Perfecting Engineering and Technical Drawing: Reducing Errors and Misinterpretations

98 Pages·2015·1.778 MB·English

by  Ron Hanifan (auth.)

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN
APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Ron Hanifan
Perfecting
Engineering and
Technical Drawing
Reducing Errors and
Misinterpretations
123
SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and
Technology
More information about this series at
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Ron Hanifan
Perfecting Engineering and
Technical Drawing
Reducing Errors and Misinterpretations
RonHanifan
DelRio,TN
USA
Portions of this Work previously appeared in Reduce Your Engineering Drawing Errors :
PreventingtheMostCommonMistakes,978-1-606-50210-5(originallypublishedin2010by
Momentum Press).
ISSN2191-530X ISSN2191-5318(electronic)
ISBN978-3-319-06982-1 ISBN978-3-319-06983-8(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-06983-8
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014945752
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015
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This book is dedicated to my lovely wife,
Catherine. She is the inspiration and driving
force behind all that I write. She gave me the
encouragement to finish this book and to
leave my little mark in this beautiful world.
Semper Fi.
Ron Hanifan
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Preface
Aftercheckingthousandsofdrawings,itisevidentthatnotmuchprogresshasbeen
accomplished in complying with proper documentation of drawings and drawing
selection.Mostcustomersand/ordesignactivitiesarenotfamiliarenoughwiththe
established rules, even though they haven’t changed in many years. The same
geometric dimension and tolerancing errors are present today as they were
60 years ago. The intent of dimensioning and tolerancing has not really changed
over the years except that definitions have become much more exact and many
moreseldomusedapplicationshavebeenadded.
MostcompaniesthatIhavebeenassociatedwithjustifytheirnoncomplianceby
usingthejustificationof“Thatisthewaywealwayshavedoneit,”“Wehavedone
it that way before,” or “No one will understand that application.” This fallacy of
noncompliance only confuses other users of the drawing (customers, suppliers,
manufacturers, inspectors, etc.). Usually the onlyconfusion that results is that the
other users don’t understand your misapplication. The rules in the governing
documents of engineering are the same for both Government and commercial
applications.
InthisbookIdefinethemostcommonerrorsappearingondrawings.Bycareful
attention to these areas of most probable mistakes, your drawings will be much
moreaccurateandcomplianttotheestablishedrules.Iamnotattemptingtodefine
how your drawings or designs are to be completed but I do direct you to the
appropriate documents for this and the complete definition. The documents that I
direct you to contain complete examples and definitions are the only appropriate
governingdocuments.Byreviewingthemostcommondrawingerrorsandapplying
the proper applications will result in approximately 90 % of your errors being
eliminated. Most are common sense and general drawing and dimensioning prac-
tices.Yourcompleteunderstandingofwhatyouhaveplacedonadrawingandits
properinterpretationisimperativeaswellasutilizingtheproperdrawingtypefor
the intended application. Drawing types have not changed significantly over the
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yearsandmostoftherequirementshaveremainedthesame.Deviationsfromthese
requirements are always hard to justify as they have been developed after many
years of application, discussion, and research. Basically all the rules are just
commonsense.
Youmustalwaystempertheproperdocumentationrequirementswiththewayit
ispreferredbyyoursupervisororcompanyrules.Theirviewsmaynotagreewith
properdocumentationrequirementsandyouneedtopresentyourinputcarefully.A
changeincompanypolicyisnevereasyandshouldbeapproachedwithcare.
DelRio,TN,USA RonHanifan
Contents
1 UnderstandingYourDrawingsandTheirRequirements. . . . . . . . . 1
2 FirstStepIsDone,DesignIsComplete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 UnderstandtheDataThatYouHavePlacedontheDrawing. . . . . . 11
TheMostCommonError. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
OtherFrequentErrors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Castings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4 DimensioningandTolerancingErrors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5 DrawingTypesandRequirements:SelecttheProperDrawingfor
YourApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
DrawingNotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
DrawingNoteContent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
DrawingTitles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
DrawingStatements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Mono-DetailorMulti-DetailDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
DetailDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
MatchedSetDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
AssemblyDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
InseparableAssembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
DetailAssembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
InterfaceDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
AlteredItemDrawingtoAlteranExistingItem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
PrintedBoardandDiscreteWiringBoardDrawingSets. . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ControlDrawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
VendorItemDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
ProcurementControlDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
EnvelopeDrawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
ix