, it obtains the energy
from two solar panels and a battery is used as a backup system in the proposed topology. The multi-
input Forward converter is described through its operating modes. To verify the performance of the
proposed converter, the simulation is shown in open loop by using PSIM software.
Introduction
Pollution around the world is increasing every day and the energy’s production from fossil fuel
sources, which are slowly decreasing. Due to climate change, it has been searched for others energy
sources as solar energy and wind energy. Renewable sources are key for clean energy production
[1], this fact shows the importance of using sustainable energy.
Power electronics is increasing the opportunities to use these sources by developing technology in
devices and power converters. The dc-dc power converters are suitable to be used in these
applications, they can be isolated or non-isolated.
Non-isolated converters as Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, and integrated topologies have been designed
as multi-input systems in order to use renewable sources, such as fuel cells, solar panels and/or wind
generators [2-5]. They can be for use in micro-grid, portable electronics, and automobile applications.
The Boost and Buck converters are popular in a wide range of power ratings. Flyback, Forward,
SEPIC, Full-bridge, and Half-bridge are isolated converters, they are used because of the capacity for
output isolation from input through a transformer. Considering several windings transformer, it can
provide more inputs and outputs. In [6] a review of multi-input topologies is presented that includes
isolated and non-isolated converters; also the differences between these converters are detailed, and
then, a good perspective about isolated converters is obtained. However, these converters have
disadvantages in volume and cost because the addition of a transformer to obtain isolation.
The use of isolated dc-dc converter for lighting applications is important to study the advantages of its
performance. Flyback and Forward converters are widely used and commonly modified as in [7], due
to their flexibility in turns ratio design. A Flyback converter that combines three renewable inputs
sources and works with one system controller is proposed in [8]. This topology is shown in Fig. 1, it
has just one transformer primary winding and uses three series buck converters to combine the
multiple input sources.
Another converter based on the Flyback converter is shown in [9]. This topology works with coupled
inductors for its operation. The input sources are two: the renewable inputs and a battery backup
system, as it can be seen in Fig. 2.

5
Figure 1. Flyback multi-input topology proposed in [8]

Figure 2. Multi-input Flyback converter with battery backup
In [10] a multi-input converter is proposed based on a forward-type isolated pulsating voltage source
cell and a SEPIC. This topology is shown in Fig. 3. The topology has two inputs and they are from
renewable sources: the PV panel and the wind turbine, the aim of this topology is to operate as a
battery charger system.

Figure 3. S-MIC as a battery charger system
6