Perspectives on Water Usage for Biofuels Production: Aquatic Contamination and Climate Change

129 Pages·2018·2.29 MB·English

by  Muhammad Arshad (eds.)

Muhammad Arshad E ditor
Perspectives on
Water Usage
for Biofuels
Production
Aquatic Contamination and Climate
Change
Perspectives on Water Usage for Biofuels
Production
Muhammad Arshad
Editor
Perspectives on Water Usage
for Biofuels Production
Aquatic Contamination and Climate Change
123
Editor
Muhammad Arshad
UniversityofVeterinaryandAnimalSciences
Lahore
Pakistan
ISBN978-3-319-66407-1 ISBN978-3-319-66408-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66408-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017950025
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The present book is dedicated to
MY FAMILY
A life’s greatest blessing
Preface
The aim of this book is to provide texts about water-related issues arising through
biofuel production, especially in response to climate changes. Major focus is on
sustainable availability of clean water. It demonstrates the associations among
biofuel, water and climate changes especially focusing on interdisciplinary con-
nections that outstandingly update and enhanced understanding, deliberation and
responsiveness across such disciplines.
To entice readers from different disciplines, the book offers broad perspectives
ondiverseaspectsofclimatechangesimpactsonwateravailabilityforpresentand
future biofuel production. All the chapters are in-depth to highlight the relevant
aspects. Major types of biofuel have been discussed to provide comprehensive
compilation of relevant practical information on several aspects of biofuel, water
andclimatechanges.Thepresentbookservesasausefulquickreferenceforevery
person involved inbiofuelproduction orhavinginterest inwater issueandclimate
changes. Advanced students, researchers, instructors, decision-makers and profes-
sionals in the biofuel, water and climatic changes field will use it as a good
introductory resource.
Biofuel including bioethanol, biogas and biodiesel are most promising
eco-friendly substitutes to petroleum derived fuels, which are generated from
renewable sources. Chapter 1 of the book illustrates biofuel, its types, applications
and their feedstock resources. Further, rise of global water demand for the pro-
duction of biofuel and serious outweighs greenhouse gases reduction impact of
biofuels have been discussed. Chapter 2 contributes to an enhanced understanding
ofpresentclimaticconditions,observedclimate trendsandclimate vulnerabilityto
water availability. Biofuel production processes use freshwater for different activ-
itieswhichbecomescontaminatedwithorganicandinorganicpollutants.Chapter3
describesagricultural andindustrial activities involvingcurrentwater consumption
during biofuel production. Groundwater is strategically significant due to its
exceeding demand in agriculture, domestic and industrial uses. Chapter 4 keeps
discussion on wastewater generation from biofuel production and how the
groundwater quality is being deteriorated. In Chap 5, biofuel’s effects on human
health have been discussed. The water–biofuel relationship is being recognized as
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viii Preface
backbone of the factors fundamental for the future sustainable supply of biofuels.
The last chapter presents prospective and future trends of the water–biofuels rela-
tionship in reference to biofuel production technologies, also the obligation of
reusingwastewater andapplicationofundilutedwastewater togrowfeedstocksfor
biofuels to save freshwater resources.
Quick decisions must be taken now, on the use of water resources for biofuel
productionkeepinginmindtheclimatechangescenariotoreducetherisksoffuture
droughtsandunavailabilityoffreshwater.Lesswater-intensivefeedstockwillhave
toexploitifwehavetoavoidhigh-endpathwaysofemissionswhichcouldresultin
global average temperature increase. It implies that future development will
increasingly need to be fuelled by less water consuming biofuel sources accom-
panied by much more efficient use of resources to enable development within
environmental limits.
Overall, the book covers a wide range of scientific and technical aspects of
water-relatedissuesofbiofuelsinclimatechangescenario.Thetextisofinterestto
students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the areas of water, envi-
ronment, biofuel production and climate changes.
Jhang, Pakistan Muhammad Arshad, Ph.D.
Acknowledgements
I would like to send my deepest gratitude to those who have made this book
possible especially the Series Editor for Springer’s Water Program and all the
critiques fortheirparticipationinthesurveyofthisbookandhelpedmetogetthis
book written in better quality. I am also gratified to Dr. Ijaz Bano who had been a
majorcontributingauthorofthisbook,withoutherwillingnesstoleavehercomfort
zones and wrote about topics peripheral to her own expertise this book could not
havebeenwritten.Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepappreciationandindebtednessto
Dr. Nasrullah Khan and Ms. Sidra Jamil for their support in compiling the book.
Toallfamily,friendsandotherswhoinonewayoranothersharedtheirsupport.
Muhammad Arshad
ix
Contents
1 An Overview of Biofuel.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Anjum Zia,
Farman Ali Shah and Mushtaq Ahmad
2 Climatic Changes Impact on Water Availability... .... ..... .... 39
Ijaz Bano and Muhammad Arshad
3 Water Sustainability Issues in Biofuel Production . .... ..... .... 55
Muhammad Arshad and Mazhar Abbas
4 Impact of Biofuel’s Production on Ground Water . .... ..... .... 77
Ijaz Bano and Muhammad Arshad
5 Health Concerns Associated with Biofuel Production... ..... .... 97
Muhammad Arshad, Ijaz Bano, Muhammad Younus,
Ammanullah Khan and Abdur Rahman
6 Future Biofuel Production and Water Usage . .... .... ..... .... 107
Muhammad Arshad and Mazhar Abbas
xi
Contributors
Mazhar Abbas Jhang-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Lahore, Pakistan
Mushtaq Ahmad Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University,
Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Arshad Jhang-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
IjazBano Jhang-Campus,UniversityofVeterinaryandAnimalSciences,Lahore,
Pakistan
Ammanullah Khan Jhang-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Abdur Rahman Jhang-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Lahore, Pakistan
Farman Ali Shah Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of
Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Muhammad Younus Jhang-Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Anjum Zia Departmentof Biochemistry, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
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