Table Of ContentLogic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 46
Mohammad Shafiei
Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen Editors
Peirce and
Husserl: Mutual
Insights on Logic,
Mathematics and
Cognition
Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science
Volume 46
Series Editor
Shahid Rahman, University of Lille III, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
Managing Editor
Nicolas Clerbout, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
Founding Editor
John Symons, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Editorial Board
Jean Paul van Bendegem, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
Johan van Benthem, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jacques Dubucs, CNRS/Paris I, France
Anne Fagot-Largeault, Collège de France, France
Bas van Fraassen, Princeton University, USA
Dov Gabbay, King’s College London, UK
Tony Street, Divinity College, Cambridge, UK
Graham Priest, CUNY, USA
Gabriel Sandu, University of Helsinki, Finland
Göran Sundholm, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
Heinrich Wansing, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
Timothy Williamson, Oxford University, UK
Logic,Epistemology,andtheUnityofScienceaimstoreconsiderthequestionofthe
unityofscienceinlightofrecentdevelopmentsinlogic.Atpresent,nosinglelogical,
semantical or methodological framework dominates the philosophy of science.
However,theeditorsofthisseriesbelievethatformaltechniqueslike,forexample,
independence friendly logic, dialogical logics, multimodal logics, game theoretic
semanticsandlinearlogics,havethepotentialtocastnewlightonbasicissuesinthe
discussionoftheunityofscience.
Thisseriesprovidesavenuewherephilosophersandlogicianscanapplyspecific
technical insights to fundamental philosophical problems. While the series is open
toawidevarietyofperspectives,includingthestudyandanalysisofargumentation
and the critical discussion of the relationship between logic and the philosophy of
science,theaimistoprovideanintegratedpictureofthescientificenterpriseinall
its diversity.
For inquiries and submissions of proposals, authors can contact Christi Lue at
[email protected].
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6936
fi
Mohammad Sha ei Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen
(cid:129)
Editors
Peirce and Husserl: Mutual
Insights on Logic,
Mathematics and Cognition
123
Editors
Mohammad Shafiei Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen
Department ofPhilosophy Schoolof Humanities andSocial Sciences
ShahidBeheshti University Nazarbayev University
Tehran,Iran Astana, Kazakhstan
ISSN 2214-9775 ISSN 2214-9783 (electronic)
Logic, Epistemology, andtheUnityof Science
ISBN978-3-030-25799-6 ISBN978-3-030-25800-9 (eBook)
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Preface
Theaimofthepresentbookistoprovideafurtherstepintothepathslesstroddenin
the scholarship of two prominent philosophers, Peirce and Husserl, and to bring
thesetwofairlydiscordanttemperamentsintoacreativelydisruptiveinterplay.The
proposedexercisetoparallel Peirce andHusserl ishoped tohelp identify elements
intheprevailingscholarshipthathavepotentialforafurthersystematicexploration
of certain fundamental notions that are found both in Peirce’s and in Husserl’s
writings,especiallyasconcernsmethodsandlogicofscience,theoryofknowledge
andtheroleofthemindintheseinvestigations.Thiscanbedonebothbydrawinga
parallelism between their works and by identifying a number of differences and
tensions. Both approaches can offer new insights for scholars to reorient their
further explorations. Needless to say, most of those similarities, differences and
tensions are the tasks that ultimately the readers and the future communities of
investigators are invited to work out from the material provided at their disposal.
The present volume collects eleven papers on these themes. It begins with two
contributions particularly appropriate to set the agenda. An introductory piece
“Mutual Insights on Peirce and Husserl”, written by the editors together with
FrederikStjernfelt,outlinessomeofthecentralhistoricalandsystematicalthemes
arising out of the recent scholarship on Peirce and Husserl. Next, Kuno Lorenz’s
contribution “Logical Construction and Phenomenological Reduction: Towards a
Dialogical Reconstruction of Experience with Special Reference to Peircean and
Husserlian Methods” consists of two parts, an account of “Historical Relations”
around Pragmatism and Phenomenology followed by a treatment of “Systematic
Issues” connected with the two methodologies involved. It proposes a dialogical
frameworkfromwhichonecoulddevelopmutualapproachesofPeirceandHusserl
as two and somewhat complementary perspectives to the issues encountered in
foundational explorations of science and inquiry.
In the next chapter, “Thoughts, Things and Logical Guidance”, Angelina
BobrovaandAhti-VeikkoPietarinenstudyPeirce’snotionofguidingprincipleof
reason and its central role in his logic. The authors provide an analysis of the
guidingprincipleanditsevolutiongroundedintheprimitiveformsofthemethodof
v
vi Preface
existentialgraphs.ThechapterthencontainssomecomparisonbetweenPeirceand
Husserl as regards the status of logic in their philosophical methods.
The next three chapters are dedicated to the philosophy of logic. Francesco
Bellucci’s contribution entitled “Philosophy of Notation in the 19th Century.
Peirce, Husserl, and all the Others on Inclusion and Assertion”, which pertains to
thenewandemergingareaofthephilosophyofnotation,discussestherelevanceof
notation and its conceptual significance for logic and reasoning in the nineteenth
century focusing on the work of the philosophers under consideration in our vol-
ume.Theauthordiscussestwoimportantnotationaldevicesthatwereembeddedin
Husserl’s and Peirce’s notations, the sign of inclusion and the sign of assertion.
In “Symbolic Knowledge in Husserlian Pure Logic”, Manuel Gustavo Isaac
studiessymbolicknowledgeinHusserl’sphilosophyandcomparesitstepwisewith
the conceptualizations offered by Peirce. The author develops his discussion by
focusing on the question, “How can the subjective operating with symbols be
justified in the process of obtaining objective contents of knowledge?”
Mohammad Shafiei in “Peirce’s Existential Graphs as a Contribution to
Transcendental Logic” studies some criteria required by a phenomenological log-
icalframeworkandthenshowshowthosecriteriaarefulfilledbyexistentialgraphs.
According to Shafiei, Peirce’s existential graphs offer explanations of meaning
which are neither truth functional nor inferential. Thus, existential graphs respect
the Husserlian distinction between consequence level and truth level.
The next two chapters concern the philosophy of mathematics. In “Husserl and
Peirce and the Goals of Mathematics”, Mirja Hartimo discusses the aims of
mathematics in both Peirce and Husserl. Hartimo pinpoints the common ideas
of these philosophers in relation to the delimitation of mathematics. After dis-
cussing the main similarities, the authors elaborated an important difference.
Hartimo explains that while for Husserl the goal of mathematics is to characterize
definite manifolds, for Peirce it is to discover the real potential world as expressed
by his conception of continuum.
Carlos Lobo’s paper “A Receding Parallelism: Husserl and Peirce from the
Perspective of Logic of Probability” concerns the foundations of the theory of
probability on the basis of a parallelism between Peirce’s and Husserl’s ideas and
guiding principles, a parallelism which according to the author goes beyond the
determinate similaritiesand invites ustoenlargethegeneral scope ofsuchstudies.
In his thorough exploration, Lobo investigates the roots of the logic of probability
focusing on the contributions of Peirce and Husserl.
The next two chapters, “On Peirce and Husserl on Intentionality” by Yi Jiang
and“OntheArisingoftheIinPeirceandHusserl”bySusiFerrarello,involvethe
notion of intentionalityand consciousness. The contributionof Jiang Yi elaborates
Husserl’s notion of intentionality comparing it with the one of Peirce. The author
argues that although the two philosophers had different motives from which the
problem of intentionality arises, they shared common concerns of intentionality as
the first state of consciousness.
Preface vii
Ferrarello discusses how the ego arises within the lived experiences of the
concrete human being. Ferrarello’s chapter provides a comparative examination of
Husserl’sgeneticphenomenologyandPeirce’scategoryofsecondness.Thechapter
compares Husserl’s notion of awakening of the ego with Peirce’s psychological
notion ofegoreaction.IncontrasttoSpiegelberg’s(1956: 170)claim accordingto
which the “Heraclitean” picture of Peirce’s system is a “major obstacle to a
full-scale comparison between the two phenomenologies”, Ferrarello argues that it
is precisely this Heraclitean image of the soul that makes Peirce and Husserl’s
systems, after all, so surprisingly similar.
In the final chapter, Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen and Jelena Issajeva provide an
extended glossary of the most central terms of Peirce’s theory of phaneroscopy,
explaining key terms of Peirce’s theory from the viewpoint of the theory of cog-
nition. The chapter shows how the theory of signs is influenced by phaneroscopy,
the science of phenomenology that prepares ground for the sign-theoretic study of
mind. The glossary serves as an aid to both Peirce’s theory of signs and its phe-
nomenologicalunderpinnings,illustratingtheuniquecharacterofthisearlymethod
for the theory of cognition.
Tehran, Iran Mohammad Shafiei
Astana, Kazakhstan Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen
Acknowledgements
We thank the funding agencies of the projects 12786, PUT267 and PUT1305
(Academy of Finland and Estonian Research Council, “Diagrammatic Mind
(DiaMind):LogicalandCognitiveAspectsofIconicity”,“AbductionintheAgeof
Fundamental Uncertainty”, PI Pietarinen); Russian Academic Excellence Project
“5–100”;andalsoIran’sNationalElitesFoundation(INEF)forthefundingsupport
of the first editor’s postdoctoral research at Shahid Beheshti University, during
which time he also worked on the current volume. Our special expression of
gratitudegoestoShahidRahmanforhissupportthroughouttheyearsthatittookto
bring the present volume into its final shape.
ix
Contents
Part I Methods
1 Mutual Insights on Peirce and Husserl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen, Mohammad Shafiei and Frederik Stjernfelt
2 Logical Construction and Phenomenological Reduction . . . . . . . . . 17
Kuno Lorenz
3 Thoughts, Things and Logical Guidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Angelina Bobrova and Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen
Part II Logic
4 Philosophy of Notation in the 19th Century. Peirce, Husserl,
and All the Others on Inclusion and Assertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Francesco Bellucci
5 Symbolic Knowledge in Husserlian Pure Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Manuel Gustavo Isaac
6 Peirce’s Existential Graphs as a Contribution to Transcendental
Logic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Mohammad Shafiei
Part III Mathematics
7 Husserl and Peirce and the Goals of Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Mirja Hartimo
8 ARecedingParallelism:HusserlandPeircefromthePerspective
of Logic of Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Carlos Lobo
xi
