Preparation and properties of translucent gamma

192 Pages·2017·6.68 MB·English

Preparation and properties of translucent gamma-aluminium
oxynitride
Citation for published version (APA):
Willems, H. X. (1992). Preparation and properties of translucent gamma-aluminium oxynitride. [Phd Thesis 1
(Research TU/e / Graduation TU/e), Chemical Engineering and Chemistry]. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
https://doi.org/10.6100/IR382898
DOI:
10.6100/IR382898
Document status and date:
Published: 01/01/1992
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PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES
OF
TRANSLUCENT
y-ALUMINIUM OXYNITRIDE
H.X. Willems
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF
TRANSLUCENT y-ALUMINIUM OXYNITRIDE
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF
TRANSLUCENT y-ALUMINIUM OXYNITRIDE
PROEFSCHRIFf
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van
de Rector Magnificos, prof. dr. J.H. van Lint,
voor een commissie aangewezen door het College
van Dekanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op
maandag 12 oktober 1992 te 16.00 uur
door
HENRICUS XAVIER WILLEMS
geboren te Eindhoven
druk: wlbro dlssertatledrukkerlj, helmond.
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren
prof. dr. G. de With
prof. dr. R. Metselaar
Aan Annelies
Aan mijn ouders
Table of contents
Page
Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 Ceramics 1
1.2 Aluminium oxynitride 2
1.3 Outline of this thesis 3
Chapter 2 : literature review
2.1 Phase relations 5
2.2 Crystallographic structure 13
2.3 Synthesis 16
2.3.1 Reactions based on Al0 and a solid reductor 17
2 3
2.3.2 Reactions based on Al0 and AIN 18
2 3
2.3.3 Synthesis based on gas phase reactions 18
2.3.4 Processing 19
2.4 Properties 20
2.4.1 Thermal properties 20
2.4.2 Mechanical properties 21
2.4.3 EJectrical properties 27
2.4.4 Optical properties 28
2.4.5 Oxidation and chemical resistance 29
2.4.6 Magnetical properties 31
2.4.7 Comparison to Al203, MgA1204 and AIN 31
References 34
Chapter 3 : Thermodynamics
3.1 Introduction 38
3.2 Data sets for Alon 40
3.3 Ellingham and activity diagrams 45
3.4 Experiments 50
3.4.1 Starting materials and equipment 50
3.4.2 Synthesis experiments 51
3.4.3 Annealing experiments 52
3.5 Discussion 55
3.6 Conclusion 58
Appendix to chapter 3 58
References 62
Page
Chapter 4 : Phase relations
4.1 The system Al03-AIN 64
2
4.1.1 Introduction 64
4.12 Experiments 65
4.1.3 Results 69
4.1.4 Discussion 78
4.1.5 Conclusion 82
42 The system Al0 -AIN-Mg0 82
2 3
4.2.1 Introduction 82
42.2 Experiments 85
4.2.3 Results and discussion 88
4.2.4 Conclusion 94
References 94
Chapter 5 : Crystal structure
5.1 Introduction 96
5.2 Neutron diffraction experiments 98
5.3 Results of the diffraction experiments 100
5.4 Discussion 107
5.5 Conclusion 108
References 109
Chapter 6 : Powder processing and sintering
6.1 Introduction 110
6.2 Powder processing 110
62.1 Starting materials 110
6.2.2 Mixing 112
6.2.3 Shaping 114
6.3 Sintering 116
6.3.1 Sintering equipment 116
6.3.2 Experiments 117
6.3.3 Results and discussion 119
6.4 Conclusion 127
References 127
ii
Page
Chapter 7 : Electrical properties
7.1 Introduction 128
7.2 Experiments 129
7.3 Results 133
7.4 Discussion 140
7.5 Conclusion 144
References 144
Chapter 8 : Mechanical and optical properties
8.1 Introduction 146
8.2 Characterisation 147
8.3 Experiments 149
8.4 Results 152
8.5 Discussion 162
8.6 Conclusion 165
References 167
Chapter 9 : Concluding remarks
9.1 Main results 169
9.2 Remaining problems 170
Summary 173
Samenvatting 175
Acknowledgements 177
Curriculum vitae 178
Ust of symbols and abbreviations 179
iii
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Ceramics
The world around us is full of all kinds of materials. These materials can be grouped
according to various criteria, according to taste and training. One possibility is to divide
tbe material world in an organic and an inorganic part. If we do so and look at the group
of inorganic materials, it is clear tbat further subdivisions can be made. One of these
subdivisions could comprise the so-called ceramic materials or ceramics. These materials
are usually compounds in which metal atoms (such as aluminium, silicon, zirconium etc.)
and non-metal atoms (such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon etc.) are combined and this
combination can yield some very interesting properties. Ceramics are generally known
for their excellent high temperature strength and chemical inertness. In the ceramics
group one can make a further subdivision in classical and technical ceramics. The latter
are also called fine, advanced or high-tech ceramics. The classical ceramics are primarily
clay-based materials such as brick, tile, sanitaryware, dinnerware, clay pipe and
(electrical) porcelain. The technical ceramics are either functional, like zinc oxide
(varistors), barium titanate (multilayer capacitors, actuators) and yttrium aluminium
garnet (host material for lasers) or structural, like silicon nitride, silicon carbide,
toughened zirconium oxide and boron carbide (used for cutting tools, wear resistant
coatings and ball bearings).
One of tbe oldest and best known technical ceramics is aluminium oxide, Al2~ which
has a high electrical resistivity and is used as an insulating material in numerous