Physical Properties of Ceramic and Carbon Nanoscale Structures: The INFN Lectures, Vol. II

212 Pages·2011·5.72 MB·English

by  Andrzej Huczko

Physical Properties of Ceramic and Carbon
Nanoscale Structures
Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science
and Technology
Volume 11
SeriesEditors:
ZhimingM.Wang
DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofArkansas,Fayetteville,AR,USA
AndreasWaag
InstitutfurHalbleitertechnik,TUBraunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany
GregorySalamo
DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofArkansas,Fayetteville,AR,USA
NaokiKishimoto
QuantumBeamCenter,NationalInstitueforMaterialsScience,Tsukuba,Ibaraki,Japan
VolumesPublishedinThisSeries:
Volume1:Self-AssembledQuantumDots,Wang,Z.M.,2007
Volume2:NanoscalePhenomena:BasicSciencetoDeviceApplications,Tang,Z.,
andSheng,P.,2007
Volume3:One-DimensionalNanostructures,Wang,Z.M.,2008
Volume4:NanoparticlesandNanodevicesinBiologicalApplications:TheINFN
Lectures-VolI,Bellucci,S.,2009
Volume5:TowardFunctionalNanomaterials,Wang,Z.M.,2009
Volume6:B-C-NNanotubesandRelatedNanostructures,Yap,Y.K.,2009
Volume9:NanoscalePhotonicsandOptoelectronics,Wang,Z.M.;Neogi,A.,2010
Volume11:PhysicalPropertiesofCeramicandCarbonNanoscaleStructures:
TheINFNLectures-VolII,Bellucci,S.,2011
ForthcomingTitles:
CrystallizationandGrowthofColloidalNanocrystals.Leite,E.R.,2011
EpitaxialSemiconductorNanostructures,Wang,Z.M.,andSalamo,G.,2011
Stefano Bellucci (Ed.)
Physical Properties of
Ceramic and Carbon
Nanoscale Structures
The INFN Lectures, Vol. II
123
Editor
StefanoBellucci
IstitutoNazionalediFisicaNucleare
LaboratoriNazionalidiFrascati
viaE.Fermi40
00044FrascatiRM
Italy
[email protected]
ISBN978-3-642-15777-6 e-ISBN978-3-642-15778-3
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-15778-3
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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InMemoryoftheLateGiorgioBellucci
(1931–2009)
ThisisBlankPageIntegra vi
Preface
This is the second volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale
Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known INFN schools
of the same name. The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of
suitable, introductory material to relevant subfields, as they mature over time, by
gathering the significantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given
overtheyearsbyinternationallyknownexperts.
The Nanotechnology group at INFN – LNF organizes since 2000 a series of
internationalmeetingsintheareaofnanotechnology.Theconferencesin2006and
2008weredevotedtorecentdevelopmentsinnanoscienceanditsmanifoldtechno-
logicalapplications.Theyincludedofanumberoftutorial/keynotelectures,which
arereflectedinthisvolume,besidesresearchtalkspresentingfrontiernanoscience
research developments and innovative nanotechnologies in the areas of biology,
medicine,aerospace,optoelectronics,energy,materialsandcharacterizations,low-
dimensionalnanostructuresanddevices.Selectedpapers,basedonconferencetalks
andrelateddiscussions,werepublishedondedicatedissuesofinternationaljournals.
Specialposterandequipmentsessionweredevotedtotheexhibitbyvariousfirms
of their institutional activities in selected areas of application where nanoscience
can have a deep impact. There was also the possibility for sample testing by the
participants.TutoriallecturesweredeliveredattheSchool,addressinggeneraland
basic questions about nanotechnology, such as what they are, how does one go
about them, what purposes can they serve. In tutorial sessions the nature of nan-
otechnology,theinstrumentsofcurrentuseinitscharacterizationsandthepossible
applicativeusesweredescribedatanintroductorylevel.
The Conferences covered a large range of topics of current interest in
nanoscience and nanotechnology, including aerospace, defence, national security,
biology,medicine,electronics.Thisbroadfocusisreflectedinthedecisiontopub-
lish different areas of application of these technologies in different volumes. The
present set of notes results in particular from the participation and dedication of
prestigiouslecturers,suchasAndrzejHuczko,NicolaPugnoAlexanderMalesevic,
Stefano Bellucci. All lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked,
takingintoaccounttheextensivefollow-updiscussionsattheConferences.
A tutorial lecture by Andrzej Huczko and collaborators (Warsaw University,
Poland) shows how different carbon and ceramic nanostructures (nanotubes,
vii
viii Preface
nanowires, nanofibres, nanorods, and nanoencapsulates) have a great potential for
improving our understanding of the fundamental concepts of the roles of both
dimensionalityandsizeonphysicalproperties,aswellasformanypotentialappli-
cations. Stefano Bellucci and Pasquale Onorato (INFN-LNF, Italy) engaged in an
extensive review of the transport properties in carbon nanotubes, encompassing
a description of the electronic structure from graphene to single-wall nanotubes,
the quantum transport in such systems, as well as the description of experimental
evidence of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes and the corresponding theo-
retical interpretation. Nicola Pugno (Turin Polytechnic University, Italy), in the
first of his contributions, goes about new laws to design futuristic self-cleaning,
super-adhesive and releasable hierarchical smart materials, as well as large invisi-
blecables,basedoncarbonnanotubetechnology.Healsoreviewedthemechanical
strength of nanotubes and megacables, with an eye to the challenging project of
the carbon nanotube-based space elevator megacable. In this second contribution,
he outlined the role on the fracture strength of thermodynamically unavoidable
atomistic defects with different size and shape, both numerically (with ad hoc
hierarchical simulations) and theoretically (with quantized fracture theories), for
nanotubes and nanotube bundles. Focusing on graphitic allotropes, the chapter by
Stefano Bellucci and Alexander Malesevic tries to give a taste of the widespread
implicationscarbonnanostructureshaveonresearchandapplications,startingfrom
anhistoricaloverview,followedbyadiscussionofthestructureofcarbonnanotubes
and graphene, over viewing several different synthesis techniques and illustrating
thephysicalpropertiesoftheseinnovativematerials,beforesummarizingtheirbroad
rangeofapplications.
Inconcludingthiseffort,Iwishtothankalllecturers,andespeciallythosewho
contributed to the present second volume in this series, as well as speakers and
participants to the n&n 2006 and n&n 2008 Conferences, for having contributed
to create a pleasant and productive atmosphere, fostering the settling of pervasive
collaborative spirit and pedagogical drive. I am confident that this first set of lec-
tures,inturn,willprovideanopportunityforthosewhoarejustnowbeginningto
get involved with nanoscience and nanotechnology, allowing them to get contacts
andprime,up-to-dateinformationfromtheexperts.Ialsowishtoacknowledgethe
enduringdedicationandcaringsupportofmywifeGloriaandourgreatdaughters
Costanza, Eleonora, Annalisa, Erica and Maristella, which allowed me to put this
volumetogether.
Frascati,Italy StefanoBellucci
May2010
References
1. S.Bellucci(ed.),inProceedingsoftheSchoolandWorkshoponNanotubes&Nanostructures
2000,SantaMargheritadiPula(Cagliari),Italy,ItalianPhysicalSociety,Bologna,Italy,2001,
ISBN88-7794-291-6,24Sept–4Oct2000
Preface ix
2. M.DeCrescenzi,S.Bellucci(eds.),J.Phys.Condens.Matter15(34),(3Sept2003)
3. S.Bellucci(ed.),J.Phys.Condens.Matter18(33),S1967–S2238(23Aug2006)
4. S.Bellucci(ed.),J.Phys.Condens.Matter19(39),390301–395024(3Oct2007)
5. S.Bellucci(ed.),J.Phys.Condens.Matter20(47),470301,474201–474214(26Nov2008)
6. S.Bellucci (ed.), Nanoparticles and Nanodevices in Biological Applications. The INFN
Lectures-VolI,vol4,(Springer,BerlinHeidelberg)pp.1–198,ISBN:978-3-540-70943-5
7. S.Bellucci (ed.), Guest Editorial: Selected Papers from the INFN-LNF Conference on
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Special section of J. Nanophoton., 3, 031999 (2009);
doi:10.1117/1.3266501